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Enveloping layer and periderm of the trout embryo (Salmo trutta fario L.)

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Summary

The origin of periderm and epidermis has been studied in trout embryos from stage 20 (2 days after fertilization at 10° C) to hatching (stage 410).

Between stages 20 and 50, the blastodisc consists of an inner mass of blastomeres covered by a superficial layer of closely packed blastomeres, the peripheral layer. This layer gives rise to both peripheral cells and to cells joining the inner mass of blastomeres.

Between stages 50 and 110, junctions differentiate between peripheral cells. This newly formed superficial epithelium, the enveloping layer, no longer gives rise to inward migrating cells.

From stage 110 on, a basement membrane differentiates beneath a one-cell thick subperipheral layer, which thus becomes the ectodermal basal layer, the prospective epidermal basal layer.

From these and ultrastructural observations, it is concluded that 1) the epidermis apparently originates, at least in part, from the peripheral cells, between stages 20 and 50; 2) the periderm assumes a protective function over the body of the embryo and also a secretory function over the yolk sac (probably producing the hatching enzymes); 3) the periderm, which is a temporary structure, appears to play the role of an embryonic membrane in teleosts.

Résumé

L'origine du péridermet de l'épiderme a été étudiée chez l'embryon de truite du stade 20 (2 jours après la fécondation, à 10° C) à l'éclosion (stade 410).

Entre les stades 20 et 50, le blastodisque de truite est composé d'un massif de blastomeres recouvert par une couche de blastomeres serrés les uns contre les autres appelée la couche périphérique. Cette couche périphérique donne naissance à des cellules qui restent dans cette couche mais aussi à des cellules qui rejoignent le massif de blastomères internes.

Entre les stades 50 et 110, les cellules de la couche superficielle contractent entre elles des liaisons de plus en plus étroites (zonulae adhaerentes) et ne donnent plus naissance à des cellules qui migrent en profondeur. On désigne cette formation sous le terme de couche enveloppante.

A partir du stade 110, une lame basale existe au-dessous de la couche de cellules située immédiatement au-dessous de la couche périphérique. A partir de ce stade on peut désigner par périderme et épiderme ces deux couches. L'ensemble de ces observations permet d'aboutir aux conclusions suivantes:

L'épiderme pourrait tirer son origine des cellules périphériques, entre les stades 20 et 50.

Le périderme a une fonction protectrice au niveau du corps de l'embryon mais également une fonction sécrétrice au niveau de la vésicule vitelline (produisant les enzymes de l'éclosion).

Enfin le périderme, formation temporaire, apparaît comme une véritable annexe embryonnaire, propre aux Téléostéens.

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I am very grateful to Professor Ph. Sengel for critical reading of the manuscript and for linguistic assistance.

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Bouvet, J. Enveloping layer and periderm of the trout embryo (Salmo trutta fario L.). Cell Tissue Res. 170, 367–382 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00219418

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00219418

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