Summary
Anther-derived doubled haploid (ADH) tobacco lines possessing a high level of resistance to tobacco black shank, Phytophthora parasitica (Dast.) var ‘nicotianae’ (B. de Haan) Tucker (Ppn), have been identified from a cross of two tobacco cultivars susceptible to this disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the origin of black shank resistance in ADH lines developed from two susceptible parental cultivars: ‘Ovens 62’ and ‘Ky 15’. In addition to the ADH lines, sexually-derived F2∶8 lines were produced using the single seed descent (SSD) method. Seventy-five ADH lines and 75 SSD lines along with two black shank resistant and three susceptible controls (including parental cultivars) were evaluated under field conditions for resistance to Ppn in 1989 and 1990. Lines were assigned at random to five sets and were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications/set. A disease index was computed from weekly stand counts of the number of surviving plants per plot for each tobacco line. The 1989 experiment revealed resistance to Ppn in 8 ADH lines, numbers 29, 31, 32, 40, 68, 69, 74, 76, and 1 SSD line, number 32. The 8 ADH lines continued to show resistance in 1990, but SSD line number 32 exhibited a susceptible reaction. There were no other resistant SSD lines.
A second field experiment was conducted in 1990 using the putative resistant ADH lines and SSD line nr. 32, which expressed resistance to black shank in 1989. In addition, 12 randomly selected lines from the original 150 ADH and SSD lines were evaluated along with the same five controls as in the previous experiment to further substantiate the resistance of the ADH lines. Lines were planted in a randomized complete block design with eight replications. ADH lines continued to express resistance. SSD line nr. 32 did not show any resistance nor did any other line derived through the single seed descent procedure.
These results support the hypothesis that anther culture can generate a high level of black shank resistance. The basis for this resistance is postulated to be due to gene amplification of factors that regulate host response to the black shank fungus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arcia MA, Wernsman EA, Burk LG (1978) Performance of anther-derived dihaploids and their conventionally inbred parents as lines, in F1 hybrids, and in F2 generations. Crop Sci 18:413–418
Brown JS, Wernsman EA (1982) Nature of reduced productivity of anther-derived dihaploid lines of flue-cured tobacco. Crop Sci 22:1–5
Burk LG, Chaplin JF (1980) Variation among anther-derived haploids from multiple disease resistant tobacco hybrid. Crop Sci 20:334–338
Burk LG, Matzinger DF (1976) Variation among anther-derived doubled-haploids from an inbred line of tobacco. J Hered 67:381–384
Chaplin JF (1962) Transfer of black shank resistance from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia to flue-cured N. tabacum. Tob Sci 6:184–189
Clayton EE (1958) The genetics and breeding progress in tobacco during the last 50 years. Agron J 50:352–356
Collins GB, Legg PD, Litton CC (1974) The use of anther-derived haploids in Nicotiana. II Comparison of doubled haploid lines with lines obtained by conventional breeding methods. Tob Sci 18:40–42
Csinos AS (1983) Control of tobacco black shank with combinations of systemic fungicides and nematicides or fumigants. Plant Dis 67:204–207
D'Amato F, Devreux M, Scarascia Mugnozza GT (1965) The DNA content of the nuclei of pollen grains of tobacco and barley. Caryologia 18:377–382
De Paepe R, Prat D, Hugent T (1982) Heritable nuclear DNA changes in doubled haploid plants obtained by pollen culture of Nicotiana sylvestris. Plant Sci Lett 28:11–28
Dhillon SS, Wernsman EA, Miksche JP (1983) Evaluation of nuclear DNA content and heterochromatin changes in anther-derived doubled haploids of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cv ‘Coker 139’. Can J Genet Cytol 25:169–173
Goodspeed TH, Clausen RE (1928) Interspecific hybridization in Nicotiana. VIII. The sylvestris-tomentosa-tabacum hybrid triangle and its bearing on the origin of N. tabacum. Univ Calif Publ Berkeley Bot 11:245–256
Kasperbauer MJ, Collins GB (1972) Reconstitution of diploids from leaf tissue of anther-derived haploids in tobacco. Crop Sci 12:98–101
Larkin PJ, Scowcroft WR (1981) Somaclonal variation a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genet 60:197–214
Lucas GB (1975) Diseases of tobacco 3rd edn. Biological Consulting Assoc, Raleigh, N.C., pp 115–141
Melton TA, Porter D, Wood K (1991) Disease management practices. In: Tobacco Information 1991. N C Agric Ext Ser Bull 187:81–107
Nitsch JP, Nitsch C (1969) Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science 169:85–87
Reed SM, Wernsman EA (1989) DNA amplification among anther-derived doubled haploid lines of Nicotiana tabacum L. and its relationship to agronomic performance. Crop Sci 29:1072–1076
Rufty RC (1989) Genetics of host resistance to tobacco blue-mold. In: Mckeen WE (ed) Blue mold of tobacco. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minn., pp 141–164
SAS user's guide: statistics (1985) SAS Institute Inc, Cary N.C.
Schnell RJ, Wernsman EA. Burk LG (1980) Efficiency of single-seed-descent vs. anther-derived dihaploid breeding methods in tobacco. Crop Sci 20:619–622
Shew HD (1983) Effects of soil matrix potential on infection of tobacco by Phytophthora parasitica var ‘nicotianae’. Phytopathology 73:1160–1163
Sunderland N (1980) Anther and pollen culture 1974–1979. In: Davis DR, Hopwood DA (ed) The plant genome. John Innes Charity, John Innes Institute, Norwich, England, pp 171–183
Tisdale WB (1931) Development of strains of cigar wrapper tobacco resistant to black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan). Univ Fla Agric Exp Stn Bull 226:1–45
Wark DC (1977) Doubled haploids in Australian tobacco breeding. In: Plant Breeding Papers — Third International Congress of the Society for the Advancement of Breeding Researches in Asia and Oceania (SABRAO) in association with the Australian Plant Breeding Conference, Canberra, Australia. February 19, 1977. Canberra: [S.N.]. Vol. 1: p (2b) 19–23
Wernsman EA, Rufty RC (1987) Tobacco. In: Fehr WR (ed) Principles of cultivar development. Macmillan, New York, pp 669–698
Witherspoon DW Jr, Wernsman EA, Gooding GV Jr, Rufty RC (1991) Characterization of a gametoclonal variant for virus resistance in tobacco. Theor Appl Genet 81:1–5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by Hu Han
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nichols, W.A., Rufty, R.C. Anther culture as a probable source of resistance to tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora parasitica var ‘nicotianae’. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 84, 473–479 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229509
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229509