Abstract
The relationships of type Pi (broadband) pulsations to various other substorm-related phenomena are reviewed. Several of the more popular mechanisms for the origin of Pi activity are discussed in the light of the observations. There is only one mechanism in sight that tentatively accounts for observed characteristics of Pi 1–2 activity at auroral oval and polar cap latitudes and that is the three-dimensional current loop mechanism. If two or more mechanisms are involved in the generation of Pi noise, then it is possible that the garden-hose overstability and/or a drift Alfvén wave mechanism operating in the plasma sheet contribute to the observed pulsations.
The common feature of all Pi 1–2 events is not the presence of temporal precipitation pulsations but the presence of an E-region, suggesting that enhanced conductivity and E-region currents are required. Pi activity appears to be closely related to unsteady convection in progress. Pi data promise to provide useful information on convection and field-aligned and ionospheric currents.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akasofu, S.-I.: 1968, Polar and Magnetospheric Substorms, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.
Akasofu, S.-I.: 1977, Physics of Magnetospheric Substorms, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.
Anderson, H. R. and Vondrak, R. R.: 1975, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 13, 243.
Arthur, C. W. and McPherron, R. L.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 4621.
Arthur, C. W. and McPherron, R. L.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 2859.
Arthur, C. W., McPherron, R. L., and Coleman, Jr., P. J.: 1973, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 8180.
Atkinson, G.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 5373.
Balsley, B. B., Ecklund, W. L., Carter, D. A., and Johnston, P. E.: 1979, Geophys. Res. Letters 6, 921.
Banks, P. M.: 1979, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 6709.
Boström, R.: 1972, in E. R. Dyer (ed.), Inter-Union Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, p. 139.
Brown, N. B., Davis, T. N., Hallinan, T. J., and Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.: 1976, Geophysical Res. Letters 3, 403.
Campbell, W. H.: 1967, in S. Matsushita and W. H. Campbell (eds.), Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena, pp.821–909.
Campbell, W. H.: 1969, Radio Sci. 4, 859.
Campbell, W. H.: 1970, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 6182.
Campbell, W. H.: 1978, J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 30, 315.
Campbell, W. H. and Leinbach, H.: 1961, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 25.
Campbell, W. H. and Matsushita, S.: 1962, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 555.
Campbell, W. H. and Rees, M. H.: 1961, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 41.
Chance, M. S., Coroniti, F. V., and Kennel, C. F.: 1973, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 7521.
Chang, R. P. H. and Lanzerotti, L. J.: 1975, Geophys. Res. Letters 2, 489.
Chao, J. K. and Heacock, R. R.: 1980, Planetary Space Sci. 28, 475.
Chen, L. and Hasegawa, A.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1024.
Coroniti, F. V. and Kennel, C. F.: 1970a, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 1863.
Coroniti, F. V. and Kennel, C. F.: 1970b, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 1279.
Coroniti, F. V. and Kennel, C. F.: 1973, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2837.
Davis, T. N.: 1978a, Space Sci. Rev. 22, 77.
Davis, T. N.: 1978b, J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 30, 371.
de la Beaujardiere, O., Vondrak, R., and Baron, M.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 5051.
Dobrowolny, M.: 1972, Phys. Fluids 15, 2263.
Doobov, A. L. and Mainstone, J. S.: 1973, Planetary Space Sci. 21, 731.
Doupnik, J. R., Brekke, A., and Banks, P. M.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 499.
Eather, R. H., Mende, S. B., and Weber, E. J.: 1979, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 3339.
Field, E. C. and Greifinger, C.: 1965, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 4885.
Gendrin, R.: 1970, Space Sci. Rev. 11, 54.
Greenwald, R. A., Weiss, W., Nielsen, E., and Thomson, N. R.: 1978, Radio Sci. 13, 1021.
Gurnett, D. A. and Frank, L. A.: 1973, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 145.
Hallinan, T. J.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 3959.
Heacock, R. R.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 3905.
Heacock, R. R.: 1980, Planetary Space Sci. 28, in press.
Heacock, R. R. and Hunsucker, R. D.: 1977a, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 39, 487.
Heacock, R. R. and Hunsucker, R. D.: 1977b, Nature 269 (5625), 313.
Heacock, R. R. and Chao, J. K.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 1203.
Heacock, R. R., Hessler, V. P., Sucksdorff, C., Kivinen, M., and Kataja, E.: 1968, Nature 217 (5124), 155.
Heppner, J. P.: 1972, Planetary Space Sci. 20, 1475.
Hessler, V. P., Heacock, R. R. Olesen, J., Sucksdorff, C., and Kangas, J.: in V. P. Hessler and V. A. Troitskaya (eds)., Polar Micropulsations, Report No. UAG R-220, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
Holzer, T. E. and Reid, G. C.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2041.
Hughes, W. J.: 1974, Planetary Space Sci. 22, 1157.
Hunsucker, R. D.: 1974, Radio Sci. 9, 335.
Jacobs, J. A.: 1970, Geomagnetic Micropulsations of Physics and Chemistry in Space 1.
Johnson, F. S.: 1978, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 16, 161.
Johnstone, A. D.: 1978, Nature 274, 119.
Kamide, Y. and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 3585.
Kamide, Y. and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 3999.
Kan, J. R.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2089.
Kan, J. R. and Heacock, R. R.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 2371.
Kan, J. R. and Lee, L. C.: 1980, to appear in Geophys. Res. Letters.
Kangas, J.: 1968, Ann. Geophys. 24, 147.
Lanzerotti, L. J., Fukunishi, H., Maclennan, C. G., and Cahill, Jr., L. J.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 4537.
Lanzerotti, L. J., Maclennan, C. G., and Evans, C.: 1978, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 2525.
Leadabrand, R. L., Baron, M. T., Petrickes, T., and Bates, H. F.: 1972, Radio Sci. 7, 747.
Lee, L. C. and Kan, J. R.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 37.
McPherron, R. L.: 1979, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 17, 657.
McPherron, R. L., Parks, G. K., Coroniti, F. V., and Ward, S. H.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 1697.
Maehlum, B. N. and O'Brien, B. J.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 1679.
Maltsev, Yu. P., Leontyev, S. V., and Lyatsky, W. B.: 1974, Planetary Space Sci. 22, 1519.
Maynard, N. C.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4620.
Nishida, A.: 1964, J. Geophys. Res. 69, 947.
Nishida, A.: 1978, Geomagnetic Diagnosis of the Magnetosphere of Physics and Chemistry in Space 9.
Olson, J. V. and Rostoker, G.: 1975, Planetary Space Sci. 23, 1129.
Olson, J. V. and Rostoker, G.: 1977, Planetary Space Sci. 25, 663.
Omholt, A.: 1971, The Optical Aurora, 198 pp.
Parks, G. K., Coroniti, F. V., McPherron, R. L., and Anderson, K. A.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 1685.
Reid, J. S.: 1976, Planetary Space Sci. 24, 705.
Reid, G. C. and Holzer, T. E.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2050.
Roble, R. G. and Rees, M. H.: 1977, Planetary Space Sci. 25, 991.
Rooney, W. J.: 1934, Terr. Mag. 39, 103.
Rooney, W. J. and Sherman, K. L.: 1934, Terr. Mag. 39, 187.
Rostoker, G. and Boström, R.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 235.
Rostoker, G., and Lam, H.-L.: 1978, Planetary Space Sci. 26, 493.
Rostoker, G. and Olson, J. V.: 1978, J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 30, 135.
Røyrvik, O. and Davis, T. N.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 4720.
Saflekos, N. A. and Potemra, T. A.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 1987.
Sato, T. and Iijima, T.: 1979, Space Sci. Rev. 24, 347.
Saito, T.: 1969, Space Sci. Rev. 10, 319.
Saito, T., Sakurai, T., and Koyama, Y.: 1976, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 38, 1265.
Stiles, G. S., Foster, J. C., and Doupnik, J. R.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 1223.
Troitskaya, V. A.: 1961, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 5.
Troitskaya, V. A., Bolshakova, O. V., and Hessler, V. P.: 1972, in V. P. Hessler and V. A. Troitskaya (eds.), Polar Micropulsations, Report No. UAG R-220, Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, pp. 53–83.
Troshichev, O. A., Dmitrieva, N. P., and Kuzmetsov, B. M.: 1979, Planetary Space Sci. 27, 217.
Vallance Jones, A.: 1974, Aurora, 301 pp.
Wescott, E. M., Stolarik, J. D., and Heppner, J. P.: 1969, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 3469.
Wescott, E. M., Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C., Davis, T. N., and Murcray, W. B.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 951.
Wilhelm, K., Münch, J. W., and Kremser, G.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2705.
Wilson, C. R., Hunsucker, R. D., and Romick, G. J.: 1976, Planetary Space Sci. 24, 1155.
Wright, J. W. and Pitteway, M. L. V.: 1979, Radio Sci. 14, 827.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Heacock, R.R., Hunsucker, R.D. Type Pi 1–2 magnetic field pulsations. Space Sci Rev 28, 191–221 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00218811
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00218811