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Pharmacological activity of some esters of germine with acetic acid

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Summary

Five esters of germine with acetic acid were investigated for their pharmacological activity on the circulation of cats, for their veratrinic effect on the sartorius muscle of the frog, and for their toxicity in mice.

The germine tetra-, isotetra- and pentaacetate resembled the naturally occurring esters of germine and other naturally occurring alkaloids of the group of veratrum ester alkaloids in their effect on the circulation and on frog muscle, although their potency was much lower than that of the natural germine esters.

The mono- and the diacetate of germine showed a different pattern of activity. In frog muscle they caused an increase in twitch height rather than an aftercontraction. In cats they caused not a hypotension, but rather a moderate hypertension. The hypertension is probably due to stimulation of receptors of unknown nature, possibly pain receptors. The effect was attenuated, but not abolished, after destruction of the medullary centers, but did not occur after destruction of the spinal cord.

Sensory stimulation after injection of germine mono- and diacetate was noted in the anesthetized animals and was reported by human volunteers.

Zusammenfassung

Fünf Ester des Veratrum Alkaloids Germin mit Essigsäure wurden auf ihre pharmakologische Wirkung auf den Kreislauf der Katze und auf den Sartorius-Muskel des Frosches geprüft. Außerdem wurde die Toxicität der Alkaloide an der Maus bestimmt.

Die Alkaloide Tetra-, Isotetra- und Pentaacetylgermin waren am Kreislauf der Katze und am Skeletmuskel des Frosches in ihrer Wirkung den natürlich vorkommenden Esteralkaloiden des Germins ähnlich; ihre Wirkungsstärke war jedoch erheblich geringer. Mono- und Diacetylgermin verhielten sich anders. Am Sartorius-Muskel des Frosches verursachten sie, ebenso wie Germin selbst, eine Zunahme der Zuckungshöhe aber keine Nachkontraktion. Am Kreislauf der Katze trat eine mäßige Blutdrucksteigerung auf statt der für die natürlich vorkommenden Esteralkaloide charakteristischen Blutdrucksenkung. Die Blutdrucksteigerung beruht wahrscheinlich auf der Erregung von bisher nicht identifizierten Receptoren, möglicherweise handelt es sich um Schmerzreceptoren. Die Wirkung konnte durch Zerstörung der Medulla oblongata abgeschwächt aber nicht beseitigt werden. Nach der Zerstörung des Rückenmarks trat keine Blutdrucksteigerung mehr auf.

Die Toxicität (LD50, Maus) der Acetylester (mit Ausnahme des Pentaacetats) war vier- bis achtmal so groß als diejenige des Germins und betrug 1/100 bis 1/300 der Toxicität der natürlich vorkommenden Germinester.

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In honor of Prof. A. Jarisch on his 70th birthday.

With 1 Figure in the Text

Studies on Veratrum Alkaloids XXXI.

This work was supported by grant H-2205 U.S. Public Health Service and by funds from the Eugene Higgins Trust.

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Flacke, W. Pharmacological activity of some esters of germine with acetic acid. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch 240, 369–381 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00244931

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