Solar cycle dynamo wave origin of sunspot intensity and X-ray bright point number variation

Abstract

A new concept concerning sunspot cooling and X-ray bright point heating is presented. Sunspot and X-ray bright point small scale flux ropes detach from global scale solar cycle main flux tubes created by the dynamo in the convection zone. The main flux tubes, and associated roots of small scale ropes, gradually rise to the surface. When the roots are deep in the beginning and maximum phases of the solar cycle, cooling mechanism works efficiently, sunspots look darker and bright point number is small. In the ending and minimum phases when the roots are shallow, opposite phenomena take place. This concept points out that the sunspot intensity and the X-ray bright point number are monotonously increasing functions of time to a first approximation and that transition from one cycle to the next is discontinuous. This discontinuity can be a strong evidence that sunspots and X-ray bright points of two consecutive cycles originate from two different main tubes, one lying over the other. It supports the reality of presence of the dynamo waves in the convection zone.