Abstract
Occurrence of stratified acidic water is described for five forest lakes situated in the westcoast region of Sweden. Differentiation between two types of acid events is made related to origin; one is caused by heavy rains and the other associated with snowmelt during winter and spring. Acid events are due to incomplete mixing between lake and inflow water. Both mixing forces like wind and density differences are important factors regulating the actual stratification. As observed in the lakes studied, stratification therefore occurs during periods of ice-cover when wind-induced mixing is impeded and generally results in an acidic surface water of varying depth. However, in this study we also describe the stratification of acidic inflow water at the sediment-water interface. This type of inlayering is presumably less frequent as a complex set of conditions must be satisfied for its occurrence. Our study shows that acid events may cause temporal and spatial water chemistry changes even in lakes and streams with relatively high pH and buffer capacity. Thus, early biotic damages can be expected in neutral and limed (soft water) lakes.
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Hasselrot, B., Andersson, I.B., Alenäs, I. et al. Response of limed lakes to episodic acid events in Southwestern Sweden. Water Air Soil Pollut 32, 341–362 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225120
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225120