Skip to main content
Log in

Sedimentary chrysophycean cyst assemblages as paleoindicators in acid sensitive lakes

  • Published:
Journal of Paleolimnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Relationships between surface sediment cyst assemblages and lakewater characteristics were studies in 50 lakes located in central Ontario. The main purposes of the study were to identify the environmental factors most strongly controlling the distribution of chrysophycean cysts and to develop indices and equations to infer lake water pH from cyst assemblages. Principal components analysis indicates that alkalinity and associated TDS as well as elements related to trophic status are the factors most strongly correlated with the distribution of chrysophycean cysts. There are significant differences in the relative importance of these factors among the lakes. The transfer functions developed provide good prediction of pH values. This report also provides a descriptive analysis of the ‘fossil’ chrysophycean cyst flora of Ontario lakes. The descriptions include representative SEM micrographs and detailed characterization of each morphotype in consideration of the morphological variation observed among specimens of the same morphotype. Special attention has been paid to the anatomy of the collar complex and to the nature of the cyst surface ornamentation. One hundred and thirty seven morphotypes are described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bartlein, P. J. & T. Webb III, 1985. Mean July Temperatures at 6000 Yr B.P. in eastern North America: Regression equations for estimates from fossil pollen data. National Museums of Canada. Syllogeus 55.

  • Battarbee, R. W., 1979. Diatoms in lake sediments. In B. E. Berglund (Ed.) Paleohydrological changes in the temperate zone in the last 15 000 years. Subproject B. lake and Mire Environments. International Geological Correlation Program, Project 158, Lund, Sweden: 177–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birks, H. J. B. & A. D. Gordon, 1985. Numerical methods in Quaternary Pollen Analysis. Academic Press.

  • Carney, H. J. & A. D. Sandgren, 1983. Chrysophycean cysts: indicators of eutrophication in the recent sediments of Frains Lake, Michigan. Hydrobiologia 101: 195–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles, D. F., 1985. Relationship between surface sediment diatom assemblages and lakewater characteristics in Adirondack lakes. Ecology 66: 994–1011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, W., 1940. Notes Protestiques. XVII. Chrysomonadees fossiles des collections du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique. Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. XVI. p. 45.

  • Cronberg, G. 1980a. Cyst development in different species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) studied by scanning electron microscopy. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 56: 421–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronberg, G., 1980b. Phytoplankton changes in Lake Trumen induced by restoration. Long-term whole-lake studies and experimental biomanipulation. Ph. D. thesis, Institute of Limnology, University of Lund, Sweden.

  • Cronberg, G., 1986. Chrysophycean cysts and scales in lake sediment: a review. In Chrysophytes: aspects and problems. Edited by J. Kristiansen and R. A. Andersen. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, W. J., 1981. BMDP statistical software. Univesity California Press.

  • Douglas, M. S. V. & John P. Smol, 1987. Siliceous protozoan plates in lake sediments. Hydrobiologia 154: 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duff, K. E. & J. P. Smol, 1988; Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the postglacial sediments of a High Archic lake. Can. J. Bot. 66: 1117–1128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duff, K. E. & J. P. Smol, 1991. Morphological distributions and stratigraphic distributions of the chrysophycean stomatocysts from a recently acidified lake (Adisondack Park, N.Y.). 5: 73–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, R. W., Carney, E., Nakamoto, L. & K. H. Nicholls, 1988. Parametrization of calibration equations relating diatom ‘microfossil’ to surface-water pH and alkalinity in central Ontario lakes. Ecol. Monogr. (submitted)

  • Gritten, M. M., 1977. On the fine structure of some chrysophycean cysts. Hydrobiologia 53: 239–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elner, J. K. & C. M. Happey-Wood, 1978. Diatom and chrysophycean-cysts in sediment cores in two linked but contrasting Welsh lakes. Br. phycol. J. 13: 341–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber-Pestalozzi, G., 1941. Das Phytoplankton des Susswassers-Die Binengewasser. Band 16, Teil 2, 1. Chrysophyceen, farblose Flagellaten, Heterokonten. Stuttgart.

  • Jeffries, D. S. & W. R. Snyder, 1983. Geology and geochemistry of the Muskoka-Haliburton study area. Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Limnology Section, Dorset. data Report DR83/2: 101 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leventhal, E., 1970. The Chrysomonadina. In lanula: an account of the history and development of Lago di Monterosi, Latium, Italy. Edited by G. Hutchinson. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 60: 123–142.

  • Nicholls, K. H., 1981. Chrysococcus furcatus (Dog) comb. nov.: a new name for Chrysostorella furcata (Dolg.) Defl. based on the discovery of the vegetative state. Phycologia 20: 16–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolls, A., R. Reid, & B. Girard, 1983. Morphometry of the Muskoka-Haliburton study lakes. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Limnology Section, Dorset. Data Report DR83/3. 33 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nygaard, G., 1956. Ancient and recent flora of diatoms and Chrysophyceae in Lake Gribso. In Studies on the humic acid Lake Gribso. Edited by K. Berg and J. C. Petersen. Folia Limnol. Scand; 8: 32–93.

  • Meriläinen, J., 1967. The diatom fora and the hydrogen concentration of the water. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 160–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawson, D. S., 1951. The total mineral content of lake waters. Ecology 32: 669–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, R. L., R. E. Locke, R. E. Girard & A. C. Nicolls, 1984. Physical and chemical data summary for twelve selected lakes in the Muskoka-Haliburton area (1981–1983). Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystem Section, Dorset. Data Report 84/1. 355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybak, M., 1986. The chrysophycean paleocyst flora of the bottom sediments of Kortowskie Lake, Poland and their ecological significance. Hydrobiologia 140: 67–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rybak, M., 1987. Fossil chrysophycean cyst flora of Racze Lake, Wolin Island (Poland) in relation to paleoenvironmental conditions. Hydrobiologia 150: 257–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybak, M., I. Rybak, & M. Dickman, 1987. Fossil chrysophycean cyst flora in a small meromictic lake in southern Ontario, and its paleoecological interpretation. Can. J. Bot 65: 2425–2440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandgren, C. D., 1980. An ultrastructural investigation of resting cyst formation in Dinobryon cylindricum Imhof (Chrysophyceae, Chrysophycota). Protistologica 16: 259–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandgren, C. D., 1981. Characteristics of sexual and asexual resting cyst (statospore) formation in Dinobryon cylindricum Imhof. J. Phycol. 17: 199–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandgren, C. D., 1983. Survival strategies of chrysophycean flagellates: reproduction and formation of resistant resting cells. In Survival strategies of the algae. Edited by G. A. Fryxell. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 23–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandgren, C. D. & H. J. Carney, 1983. A flora of fossil chrysophycean cysts from the recent sediments of Frains Lake, Michigan, U.S.A. Nova Hedwigia, 38: 129–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute, Inc. 1982. SAS Users Guide: Statistics. Cary, N.C. 584 pp.

  • Sheath, R. G., J. A. Hellebust, & T. Sawa, 1975. The statospores of Dinobryon divergens Imhof: formation and germination in subarctic lake. J. Phycol. 11: 131–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smol, J. P. Paleophycology of a high arctic lake near Cape Herschel, Ellesmere Island. Can. J. Bot. 61: 2195–2204.

  • Srivastava, S. K. & P. L. Binda, 1984. Siliceous and silicified microfossils from Maastrichtian battle formation of Southern Alberta, Canada. Paleobiologie Continentale 24: 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starmach, K., 1980. Chrysophyta. I. Zlotowiciowce. In Flora Slodkowodna Polski. Vol. 5. Edited by K. Starmach, and J. Sieminska. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, pp. 1.-775.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tippet, R., 1964. An investigation into the nature of the layering of deep water sediments in two eastern Ontario lakes. Can. J. Bot 42: 1693–1709.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisberg, S., 1980. Applied linear regression. J. Wiley.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This is the third in a series of four papers published in this dedicated issue entitled ‘Application of Chrysophyte Stomatocysts in Paleolimnology’. Dr. C.D. Sandgren served as guest editor for these papers.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rybak, M., Rybak, I. & Nicholls, K. Sedimentary chrysophycean cyst assemblages as paleoindicators in acid sensitive lakes. J Paleolimnol 5, 19–72 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226557

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226557

Key words

Navigation