Amplitude and frequency measures of surface electromyography during dual task elbow torque production

Summary

Studies of motor unit recruitment thresholds have demonstrated the existence of task-specific motor units within the muscles controlling the elbow. Two degree-of-freedom (df) task specificity was investigated at higher levels of elbow torque using the amplitude and frequency characteristics of surface electromyography (EMG). Flexion and supination torque data were collected together with EMG from electrode pairs on the brachioradialis (BRAD), biceps brachii short head, and medial and lateral aspects of biceps brachii long head, while subjects (n=14) performed the following four combinations of isometric tasks: (1) maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) flexion (F) and (2) MVC supination (S), each with a targeted torque of zero in the second d f; (3) MVC flexion with targeted MVC supination (FS); and (4) MVC supination with targeted MVC flexion (SF). Median power frequency (MEDF) and root mean square (RMS) amplitude under steady-state torque conditions were calculated and analyzed using ANCOVA models with planned contrasts (α=0.05). A significant main effect for task was found in RMS, but not in MEDF. Contrasts showed a significant increase in RMS response in the dual MVC tasks (FS and SF) over the single MVC tasks of F and S. The lack of frequency changes with alterations in RMS data indicates that the underlying recruitment/rate coding scheme in use for dual-d f tasks may be different than in single-d f tasks, and provides possible support for the notion of motor unit task groups. Task-by-site interactions were found for both MEDF and RMS, and illustrated that the three biceps sites differed from BRAD in their responses to the F versus S tasks. These results provide further support that the synergy between biceps and BRAD is not fixed, and that the concept of flexor equivalence at the elbow does not hold under all torque task conditions