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Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban is Professor of Anthropology at Rhode Island College
Author's Note: I am following Engels' use of the term labor, despite its mass industrial implications. Work would be a better term. Also, Engels largely ignored the dialectical relationship of work/labor to the development of language. But his efforts were sufficiently striking, and in their day unique, to warrant this essay.
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Fluehr-Lobban, C. Frederick Engels and Leslie White: The symbol versus the role of labor in the origin of humanity. Dialect Anthropol 11, 119–126 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00247885
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00247885