Summary
The glandular lobe of the corpus cardiacum (CC) of Locusta migratoria contains secretory cells and axon terminals. It is generally accepted that the glandular cells produce an adipokinetic hormone which stimulates the release of diglycerides from the fat body. The axon terminals are supposed to be involved in the regulation of the secretory activity of these cells.
CC were transplanted into locust hosts. The secretory activity of the glandular cells and axons was studied in the transplants as well as the intact host CC. Quantitative electron microscopical examination of the glandular cells of the CC in animals both at rest and after flight shows that only in the host CC the secretory activity of the glandular cells is stimulated by flight, as indicated by an increase in the activity of the Golgi zones and in the number of exocytotic pits. In the axon terminals release of secretory products, indicated by synaptic vesicles and membrane indentations, is reduced as a result of the transplantation. It is concluded that the glandular cells need excitatory input from outside the CC for stimulation of their secretory activity.
Furthermore, it is proposed that the transplanted glandular cells decrease the level of activity of the intact host cells by way of a negative feedback mechanism.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beenakkers, A.M.Th.: The influence of corpus allatum and corpus cardiacum in lipid metabolism in Locusta migratoria. Gen. comp. Endocr. 13, Abstract 12 (1969)
Beenakkers, A.M.Th.: Influence of flight on lipid metabolism in Locusta migratoria. Insect Biochem. 3, 303–308 (1973)
Brehelin, M., Hoffmann, J.H., Matz, G., Porte, A.: Encapsulation of implanted foreign bodies by hemocytes in Locusta migratoria and Melolontha melolontha. Cell Tiss. Res. 160, 283–389 (1975)
Douglas, W.W.: How do neurones secrete peptides? Exocytosis and its consequences, including “synaptic vesicle” formation, in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. Progr. Brain Res. 39, 21–40 (1973)
Gersch, M.: Selektive Freisetzung des hyperglykämischen Faktors aus den Corpora cardiaca von Periplaneta americana in vivo. Experientia 30, 767 (1974)
Gersch, M.: Control of circadian rhythm of the trehalose concentration in the hemolymph of Periplaneta americana. Zool. Jb. Physiol. 80, 1–15 (1976)
Gersch, M, Richter, K., Böhm, B.-A., Stürzebecher, J.: Selektive Ausschüttung von Neurohormonen nach elektrischer Reizung der Corpora cardiaca von Periplaneta americana in vitro. J. Insect Physiol. 16, 1991–2013 (1970)
Goldsworthy, G.J., Mordue, W.: Neurosecretory hormones in insects. J. Endocr. 60, 529–558 (1974)
Goldsworthy, G.J., Mordue, W., Gutkelch, J.: Studies on insect adipokinetic hormones. Gen. comp. Endocr. 18, 545–551 (1972b)
Goldsworthy, G.J., Johnson, R.A., Mordue, W.: In vivo studies on the release of hormones from the corpora cardiaca of locusts. J. comp. Physiol. 79, 85–96 (1972a)
Heuser, J.E., Reese, T.S.: Evidence for recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane during transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. J. Cell Biol. 57, 315–345 (1973)
Houben, N. M.D.: Regulation of substrate transport during flight of the migratory locust. Ph. D. Thesis, Utrecht (1976)
Kater, S.B.: Cardioaccelerator release in Periplaneta americana (L.). Science 160, 765–767 (1968)
Lafon-Cazal, M.: Présence de grains denses ergastoplasmiques dans les cellules glandulaires des corpora cardiaca de criquets. J. Microsc. Biol. Cell. 23, 113–116 (1975)
Mayer, R.J., Candy, D.J.: Control of hemolymph lipid concentration during locust flight. An adipokinetic hormone from the corpora cardiaca. J. Insect Physiol. 15, 611–620 (1969a).
Mayer, R.J., Candy, DJ.: Changes in energy reserves during flight of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 31, 409–418 (1969b)
Nappi, A.J.: Parasite encapsulation in insects. In: Invertebrate immunity (eds. Morosh K., Shope R.E.), pp. 239–327. New York: Acad. Press 1975
Nordlander, R.H., Singer, M.: Electron microscopy of severed motor fibers in the crayfish. Z. Zellforsch. 126, 157–181 (1972)
Normann, T.C.: The mechanism of hormone release from neurosecretory axon endings in the insect Calliphora erythrocephala. In: Aspects of neuroendocrinology, pp. 30–42 (eds. Bargmann, W., Scharrer, B.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1970
Normann, T.C., Duve, H.: Experimentally induced release of a neurohormone influencing hemolymph trehalose level in Calliphora erythrocephala (Diptera). Gen. comp. Endocr. 12, 449–459 (1969)
Rademakers, L.H.P.M., Beenakkers, A.M.Th.: Changes in the secretory activity of glandular lobe of the corpus cardiacum of Locusta migratoria induced by flight. A quantitative electron microscopical study. Cell Tiss. Res., 180, 155–171 (1977)
Reynolds, E.S.: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208–212 (1963)
Richardson, K.C., Jarret, L., Finke, E.H.: Embedding in epoxy resins for ultrathin sectioning in electron microscopy. Stain Technol. 35, 313–323 (1960)
Robinson, N.L., Goldsworthy, G.J.: Adipokinetic hormone and flight metabolism in the locust. J. Insect Physiol. 22, 1559–1564 (1976)
Roubos, E.W.: Regulation of neurosecretory activity in the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). A quantitative electron microscopical study. Z. Zellforsch. 146, 177–205 (1973)
Salt, G.: The cellular defense reactions of insects, pp. 60–61. Cambridge: University Press 1970
Scott, M.T.: Recognition of foreignness in invertebrates. Transplantation 11, 78–86 (1971)
Steele, J.E.: Occurrence of a hyperglycemic factor in the corpus cardiacum of an insect. Nature (Lond.) 192, 680–681 (1961)
Vjeberg, K., Normann, T.C.: Secretion of a hyperglycemic hormone from the corpus cardiacum of flying blowflies, Calliphora erythrocephala. J. Insect Physiol. 20, 1189–1192 (1974)
Wendelaar Bonga, S.E.: Formation, storage, and release of neurosecretory material studied by quantitative electron microscopy in the fresh water snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). Z. Zellforsch. 113, 490–517 (1971)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Send offprint request to: Dr. A.M.Th. Beenakkers, Laboratory of Chemical Animal Physiology, State University of Utrecht, Transitorium III, Padualaan 8, Utrecht-2506, The Netherlands
The investigations were supported by the Foundation for Fundamental Biological Research (BION), which is subsidized by the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (ZWO). The study was performed at the EM-unit of the Faculty of Biology, State University of Utrecht (Director Prof. Dr. J.C. v.d. Kamer)
The author is greatly indebted to Dr. A.M.Th. Beenakkers and Dr. H.H. Boer for their stimulating interest and valuable criticism during the experimental period and for their participation in the preparation of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Dr. E.W. Roubos for helpful discussions, to Ir. J.J. Bezem for statistical advise and to Mr. L.W. van Veenendaal for preparing the illustrations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rademakers, L.H.P.M. Effects of isolation and transplantation of the corpus cardiacum on hormone release from its glandular cells after flight in Locusta migratoria . Cell Tissue Res. 184, 213–224 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223069
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223069