Skip to main content
Log in

Estimation and test for linkage between markers: a comparison of lod score and χ 2 test in a linkage study of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)

  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The first step in the construction of a linkage map involves the estimation and test for linkage between all possible pairs of markers. The lod score method is used in many linkage studies for the latter purpose. In contrast with classical statistical tests, this method does not rely on the choice of a first-type error level. We thus provide a comparison between the lod score and a χ 2 test on linkage data from a gymnosperm, the maritime pine. The lod score appears to be a very conservative test with the usual thresholds. Its severity depends on the type of data used.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bailey NTJ (1961) Introduction to the mathematical theory of genetic linkage. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker RA, Chambers JM, Wilks AR (1988) The new S language. A programming environment for data analysis and graphics. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW (1980) Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 32:314–331

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chotai J (1984) On the lod score method in linkage analysis. Ann Hum Genet 48:359–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Clerget-Darpoux F, Babron M-C, Bonaiti-Pellie C (1990) Assessing the effect of multiple linkage tests in complex diseases. Genet Epidemiol 7:245–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Devos KM, Atkinson MD, Chinoy CN, Liu CJ, Gale MD (1992) RFLP-based genetic map of the homeologous group 3 chromosomes of wheat and rye. Theor Appl Genet 83:931–939

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donis-Keller H et al. (1987) A genetic linkage map of the human genome. Cell 51:319–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Drayna D, Davies K, Hartley D, Mandel J-L, Camerino G, Williamson R, White R (1984) Genetic mapping of the human X chromosome by using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:2836–2839

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis THN, Turner L, Hellens RP, Lee D, Harker CL, Enard C, Domoney C, Davies DR (1992) Linkage maps in pea. Genetics 130:649–663

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt C, Ritter E, Barone A, Debener T, Walkemeier B, Schachtschabel U, Kaufmann H, Thompson RD, Bonierbale MW, Ganal MW, Tanksley SD, Salamini F (1991) RFLP maps of potato and their alignment with the homeologous tomato genome. Theor Appl Genet 83:49–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerber S, Rodolphe F, Bahrman N, Baradat Ph (1993) Seed-protein variation in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis: genetic determinism and construction of a linkage map. Theor Appl Genet 85:521–528

    Google Scholar 

  • Helentjaris T (1987) A genetic linkage map for maize based on RFLPs. Trends Genet 3:217–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Lander ES, Green P, Abrahamson J, Barlow A, Daly MJ, Lincoln SE, Newburg L (1987) Mapmaker: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps for experimental and natural populations. Genomics 1:174–181

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Messeguer R, Ganal M, de Vicente MC, Yound ND, Bolkan H, Tanksley SD (1991) High-resolution RFLP map around the root knot nematode resistance gene (Mi) in tomato. Theor Appl Genet 82:529–536

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton NE (1955) Sequential tests for the detection of linkage. Am J Hum Genet 7:277–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiter RS, Williams JGK, Feldmann KA, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV, Scolnik PA (1992) Global and local genome mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana by using recombinant inbred lines and random amplified polymorphic DNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:1477–1481

    Google Scholar 

  • Risch N (1992) Genetic linkage: interpreting lod scores. Science 255:803–804

    Google Scholar 

  • Slocum MK, Figdore SS, Kennard WC, Suzuki JY, Osborn TC (1990) Linkage arrangement of restriction fragment length polymorphism loci in Brassica oleracea. Theor Appl Genet 80:57–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanksley SD, Rick CM (1980) Isozymic gene linkage map of the tomato: applications in genetics and breeding. Theor Appl Genet 57:161–170

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by P. M. A. Tigerstedt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gerber, S., Rodolphe, F. Estimation and test for linkage between markers: a comparison of lod score and χ 2 test in a linkage study of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Theoret. Appl. Genetics 88, 293–297 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223635

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223635

Key words

Navigation