Internode explants of Kohleria sp. (Gesneriaceae) are capable of regenerating large numbers of adventitious shoots. Regeneration of green shoots from explants of an albino periclinal chimera with genetically green L1, as well as microsurgical removal of the epidermis revealed that shoots originate only from the epidermis. Histological studies further showed that shoots arise from a particular epidermal cell type, viz the basal cell of young glandular trichomes. On the other hand, cells competent for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation are mainly located in vascular tissues, as could be shown by histochemical localization of ß-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in explants that had been inoculated with A. tumefaciens strains carrying binary plasmids with GUS and kanamycin resistance (NPTII) genes. Only 3% of GUS expression events took place in the epidermis. Consequently, shoot regeneration in the presence of kanamycin was very poor. Moreover, most of those shoots proved GUS-negative and did not survive subcultivation on kanamycin-containing medium. Six regenerants, however, were most probably transgenic, as suggested by the ability to produce adventitious shoots in the presence of kanamycin and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first positive result towards genetic transformation in a taxon of the Gesneriaceae.