Skip to main content
Log in

The subcellular distribution of zinc in dog prostate studied by X-Ray microanalysis

  • Published:
Cell and Tissue Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

X-ray microanalysis of zinc in ultrathin sections of dog prostate was performed by electron microscope microanalysis using the potassium pyroantimonate method of preparation. Prostates of both mature and immature dogs were examined and the metal was found to be localised primarily in the nucleolus, nuclear chromatin and secretory granules of epithelial cells. Differences in zinc concentrations were observed between mature and immature tissues, particularly in the nuclear chromatin. The metal was also incorporated into epithelial secretions, lysosomes and fibromuscular stroma. Variable binding of zinc to tissue components was revealed by a combination of histochemical precipitation and subcellular analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Battersby, S.: Electron microscope microanalysis of trace metals in human sperm. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Wales, U.K. (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand, G., Vladesco, R.: Intervention probable du zinc dans les phenomènes de fécondation chez les animaux vertébrés. C.R. Acad. Sci. [D] (Paris) 173, 176–179 (1921)

    Google Scholar 

  • Borthwick, R., Mackenzie, C.P.: The signs and results of treatment of prostatic disease in dogs. Vet. Rec., Oct. 2nd, 374–384 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandes, D.: The fine structure and histochemistry of prostatic glands in relation to sex hormones. Int. Rev. Cytol. 20, 207–276 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, J.A.: A method for preparing absolute standards for quantitative calibration and measurement of section thickness with X-ray microanalysis of biological ultrathin specimens in EMMA. J. Microsc. 106, 291–302 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, J.A.: X-ray microanalysis in the electron microscope. Amsterdam: North Holland Elsevier Press 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, J.A., Battersby, S.: X-ray microanalysis of zinc and calcium in ultrathin sections of human sperm cells using the pyroantimonate technique. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24, 740–748 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, J.A., Timms, B.G., Morton, M.S.: Subcellular distribution of zinc in rat prostate studied by X-ray microanalysis. I. Normal prostate. Hist. J. 9, 103–120 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesters, J.K.: Biochemical functions of zinc with emphasis on nucleic acid metabolism and cell division. In: Trace element metabolism in animals II, pp. 39–50 (W.G. Hoekstra, ed.). Baltimore: Un. Pk. Press, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, M.I., Tikkala, A.O., Mawson, C.A.: Zinc, carbonic anhydrase and phosphatase in the prostate glands of the rat. Canad. J. Biochem. 33, 181–190 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, T.: Notes on the presence of zinc in nucleoli and in the sperm middle-piece in some marine forms. Annot. Zool. Jap. 27, 115–117 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujioka, M., Lieberman, I.: A Zn++ requirement for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid by rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 239, 1164–1167 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfield, R.E., Henderson, R.M., Daniel, E.E.: Evaluation of the pyroantimonate technique for localisation of tissue sodium. Tiss & Cell 4, 575–589 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, C.A.: A carcinoma of the canine prostate. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 40, 197–208 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, S.A., Gould, T.C.: Difference between dorsal and lateral components of dorsolateral prostate of rat in Zn65 uptake. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 92, 17–20 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, S.A., Gould, T.C.: The relative importance of androgen and estrogen in the selective uptake of Zn65 by the dorsolateral prostate of the rat. Endocrinol. 58, 443–452 (1956a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, S.A., Gould, T.C.: Role of zinc in fertility and fecundity in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 193, 505–508 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, S.A., Gould, T.C., Anderson, W.A.D.: The effect of growth hormone and prolactin preparation on the control by interstitial cell stimulating hormone of uptake of Zn65 by the rat dorsolateral prostate. J. Endocr. 32, 205–214 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyorkey, F.: Some aspects of cancer of the prostate gland. In: Methods in cancer research, Vol. 10, pp. 279–368. (H. Busch, ed.). New York: Academic Press 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyorkey, F., Min, K., Huff, J.A., Gyorkey, P.: Zinc and magnesium in human prostatic gland: normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic. Cancer Res. 27, 1348–1353 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Habib, F.K., Hammond, G.L., Lea, I.R., Dawson, J.B., Mason, M.K., Smith, P.H., Stitch, S.R.: Metalandrogen interrelationships in carcinoma and hyperplasia of the human prostate. J. Endocr. 71, 133–141, (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, M.E., Danutra, V., Chandler, J.A., Griffiths, K.: The effect of 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB 154) administration on the hormone levels, organ weights, prostatic morphology and zinc concentrations in the male rat. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 83, 211–224 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, G.S., Gibbons, R.P., Schmidt, J.D., Murphy, G.P., Scott, W.W.: Fluid and tissue kinetics of 65Zn in the dog and monkey. Invest. Urol. 3, 419–426 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, G.S., Wade, J.C., Murphy, G.P., Scott, W.W.: 65Zn and 69mZn studies in the dog, monkey and man. J. Surg. Res. 8, 528–534 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, W.K., Keresteci, A.G., Mayoh, H.: The distribution of zinc within the human prostate. Cancer (Philad.) 13, 550–554 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leav, I., Ling, G.: Adenocarcinoma of the canine prostate. Cancer (Philad.) 22, 1329–1345 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leav, I., Morfin, R.F., Ofner, P., Cavazos, L.F., Leeds, E.B.: Estrogen and castration induced effects on canine prostatic fine structure and C-19 steroid metabolism. Endocrinology 87, 465–483 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie, A.R., Hall, T., Lo, M., Whitmore, W.F.: Influence of castration and sex hormones on size, histology, and zinc content of canine prostate. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 89, 864–874 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie, A.R., Hall, T., Whitmore, W.F.: Zinc content of expressed human prostatic fluid. Nature (Lond.) 193, 72–73 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maser, M.D., Soanes, W.A., Gonder, M.J.: A possible mechanism for canine prostatic secretion. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 102, 734–740 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawson, C.A., Fisher, M.I.: Zinc content of the genital organs of the rat. Nature (Lond.) 167, 859 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendiola, L.R., Price, C.A.: Early events in the stimulation by zinc of cytochrome-c synthesis in ustilago. Amer. J. clin. Nut. 22, 1264–1267 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar, M.J., Elcoate, P.W., Fischer, M.I., Mawson, C.A.: Effect of testosterone and gonadotrophin injections on the sex organ development of zinc deficient male rats. Canad. J. Biochem. 38, 1457–1466 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar, M.J., Fischer, M.I., Elcoate, P.V., Mawson, C.A.: Sex hormone control of the zinc content of the prostate. Canad. J. Biochem. 35, 865–868 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar, M.J., Fischer, M.I., Elcoate, P.V., Mawson, C.A.: The effects of dietary zinc deficiency on the reproductive system of male rats. Canad. J. Biochem. 36, 557–569 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Morisawa, M., Mohri, H.: Heavy metals and spermatozoa motility. Exp. Cell Res. 70, 311–316 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ofner, P., Leav, I., Cavazos, L.F.: C19-steroid metabolism in male accessory sex glands. Correlation of changes in fine structure and radiometabolite patterns in the prostate of the androgen-deprived dog. In: Male accessory sex organs, pp. 267–306. (D. Brandes, ed.). New York: Acad. Press 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, A.S., Oberleas, D., Miller, E.R., Leucke, R.W.: Biochemical effects of zinc deficiency. J. clin. Invest. 49, 76a (Abstract 241) (1970)

  • Prasad, A.S., Oberleas D., Miller, E.R., Leucke, R.W.: Biochemical effects of zinc deficiency: changes in activities of zinc-dependent enzymes and ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid content of tissues. J. Lab. clin. Med. 77, 1, 144–152 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, D.: Comparative aspects of development and structure in the prostate. In: Biology of the prostate and related tissues. NCI Monograph No. 12, 1–28, E.P. Vollmer, ed. (1963)

  • Prout, G.R., Davies, O., Whitmore, F.: The occurrence of intravenously injected radioactive zinc in the prostate and prostatic fluid of dogs. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 78, 471–482 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prout, G.R., Sierp, M., Whitmore, W.F.: Radioactive zinc in the prostate: some factors influencing concentrations in dogs and men. J. Amer. med. Ass. 69, 1703–1710 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito, S., Zeitz, L., Bush, I.M., Lee, R., Whitmore, W.F.: Zinc uptake in canine or rat spermatozoa. Amer. J. Physiol. 217, 1039–1043 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanstead, H.H., Rinaldi, R.A.: Impairment of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by dietary zinc deficiency in the rat. J. Cell Physiol. 73, 8–20 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoonees, R., de Klerk, J.N., Murphy, G.P.: Correlation of prostatic blood flow with 65Zinc activity in intact, castrated and testosterone treated baboons. Invest. Urol. 6, 476–484 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrodt, G.R., Hall, T., Whitmore, W.F.: The concentration of zinc in diseased human prostate glands. Cancer (Philad.) 17, 1555–1566 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Spicer, S.S., Swanson, A.A.: Elemental analysis of precipitates formed in nuclei by antimonate-osmium tetroxide fixation. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 20, 518–526 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Studinski, G.P.: Selective binding of zinc by basic proteins of the Hela cell nucleolus. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 13, 365–375 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Swenerton, H., Schrader, R., Hurley, L.S.: Zinc deficient embryos: reduced thymidine incorporation. Science 166, 1014–1015 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Timms, B.G., Chandler, J.A., Sinowatz, F.: The ultrastructure of basal cells of rat and dog prostate. Cell. & Tiss. Res. 173, 543–554 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tisher, C.C., Weavers, B.A., Cirksena, W.J.: X-ray microanalysis of pyroantimonate complexes in rat kidney. Amer. J. Path. 69, 255–270 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallee, B.L.: Biochemistry, physiology and pathology of zinc. Physiol. Rev. 39, 443–458 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, A.M., Grant, J.K.: Effect of zinc on androgen metabolism in the human hyperplastic prostate. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 3, 540–542 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weser, U., Bischoff, E.: Incorporation of Zn65 in rat liver nuclei. Europ. J. Biochem. 12, 571–575 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weser, U., Seeber, S., Warnecke, P.: Reactivity of Zn++ on nuclear DNA and RNA biosynthesis of regenerating rat liver. Biochim. biophys. Acta. (Amst.) 179, 422–428 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitmore, W.F.: Comments on zinc in the human and canine prostates. In: Biology of the prostate and related tissues. NCI Monograph No. 12, 337–340 E.P. Vollmer, ed. (1963)

  • Williams, R.B., Chesters, J.K.: The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein synthesis in the rat. Brit. J. Nut. 24, 1053–1059 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The authors are grateful to the Tenovus Organisation for general financial support. This work was also supported by the Medical Research Council, Grant No. G974/304B and by a grant of the Austrian Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung. One of them (F.S.) was financed by the British Council

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chandler, J.A., Sinowatz, F., Timms, B.G. et al. The subcellular distribution of zinc in dog prostate studied by X-Ray microanalysis. Cell Tissue Res. 185, 89–103 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226671

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226671

Key words

Navigation