Summary
Zygotic embryos from open-pollinated seeds of 20 black spruce (Picea mariana) families were used to investigate the proportion of genotypes that would give rise to embryogenic tissue (ET) and mature somatic embryos. Eighty-five percent of the maternal genotypes gave rise to embryogenic tissue. Within-family rates of ET induction ranged from 0 to 17%, with an average of 8%. The largest proportion of variation was among families, indicating the additive nature of the genetic variation. On a medium with 6% sucrose and 3.7 μM ABA, 90% of the embryogenic lines gave rise to abundant (>100/100 mg of ET), well-formed, mature somatic embryos. A medium with 2% sucrose, without 2,4-D, was used to germinate the mature somatic embryos. These were grown in the greenhouse and have now been established in field trials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aderkas P von, Klimatzewska K, Bonga JM (1990) Diploid and haploid embryogenesis in Larix leptolepis, L. decidua, and their reciprocal hybrids. Can J For Res 20:9–14
Arnold S von, Woodward S (1988) Organogenesis and embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos of Picea sitchensis. Tree Physiol 4:291–300
Attree SH, Dunstan DI, Fowke LC (1989) Plantlet regeneration from embryogenic protoplasts of white spruce (Picea glauca). Bio/Technol 7:1060–1062
Becwar MR, Noland TL, Wyckoff JL (1989) Maturation, germination, and conversion of Norway spruce (Picea abies) somatic embryos to plants. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 25:575–580
Cheliak WM, Rogers DL (1990) Integrating biotechnology into tree improvement programs. Can J For Res 20:452–463
Durzan DJ, Gupta PK (1987) Somatic embryogenesis and polyembryogenesis in Douglas-fir cell suspension cultures Plant Sci 52:229–235
Gupta PK, Durzan DJ (1986) Plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from subcultured callus of mature embryos of Picea abies (Norway spruce). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 22s:685–688
Gupta PK, Durzan DG (1987) Biotechnology of somatic polyembryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in loblolly pine. Bio/Technol 5:147–151
Hakman L, Arnold S von (1985) Plantlet regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Picea abies (Norway spruce). J Plant Physiol 121:149–158
Hakman I, Arnold S von (1988) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Picea glauca (white spruce). Physiol Plant 72:579–587
Hakman I, Fowke L (1987) Somatic embryogenesis in Picea glauca (white spruce) and Picea mariana (black spruce). Can J Bot 65:656–659
Hasnain, Cheliak WM (1985)
Jain SM, Newton RJ, Soltes EJ (1988) Enhancement of somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.). Theor Appl Genet 76:501–506
Kirby EG (1988) Recent advances in protoplast culture of horticultural crops: conifers. Sci Horde 37:267–276
Klimaszewska K (1989a) Plantlet development from immature zygotic embryos of hybrid larch through somatic embryogenesis. Plant Sci 63:95–103
Klimaszewska K (1989b) Recovery of somatic embryos and plantlets from protoplast cultures of Larix x eurolepsis. Plant Cell Rep 8:440–444
Krogstrup P, Eriksen EN, Moller JD, Roulund H (1988) Somatic embryogenesis in sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.]. Plant Cell Rep 7:594–597
Lelu M-A, Boulay M, Arnaud Y (1987) Formation of embryogenic calli from cotyledons of Picea abies (L.) Karst, collected from 3 to 7-day-old seedlings. CR Acad Sci Paris Serie III 305:105–119
Lu C-Y, Thorpe TA (1987) Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in cultured immature embryos of Picea glauca. J Plant Physiol 128:197–302
Nagmani R, Bonga JM (1985) Embryogenesis in subcultured callus of Larix decidua. Can J For Res 15:1088–1091
Schuller A, Reuther G, Geier T (1989) Somatic embryogenesis from seed expiants of Abies alba. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 17:53–58
Tautorus TE, Attree SM, Fowke LC, Dunstan DI (1990) Somatic embryogenesis from immature and mature zygotic embryos and embryo regeneration from protoplasts in black spruce (Picea mariana Mill).
Thorpe TA (1988) In vitro somatic embryogenesis. ISI Atlas Sci: Animal Plant Sci: 81–88
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by P.M.A. Tigerstedt
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cheliak, W.M., Klimaszewska, K. Genetic variation in somatic embryogenic response in open-pollinated families of black spruce. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 82, 185–190 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226211
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226211