Abstract
Restriction fragment analysis was conducted to determine interspecific chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation and genetic relationships among Populus deltoides, P. nigra, P. x canadensis (P. deltoides x P. nigra), and P. maximowiczii. Total cellular DNAs of these poplars were digested with 16 restriction endonucleases, and Southern blots of the restriction digests were probed with six different cloned cpDNA fragments from Petunia. P. deltoides, P. nigra, and P. maximowiczii each had a distinct chloroplast genome, separated by many restriction-site and restriction-fragment-length mutations, predominantly in the large single-copy region of the genome. P. x canadensis shared the same cpDNA restriction fragment patterns as P. deltoides var. deltoides. P. nigra was most diverged from P. deltoides, and P. deltoides showed close cpDNA relationships to P. maximowiczii. Nucleotide substitutions per site in cpDNA were 0.0036 between P. deltoides and P. maximowiczii, 0.0071 between P. nigra and P. maximowiczii, and 0.0077 between P. deltoides and P. nigra. We suggest that P. nigra should be classified in a new separate section, the Nigrae.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barrett JW, Rajora OP, Yeh FCH, Dancik BP, Strobeck C (1993) Mitochondrial DNA variation and genetic relationships of Populus species. Genome 36:87–93
Brunsfeld SJ, Soltis DE, Soltis PS (1992) Evolutionary patterns and processes in Salix sect. Longifoliae: evidence from chloroplast DNA. Systematic Bot 17:239–256
Clegg MT, Zurawski G (1992) Chloroplast DNA and the study of plant phylogeny: present status and future prospects. In: Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Doyle JJ (eds) Molecular systematics of plants. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 1–13
Crawford DJ (1990) Plant molecular systematics. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Dickmann DI, Stuart KW (1983) The culture of poplars in eastern North America. Michigan State University, East Lansing
Eckenwalder JE (1977) Systematics of Populus L. (Salicaceae) in southwestern North America with special reference to sect. Aigeiros Duby. PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley, California
FAO (1958) Poplars in forestry and land use. FAO Forestry and Forest Products Studies No. 12. FAO, Rome, Italy
FAO (1979) Poplars and willows in wood production and land use. FAO Forestry Series 10. FAO, Rome, Italy
Nei (1987) Molecular evolutionary genetics. Columbia University Press, New York
Palmer JD (1987) Chloroplast DNA evolution and biosystematic uses of chloroplast DNA variation. Am Nat 130:S6-S29
Palmer JD (1990) Contrasting modes and tempos of genome evolution in land-plant organelles. Trends Genet 6:115–120
Palmer JD, Shields CR, Cohen DB, Orton TJ (1983) Chloroplast DNA evolution and origin of amphidiploid Brassica species. Theor Appl Genet 65:181–189
Palmer JD, Jansen RK, Michaels HJ, Chase MW, Manhart JR (1988) Chloroplast DNA variation and plant phylogeny. Ann Mis Bot Gard 75:1180–1206
Rajora OP (1986) Studies on genetics and relationships of Populus deltoides Marsh, P. nigra L., and P. maximowiczii Henry using isozymes, pollen competition and leaf morphology. PhD thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Rajora OP (1989) Pollen competition among Populus deltoides Marsh, P. nigra L., and P. maximowiczii Henry in fertilizing P. deltoides ovules and siring its seed crop. Sex Plant Reprod 2:90–96
Rajora OP (1990) Marker allozyme genes and alleles for differentiation of Populus deltoides, P. nigra, P. maximowiczii, and their interspecific hybrids. Can J Bot 68:990–998
Rajora OP, Dancik BP (1992) Chloroplast DNA inheritance in Populus. Theor Appl Genet 84:280–285
Rajora OP, Dancik BP (1994a) Chloroplast DNA variation in Populus. I. Intraspecific restriction-fragment diversity within Populus deltoides, P. nigra, and P. maximowiczii. Theor Appl Genet 90:317–323
Rajora OP, Dancik BP (1994b) Chloroplast DNA variation in Populus. III. Novel chloroplast DNA variants in natural Populus x canadensis hybrids. Theor Appl Genet 90:331–334
Rajora OP, Zsuffa L (1989) Multilocus genetic structure, characterization and relationships of Populus x canadensis cultivars. Genome 32:99–108
Rajora OP, Zsuffa L (1990) Allozyme divergence and evolutionary relationships among Populus deltoides, P. nigra, and P. maximowiczii. Genome 33:44–49
Rajora, OP, Barrett JW, Dancik, BP, Strobeck, C (1992) Maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA in interspecific hybrids of Populus. Curr Genet 22:141–145
Smith RL, Sytsma KJ (1990) Evolution of Populus nigra (sect. Aigeiros): introgressive hybridization and the chloroplast contribution of Populus alba (sect. Populus). Am J Bot 77:1176–1187
Sneath PHA, Sokal RR (1973) Numerical taxonomy. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco
Strauss SH, Bousquet J, Hipkings VD, Hong Y-P (1992) Biochemical and molecular genetic markers in biosystematic studies of forest trees. New Forests 6:125–158
Wagner DB (1992) Nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms as biochemical markers in population genetic analyses of forest trees. New Forests 6:373–390
Wolfe KH, Li W-H, Sharp PM (1987) Rates of nucleotide substitutions vary greatly among plant mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear DNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9054–9058
Zsuffa L (1975) A summary review of interspecific breeding in the genus Populus L. In: Fowler DP, Yeatman CW (eds.) Proc 14th Meet Can Tree Improvement Assoc Part 2. Canadian Forestry Service, Ottawa, Ontario, pp 107–123
Zurawski G, Clegg MT (1987) Evolution of higher-plant chloroplast DNA-encoded genes: implications for structure-function and phylogenetic studies. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 38:391–418
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by H. F. Linskens
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rajora, O.P., Dancik, B.P. Chloroplast DNA variation in Populus. II. Interspecific restriction fragment polymorphisms and genetic relationships among Populus deltoides, P. nigra, P. maximowiczii, and P. x canadensis . Theoret. Appl. Genetics 90, 324–330 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221972
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221972