Summary
The dynamics of neurons in the vestibular nuclei of canal-plugged, decerebrate cats were studied in response to lateral (roll) tilt. Forelimb and neck extensor reflexes recorded simultaneously develop a progressive phase lag above 0.1 Hz. Neurons which exhibited a muscle-like phase lag were excited during low frequency stimuli by ipsilateral side-up tilt (beta response). Neurons with alpha responses, excited during side-down tilt, exhibited a constant phase, without a high frequency lag. Vestibulospinal neurons were present in both of these response groups, as were units driven at monosynaptic latencies by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral labyrinth. The phase-lagging beta responses are appropriate for contributing to the reflexes observed in the ipsilateral neck and contralateral forelimb.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akaike T, Fanardjian VV, Ito M, Kumada M, Nakajima H (1973a) Electrophysiological analysis of the vestibulospinal reflex pathway of rabbit. I. Classification of tract cells. Exp Brain Res 17: 477–496
Akaike T, Fanardjian VV, Ito M, Ohno T (1973b) Electrophysiological analysis of the vestibulospinal reflex pathway of rabbit. II. Synaptic actions upon spinal neurons. Exp Brain Res 17: 497–515
Anderson JH, Blanks RHI, Precht W (1978) Response characteristics of semicircular canal and otolith systems in cat. I. Dynamic responses of primary vestibular fibers. Exp Brain Res 32: 491–507
Anderson JH, Pappas C (1978) Neck motor responses to vertical rotations in the alert cat. Soc Neurosci Abstr 4: 609
Berthoz A, Anderson JH (1971a) Frequency analysis of vestibular influence on extensor motoneurons. I. Response to tilt in forelimb extensors. Brain Res 34: 370–375
Berthoz A, Anderson JH (1971b) Frequency analysis of vestibular influence on extensor motoneurons. II. Relationship between neck and forelimb extensors. Brain Res 34: 376–380
Boyle R, Pompeiano O (1980) Reciprocal responses to sinusoidal tilt of neurons in Deiters' nucleus and their dynamic characteristics. Arch Ital Biol 118: 1–32
Boyle R, Pompeiano O (1981) Relationship between cell size and response characteristics of vestibulospinal neurons to labyrinth and neck inputs. J Neurosci 1: 1052–1066
Brodal A, Pompeiano O, Walberg F (1962) The vestibular nuclei and their connections. Oliver and Boyd, London
Corvaja N, Grofova I, Pompeiano O, Walberg F (1977) The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. I. An experimental anatomical study of its spinal and supraspinal afferent connections. Neuroscience 2: 537–553
Coulter JD, Mergner T, Pompeiano O (1976) Effects of static tilt on cervical spinoreticular tract neurons. J Neurophysiol 39: 45–62
Coulter JD, Mergner T, Pompeiano O (1977) Integration of afferent input from neck muscles and macular labyrinthine receptors within the lateral reticular nucleus. Arch Ital Biol 115: 332–354
Curthoys IS, Markham CH (1971) Convergence of labyrinthine influences on units in the vestibular nuclei of the cat. I. Natural stimulation. Brain Res 35: 469–490
Darian-Smith I, Phillips G, Ryan RD (1963) Functional organization in the trigeminal main sensory and rostral spinal nuclei of the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 168: 129–146
Duensing F, Schaefer KP (1959) Über die Konvergenz verschiedener labyrintharer Afferenzen auf einzelne Neurone des Vestibulariskerngebietes. Arch Psychiat Nervenkrankh 199: 345–371
Erulkar SD, Sprague JM, Whitsel BL, Dogan S, Jannetta PJ (1966) Organization of the vestibular projection to the spinal cord of the cat. J Neurophysiol 29: 626–664
Ezure K, Sasaki S, Uchino Y, Wilson VJ (1978) Frequency-response analysis of vestibular-induced neck reflex in cat. II. Functional significance of cervical afferents and polysynaptic descending pathways. J Neurophysiol 41: 459–471
Fernández C, Goldberg JM (1976) Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. III. Response dynamics. J Neurophysiol 39: 996–1008
Fernández C, Goldberg JM, Abend WK (1972) Response to static tilts of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. J Neurophysiol 35: 978–997
Gacek RR (1969) The course and central termination of first order neurons supplying vestibular end organs in the cat. Acta Otolaryngol (Suppl) 254: 1–66
Grillner S, Kongo T, Lund S (1968) The origin of descending fibers monosynaptically activating spinoreticular neurons. Brain Res 10: 259–262
Grillner S, Hongo T, Lund S (1970) The vestibulospinal tract. Effects on alpha-motoneurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord in the cat. Exp Brain Res 10: 94–120
Hongo T, Kudo N, Tanaka R (1975) Effects from the vestibulospinal tract on the contralateral hindlimb motoneurons in the cat. Brain Res 31: 220–223
Ito M, Hongo T, Okada Y (1969) Vestibular-evoked postsynaptic potentials in Deiters' neurons. Exp Brain Res 7: 214–230
Lannou J, Cazin L, Hamann K-F (1980) Response of central vestibular neurons to horizontal linear acceleration in the rat. Pfluegers Arch 385: 123–129
Lindsay KW, Roberts TDM, Rosenberg JR (1976) Asymmetric tonic labyrinth reflexes and their interaction with neck reflexes in the decerebrate cat. J Physiol 261: 583–562
Lund S, Pompeiano O (1968) Monosynaptic excitation of alpha motoneurones from supraspinal structures in the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 73: 1–21
Maeda M, Maunz RA, Wilson VJ (1975) Labyrinthine influences on cat forelimb motoneurons. Exp Brain Res 22: 69–86
Melvill Jones G, Milsum JH (1969) Neural response of the vestibular system to translational acceleration. In: Suppl. to: Conference on systems analysis approach to neurophysiological problems. Brainerd, Minnesota
Money KE, Scott JW (1962) Functions of separate sensory receptors of nonauditory labyrinth of the cat. Am J Physiol 202: 1211–1220
Nagaki J (1967) Effects of natural vestibular stimulation on alpha extensor motoneurons of the cat. Kumamoto Med J 20: 102–111
Nyberg-Hansen R, Mascitti TA (1964) Sites and modes of termination of fibers of the vestibulospinal tract in the cat: An experimental study with silver impregnation methods. J Comp Neurol 122: 369–388
Peterson BW (1970) Distribution of neural responses to tilting within vestibular nuclei of the cat. J Neurophysiol 33: 750–767
Peterson BW, Fukushima K, Hirai N, Schor RH, Wilson VJ (1980) Responses of vestibulospinal and reticulospinal neurons to sinusoidal vestibular stimulation. J Neurophysiol 43: 1236–1250
Petras JM (1967) Cortical, tectal and tegmental fiber connections in the spinal cord of the cat. Brain Res 6: 275–324
Pompeiano O (1975) Macular input to neurons of the spinoreticulocerebellar pathway. Brain Res 95: 351–368
Pompeiano O, Hoshino K (1977) Responses to static tilt of lateral reticular neurons mediated by contralateral labyrinthine receptors. Arch Ital 115: 211–236
Schor RH (1973) The dynamic response of vestibular neurons. PhD thesis, Rockefeller University, New York
Schor RH (1974) Responses of cat vestibular neurons to sinusoidal roll tilt. Exp Brain Res 20: 347–362
Schor RH, Miller AD (1981) Vestibular reflexes in neck and forelimb muscles evoked by roll tilt. J Neurophysiol 46: 167–178
Schor RH, Miller AD, Wilson VJ (1981) Response patterns of central vestibular neurons to modulated otolith input. Soc Neurosci Abstr 7: 690
Soechting JF, Anderson JH, Berthoz A (1977) Dynamic relations between natural vestibular inputs and activity of forelimb extensor muscles in the decerebrate cat. III. Motor output during rotations in the vertical plane. Brain Res 120: 35–47
Thomas RC, Wilson VJ (1965) Precise localization of Renshaw cells with a new marking technique. Nature (Lond) 206: 211–213
Tomko DL, Peterka RJ, Schor RH (1981) Responses to head tilt in cat eighth nerve afferents. Exp Brain Res 41: 216–221
Watt DGD (1976) Responses of cat to sudden falls: An otolithoriginating reflex assisting landing. J Neurophysiol 39: 257–265
Wilson VJ, Gacek RR, Maeda M, Uchino Y (1977) Saccular and utricular input to cat neck motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 40: 63–73
Wilson VJ, Kato M, Peterson BW, Wylie RM (1967) A single-unit analysis of the organization of Deiters' nucleus. J Neurophysiol 30: 603–619
Wilson VJ, Melvill Jones G (1979) Mammalian vestibular physiology. Plenum Press, New York
Wilson VJ, Peterson BW (1978) Peripheral and central substrates of vestibulospinal reflexes. Physiol Rev 58: 80–105
Wilson VJ, Peterson BW, Fukushima K, Hirai N, Uchino Y (1979) Analysis of vestibulocollic reflexes by sinusoidal polarization of vestibular afferent fibers. J Neurophysiol 42: 331–346
Wilson VJ, Yoshida M (1969) Comparison of effects of stimulation of Deiters' nucleus and medial longitudinal fasciculus on neck, forelimb, and hindlimb motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 32: 743–758
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Partially supported by NASA grant NSG-2380 and NIH grant NS02619
NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship PHS NS06128
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schor, R.H., Miller, A.D. Relationship of cat vestibular neurons to otolith-spinal reflexes. Exp Brain Res 47, 137–144 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00235895
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00235895