Abstract
The current state of the theory describing cosmic-ray modulation in the interplanetary medium is reviewed. Emphasis is given to the problems of determining the transport coefficient for diffusion in energy and position space and in assessing the importance of particle drift motion in three-dimensional modulation models.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achterberg, G. A.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys. 97, 259.
Alanyia, M. V. and Dorman, L. I.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 3, 40.
Alanyia, M. V. and Dorman, L. I.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto 3, 57.
Alanyia, M. V., Gushchina, R. T., and Dorman, L. I.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 3, 349.
Alfvén, H.: 1954, Tellus 6, 232.
Allis, W. R.: 1956, Handb. Phys. 21, 393.
Anderson, H. R.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 2897.
Antonucci, E., Marocchi, D., and Perona, G. E.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 220, 712.
Armstrong, T. P., Chen, G., Sarris, E. T., and Krimigis, S. M.: 1977, in M. A. Shea et al. (eds.), ‘Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena’, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 367.
Axford, W. I.: 1965, Planet. Space Sci. 13, 115.
Axford, W. I.: 1971, in C. P. Sonett, P. J. Coleman, and J. M. Wilcox (eds.), Solar Wind, Conf., Asilomar, NASA SP-308.
Axford, W. I., Fillius, W., Gleeson, L. J., Ip, W. H., and Mogro-Campero, A.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 4, 1519.
Babyan, V. K. R. and Dorman, L. I.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto 3, 123.
Barnden, C. R. and Bercovitch, M.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Munich 3, 875.
Barnes, A.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 155, 311.
Barnes, C. W. and Simpson, J. A.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 210, L91.
Bedijn, P. J., Burger, J. J., and Swanenburg, B. N.: 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Denver 5, 3106.
Berkovitch, M.: 1971, Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Hobart 7, 2658.
Bryant, D. A., Cline, T. L., Desai, U. D., and McDonald, F. B.: 1965, Phys. Rev. Letters 14, 481.
Burger, J. J.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 166, 651.
Burlaga, L. F.: 1979, Space Sci. Rev. 23, 201.
Burlaga, L. F. and Klein, L.: 1982, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 613.
Burlaga, L. F., Lemaire, J. F., and Turner, J. M.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 319.
Cecchini, S. and Quenby, J. J.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf., Cosmic Rays, Munich 3, 911.
Cecchini, S., Moussas, X., and Quenby, J. J.: 1980, Astrophys. Space Sci. 69, 425.
Coles, W. A., Rickett, B. J., Rumsey, V. H., Kaufman, J. J., Turley, D. G., Ananthankrishnan, S., and Armstrong, J. W., Harmons, J. K., Scott, S. L., and Sime, D. G.: 1980, Nature 286, 239.
Cowsick, R. and Lee, M. A.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 216, 635.
Davis, L. R.: 1956, Phys. Rev. 101, 351.
Denskat, K. U. and Burlaga, L. F.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2693.
Dennison, P. A. and Hewish, A.: 1967, Nature 213, 343.
Dolginov, A. Z. and Toptygin, I. N.: 1967, Geomag. Aeron. 7, 785.
Dolginov, A. Z. and Toptygin, I. N.: 1968, Icarus 8, 54.
Dorman, L. I., 1963, in Wilson and Wouthuysen (eds.), Progress in Elementary Particle and Cosmic Ray Physics, North-Holland, p. 7.
Dorman, L. I. and Milovidova, N. P.: 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Denver 2, 713.
Dorman, L. I., Katz, M. E., and Shakhov, B. A.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 3, 63.
Duggal, S. P.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 10, 430.
Dungey, J. W.: 1965, Space Sci. Rev. 4, 199.
Dyer, C. S., Engel, A. R., Quenby, J. J., and Webb, S.: 1974, Solar Phys. 39, 243.
Earl, J. A.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 188, 480.
Earl, J. A.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 3, 385.
Earl, J. A. and Bieber, J. W.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 5, 172.
Ehmert, A.: 1960, Proc. Moscow, Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 4, 142.
Eichler, D., Pesses, M. E., and Jokipii, J. R.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 3, 463.
Elliot, H.: 1952, Progress in Cosmic Ray Physics 1, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Erdős, G. and Kota, T.: 1978, Proc. 6th European Cosmic Ray, Symp., Kiel, 1978.
Erdős, G. and Kota, J.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto 4, 45.
Fahr, H. J., Petelski, E. F., and Ripken, H. W.: 1981, Solar Wind Four, Proc. Burghausen Conf., 1978, Publ. MPI Katlenburg-Lindau and Garching as report No. MPAE-W-100-81-3, p. 535.
Fan, C. V., Gloeckler, G., and Simpson, J. A.: 1965, Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, London 1, 109.
Fermi, E.: 1949, Phys. Rev. 75, 1169.
Fisk, L. A.: 1969, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of California, San Diego.
Fisk, L. A.: 1974, in McDonald and Fichtel (eds.), High Energy Particles and Quanta in Astrophysics, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., p. 170.
Fisk, L. A.: 1976a, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 4641.
Fisk, L. A.: 1976b, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 4633.
Fisk, L. A.: 1976c, Astrophys. J. 206, 333.
Fisk, L. A.: 1976d, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 4686.
Fisk, L. A.: 1979, in Solar System Plasma Physics, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.
Fisk, L. A. and Axford, W. I.: 1969, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 4973.
Fisk, L. A., Forman, M. A., and Axford, W. I.: 1973, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 995.
Fisk, L. A., Kozlovsky, B., and Ramaty, R.: 1974a, Astrophys. J. 190, L35.
Fisk, L. A., Goldstein, M. L., Klimas, A. J., and Sandri, G.: 1974b, Astrophys. J. 190, 417.
Fisk, L. A., Lee, M. A., and Perko: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 3, 337.
Forbush, S. E.: 1954, J. Geophys. Res. 59, 525.
Forbush, S. E. and Beach, L.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 4, 1204.
Forman, M. A.: 1970, Planet. Space Sci. 18, 25.
Forman, M. A.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Munich 11, 3820.
Forman, M. A.: Jokipii, J. R., and Owens, A. J.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 192, 535.
Garcia-Munoz, M., Mason, G. M., and Simpson, J. A.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 182, L81.
Garcia-Munoz, M., Mason, G. M., and Simpson, J. A.: 1977a, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 1, 301.
Garcia-Munoz, M., Mason, G. M., and Simpson, J. A.: 1977b, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 3, 234.
Garcia-Munoz, M., Pyle, K. R., and Simpson, J. A.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 3, 270.
Gleeson, L. J.: 1969, Planet. Space Sci. 17, 31.
Gleeson, L. J.: 1971, Proc. 12th Inth. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Hobart, Rapporteur Paper.
Gleeson, L. J. and Axford, W. I.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 149, L115.
Gleeson, L. J. and Axford, W. I.: 1968a, Astrophys. Space Sci. 2, 431.
Gleeson, L. J. and Axford, W. I.: 1968b, Astrophys. J. 154, 1011.
Gleeson, L. J. and Urch, I. H.: 1973, Astrophys. Space Sci. 25, 387.
Gleeson, L. J. and Webb, G. M.: 1974, Proc. Astron. Soc. Australia 2, No. 5, 297.
Gleeson, L. J. and Webb, G. M.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Munich 3, 893.
Gleeson, L. J. and Webb, G. M.: 1980, Fund. Cosmic Phys. 6, 187.
Gloekler, G.: 1979, in Proc. Workshop on Particle Acceleration Mechanisms in Astrophysics, American Inst. of Phys.
Gloekler, G., Hovestadt, D., and Fisk, L. A.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 230, L191.
Goldstein, M. L.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 204, 900.
Goldstein, M. L.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 3033.
Goldstein, B. E. and Jokipii, J. R.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 1095.
Goldstein, M. L. and Mattaeus, W. J.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 3, 294.
Goldstein, M. L., Klimas, A. J., and Barish, F. D.: 1974, in C. T. Russel (ed.), Solar Wind Three, Univ. Calif. Press, Los Angeles, p. 385.
Goldstein, M. L., Fisk, L. A., and Ramaty, R.: 1970, Phys. Rev. Letters 25, 832.
Gombosi, T. I. and Owens, A. J.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 241, L129.
Gross, M. W., Lee, M. A., and Lerche, I.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 218, 552.
Hakamada, K. and Akosofu, S. I.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 1290.
Hakamada, K. and Akosofu, S. I.: 1982, Space Sci. Rev. 31, 3.
Hall, D. E. and Sturrock, P. A.: 1967, Phys. Fluids 10, 2620.
Hamilton, D. C.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2157.
Hashim, A. and Bercovitch, M.: 1972, Planet. Space Sci. 20, 791.
Hasselmann, K. and Wibberenz, G.: 1968, Z. Geophys. 34, 353.
Hasselmann, K. and Wibberenz, G.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 162, 1049.
Hedgecock, P. C.: 1975, Solar Phys. 42, 497.
Hedgecock, P. C., Quenby, J. J., and Webb, S.: 1972, Nature Phys. Sci. 240, 173.
Hovestadt, D., Vollmer, O., Gloeckler, G., and Fan, C. Y.: 1973, Phys. Rev. Letters 31, 650.
Howard, R. A. and Koomen, M. J.: 1974, Solar Phys. 37, 469.
Hseih, K. C. and Richter, A. K.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 7771.
Hudson, P. D.: 1970, Planet. Space Sci. 18, 1611.
Hudson, P. D.: 1974, Private communication.
Isenberg, P. A. and Jokipii, J. R.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 234, 746.
Jokipii, J. R.: 1966, Astrophys. J. 146, 480.
Jokipii, J. R.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 149, 403.
Jokipii, J. R.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 152, 997.
Jokipii, J. R.: 1971a, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 9, 27.
Jokipii, J. R.: 1971b, Phys. Rev. Letters 26, 666.
Jokipii, J. R.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 194, 465.
Jokipii, J. R.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto, Rapporteur Paper.
Jokipii, J. R. and Jones, F. C.: 1975, in Birmingham and Jones (eds.), Cosmic Ray Diffusion, report of Goddard Space Flight Center Workshop, May 1974, NASA TN D-7873.
Jokipii, J. R. and Kopriva, D. A.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 234, 384.
Jokipii, J. R. and Levy, E. H.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto 3, 52.
Jokipii, J. R. and Parker, E. N.: 1967, Planet. Space Sci. 15, 1375.
Jokipii, J. R. and Parker, E. N.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 3367.
Jokipii, J. R. and Parker, E. N.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 155, 777.
Jokipii, J. R. and Parker, E. N.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 160, 735.
Jokipii, J. R. and Thomas, B.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 243, 1115.
Jokipii, J. R., Levy, E. H., and Hubbard, W. B.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 213, 861.
Jones, F. C., Kaiser, T. B., and Birmingham, T. J.: 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Denver 2, 669.
Kaiser, T. B.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Munich 3, 861.
Kaiser, T. B., Birmingham, T. J., and Jones, F. C.: 1978, Phys. Fluids 21, 370.
Kennel, C. F. and Petscheck, H. E.: 1966, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 1.
Klecker, B.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 5287.
Klecker, B., Hovestadt, D., Gloeckler, G., and Fan, C. Y.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 212, 290.
Klimas, A. J. and Sandri, G.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 169, 41.
Klimas, A. J. and Sandri, G.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 184, 955.
Klimas, A. J., Sandri, G., Scudder, J. D., and Howell, D. R.: 1977, Tech. Publ. X-692-76-207, X-692-76-252, and X-692-77-92, Nasa-Goddard Space Flight Center.
Korff, S. A. and Mendell, R. B.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 11, 208.
Kota, J.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 11, 186.
Kota, J.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto 3, 13.
Kota, J., Merenigi, E., Jokipii, J. R., Kopriva, D. A., Gombosi, J. I., and Owens, J. R.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 254, 398.
Kulsrud, R. and Ferrari, A.: 1971, Astrophys. Space Sci. 12, 302.
Lee, M. A.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 13, 183.
Lee, M. A. and Fisk, L. A.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 248, 836.
Lerche, I.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 193, 711.
Levy, E. H.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 4, 1215.
Lezniak, J. A. and Webber, W. R.: 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Denver 2, 738.
Lietti, B. and Quenby, J. J.: 1968, Canad. J. Phys. 46, 942.
Lin, R. P.: 1974, Space Sci. Rev. 16, 189.
Lockwood, J. A.: 1971, Space Sci. Rev. 12, 658.
Marsden, P. L.: 1967, written contribution to 4th IQSY Assembly, London.
Mason, G. M., Gloeckler, G., Hovestadt, D., and Fan, C. Y.: 1977, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, EOS 58, 12, 1204.
Mathews, T., Quenby, J. J., and Sear, S. F.: 1971, Nature 229, 246.
McCracken, K. G. and Rao, U. R.: 1965, London Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 1, 213.
McCracken, K. G. and Rao, U. R.: 1970, Space Sci. Rev. 11, 155.
McDonald, F. B. and Forman, M. A.: 1981a, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 10, 81.
McDonald, F. B. and Forman, M. A.: 1981b, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 10, 85.
McDonald, F. B., Trainor, J. H., and Webber, W. R.: 1981, Proc. 17th Conf. Cosmic Rays 10, 147.
McDonald, F. B., Teegarden, B. J., Trainor, J. H., and Webber, W. R.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 187, L105.
McDonald, F. B., Van Hollebeke, M. A. I., Trainor, J. H., Lal, N., and Webber, W. R.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto 5, 352.
McKibben, R. B.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 217, L113.
McKibben, R. B.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 13, 163.
McKibben, R. B., Pyle, K. R., and Simpson, J. A.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 222, L147.
Messerschmidt, W.: 1933, Z. Phys. 85, 332.
Miehlnickel, W.: 1938, Hohenstrahlung, Verlag von Theodor Steinkopff.
Moraal, H.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Munich 11, 3896.
Moraal, H., Gleeson, L. J., and Webb, G. M.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto 3, 1.
Morfill, G. E.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 1783.
Morfill, G. E. and Quenby, J. J.: 1971, Planet. Space Sci. 19, 1541.
Morfill, G. E., Volk, H. J., and Lee, M. A.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 5841.
Morrison, P.: 1956, Phys. Rev. 101, 1397.
Moussas, X.: and Quenby, J. J.: 1978, Astrophys. Space Sci. 56, 483.
Moussas, X. and Tritakis, B.: 1982, Solar Phys. 75, 361.
Moussas, X., Quenby, J. J., and Webb, S.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Munich 3, 866.
Moussas, X., Quenby, J. J., and Valdes Galicia, J. F.: 1982a, Astrophys. Space Sci. 85, 99.
Moussas, X., Quenby, J. J., and Valdes Galicia, J. F.: 1982b, Astrophys. Space Sci. 86, 185.
Moussas, X., Quenby, J. J., and Valdes Galicia, J. F.: 1982c, Astrophys. Space Sci. 86, 197.
Nagashima, K.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 10, 380.
Nagashima, K. and Morishita, I.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Kyoto 3, 325.
Nagashima, K., Fujimoto, K., Fijui, Z., Ueno, H., and Kondu, I.: 1971, Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Hobart 2, 661.
Newkirk, G. and Lockwood, J. A.: 1982, University of New Hampshire preprint.
O'Gallagher, J. J.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 150, 675.
O'Gallagher, J. J.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 197, 495.
O'Gallagher, J. J. and Simpson, J. A.: 1967, Phys. Rev. Letters 16, 1212.
Paizis, D. and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. Paris 10, 73.
Palmer, I. D.: 1982, ‘Transport Coefficient of Low Energy Cosmic Rays in Interplanetary Space’, Oral Roberts Univ. Oklahoma, preprint.
Parker, E. N.: 1958a, Astrophys. J. 126, 664.
Parker, E. N.: 1958b, Phys. Rev. 110, 1445.
Parker, E. N.: 1961, Astrophys. J. 133, 1014.
Parker, E. N.: 1963, Interplanetary Dynamical Processes, Interscience, New York.
Parker, E. N.: 1964, Planet. Space Sci. 12, 735.
Parker, E. N.: 1965a, Proc. London Conf. Cosmic Rays, Review.
Parker, E. N.: 1965b, Planet. Space Sci. 13, 9.
Parker, E. N.: 1966, Planet. Space Sci. 14, 371.
Parker, E. N.: 1967, Planet. Space Sci. 15, 1723.
Parker, E. N.: 1969, Space Sci. Rev. 9, 325.
Pomerantz, M. A.: 1975, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Munich 11, 3833.
Pomerantz, M. A. and Duggal, S. P.: 1971, Space Sci. Rev. 12, 75.
Pomerantz, M. A. and Duggal, S. P.: 1974, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 12, 343.
Pomerantz, M. A., Tolba, M. F., Duggal, S. P., Tsao, C. H., and Owens, A. J.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 3, 302.
Quenby, J. J.: 1965a, Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, London, The Physical Soc., London, Review.
Quenby, J. J.: 1965b, Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, London, The Physical Soc., London, Paper Mod 9.
Quenby, J. J.: 1967, Handbuch der Physik 46, No. 2, 310, XLV1/2, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Quenby, J. J.: 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Denver 5, 3731.
Quenby, J. J.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 10, 364.
Quenby, J. J.: 1983, Space Sci. Rev. 34, 137.
Quenby, J. J. and Hashim, A.: 1969, Planet. Space Sci. 17, 1121.
Quenby, J. J. and Lietti, B.: 1968, Planet. Space Sci. 16, 1209.
Quenby, J. J. and Sear, J. F.: 1971, Planet. Space Sci. 19, 95.
Quenby, J. J., Balogh, A., Engel, A. R., Elliot, H., Hedgecock, P. C., Hynds, R. J., and Sear, J. F.: 1970, Acta. Physica Hungaricae 29, 445.
Rao, U. R., McCracken, K. G., and Bartlet, W. C.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 272, 4343.
Rockstroh, J. M.: 1977, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. New Hampshire, U.S.A.
Roelof, E. C.: 1966, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Berkely, U.S.A.
Roelof, E. C.: 1969, in H. Ogelman and J. R. Wayland (eds.), Lectures in High Energy Astrophysics, Washington, NASA SP-199.
Roelof, E. C., Decker, R. B., and Krimigis, S. M.: 1981, JHU/APL Preprint No. 81-14.
Rosenberg, R. L.: 1970, Solar Phys. 15, 72.
Rosenberg, R. L. and Coleman, P. J. Jr.: 1969, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 5611.
Rosenberg, R. L., Kivelson, M. G., and Coleman, P. J. Jr.: 1978, J. Geophys Res. 83, 4165.
Rossi, B. and Olbert, S.: 1970, Introduction to the Physics of Space, McGraw-Hill, International Series.
Sarabhai, V. and Subramanian, G.: 1965, Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, London, Physical Soc., London, p. 204.
Sari, J. W.: 1977, Goddard Space Flight Center Report X-692–77–170 and EOS Trans. AGU 58, 487.
Sarris, E. T. and Van Allen, J. A.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4157.
Schatten, K. H. and Wilcox, J. M.: 1969, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 4157.
Schulz, M.: 1973, Astrophys. Space Sci. 24, 371.
Sime, D. G. and Rickett, B.: 1978, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 5757.
Singer, S. F.: 1958, Progress in Elementary Particle Physics and Cosmic Ray Physics, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 4.
Singer, S. F., Laster, H., and Lencheck, A. M.: 1962, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 17, Suppl. A-11, 583.
Sivukhin, D. V.: 1965, in M. A. Leontovich (ed.), Rev. Plasma Phys. I, 1, Consultants Bureau, New York.
Skadron, G. and Hollweg, J. V.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 5887.
Skilling, J.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 170, 265.
Skilling, J.: 1975, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 172, 557.
Smith, E. J. and Wolfe, J. H.: 1979, Space Sci. Rev. 23, 217.
Smith, E. J., Tsurutani, B. T., and Rosenberg, R. L.: 1978, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 717.
Somogyi, A. J.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 13, 219.
Steinmaurer, R. and Graziadei, H.: 1933, Sitz. Bericht. Acad. Wiss., Wien 22, 672.
Stern, D.: 1964, Planet. Space Sci. 12, 973.
Sturrock, P. A.: 1966, Phys. Rev. 141, 186.
Subramanian, G.: 1971, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 1093.
Swinson, D. B.: 1971, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 4217.
Swinson, D. B. and Kananen, H.: 1982, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 1685.
Thambyahpillai, T. and Elliot, H.: 1953, Nature 171, 918.
Thomas, B. T. and Smith, E. J.: 1980a, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 6861.
Thomas, B. T. and Smith, E. J.: 1980b, Twenty Third Plenary Meeting, Cospar, Symposium No. 2, Budapest, (Abstract).
Thomas, B. T. and Smith, E. J.: 1980c, submitted to J. Geophys. Res.
Toptygin, I. N.: 1973, Geomag. Aeron. 13, 181.
Urch, I. H.: 1971, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Adelaide.
Urch, I. H. and Gleeson, L. H.: 1972, Astrophys. Space Sci. 16, 55.
Van Allen, J. A. and Ness, N. F.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 935.
Van Hollebeke, M. A. I., McDonald, F. B., Trainor, J. H., and Von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1978, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 1723.
Villante, U., Bruno, R., Mariani, F., Burlaga, L. F., and Ness, N. F.: 1979, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 6641.
Völk, H. J.: 1973, Astrophys. Space Sci. 25, 471.
Völk, H.: 1975, Rev. Geophys. Space Sci. 13, 547.
Völk, H. and Alpers, W.: 1973, Astrophys. Space Sci. 20, 267.
Von Rosenvinge, T. T. and Pazizis, C.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 10, 69.
Webb, G. M.: 1976a, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart.
Webb, G. M.: 1976b, J. Australian Math. Soc. B19, 432.
Webb, G. M. and Gleeson, L. J.: 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Denver 3, 3253.
Webb, G. M. and Gleeson, L. J.: 1977, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Plovdiv 3, 12.
Webb, G. M. and Gleeson, L. J.: 1979, Astrophys. Space Sci. 60, 335.
Webb, G. M., Martinic, N. J., and Moraal, H.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 10, 109.
Webb, S. and Quenby, J. J.: 1974, Solar Phys. 37, 235.
Webber, W. R.: 1962, in Wilson and Wouthuysen (eds.), Prog. in Elementary Particle and Cosmic Ray Physics, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Vol. 6, p. 77.
Webber, W. R.: 1967, Handbuch der Physik, BD XLVI/2, Cosmic Rays 2, 181.
Webber, W. R.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Ray, Kyoto, Rapporteur Paper on SP-7.
Webber, W. R. and Lockwood, J. A.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 11458.
Webber, W. R., Stone, E. C., and Vogt, R. E.: 1979, Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 5, 357.
Webber, W. R., McDonald, F. B., Von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Mewaldt, R. A.: 1981, Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, Paris 10, 92.
Whang, Y. C.: 1973, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 1221.
Wibberenz, G. and Beuermann, K. P.: 1972, in K. Schindler (ed.), Cosmic Plasma Physics, p. 339.
Wibberenz, G., Hasselmann, K., and Hasselmann, D.: 1970, Acta Physica Hungaricae 29, Suppl. 2, 37.
Zwickl, R. D. and Webber, W. R.: 1977, Solar Phys. 54, 457.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Quenby, J.J. The theory of cosmic-ray modulation. Space Sci Rev 37, 201–267 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226364
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226364