Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) frequently occurs in diarrheal disease afflicting domestic animals. In this paper is summarized the research carried out over the last decade on the two important determinants of virulence that play a role in the development of the infection, namely the colonizing ability of the small intestine mediated by specific fimbrial adhesins acting as lectins and the production of enterotoxins. Recent progress in knowledge of the phenomenon led to alternative strategies of prevention and pure of enteric infection. Since bacterial recognition of mucosa surface receptors in an initial event in colonization, several approaches based on the competitive inhibition of ETEC adhesion have been developed. This review examines the following approaches: competitive colonization with non pathogenic strains, design of adhesin or toxin vaccines, receptor analog therapy and methods for in vivo suppression of virulence factors.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
AbrahamS. and E.Beachey. (1987). Assembly of a chemical synthesized peptide of Escherichia coli Type 1 Embriae into fimbriae-like antigenic structures. Infect. Immun., 169: 2460–2465.
AbsolomD. (1988). The role of bacterial hydrophobicity in infection: bacterial adhesion and phagocytic ingestion. Can J. Microbiol., 34: 287–298.
AcresS. (1985). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in newborn calves: a review. J. Dairy Sci., 68: 229–256.
AndersonD. and MoseleyS. (1988). Escherichia coli F41 adhesin: genetic organization, nucleotide sequence and homology with the K88 determinant. J. Bacteriol., 170: 4890–4896.
AndersonD., TuckerE., PowellJ. and PorterP. (1987). Bovine monoclonal antibodies to the F5 (K99) pilus antigen of Escherichia coli produced by murine-bovine hybridomas. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 15: 223–238.
AnderssonB., PorrasO., HansonL., LagergardT. and Svanborg-EdénC. (1986). Inhibition of attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by human milk and receptor oligosaccharides. J. Infect. Dis., 153: 232–237.
AtroshiF., AlaviuhkolaT., SchildtR. and SandholmM. (1983). Fat globule membrane of sow milk as a target for adhesion of K88-positive Escherichia coli. Comp. Immun. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 6: 325–245.
AvilaF., AvilaS., Schocken-IturrinoR. and MarquesM. (1986). Evidence of pili K88 and K99 as protecting antigens: immunization against enteric swine colibacillosis by sow vaccination. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop., 39: 293–296.
BakkerD., vanZijderveldF., van derVeenS., OudegaB. and deGraafK. (1990). K88 fimbriae as carriers of heterologous antigenic determinants. Microb. Pathog., 8: 343–352.
Bellamy J. (1978). Phagocytosis of bacteria on the intestinal mucosal surface. Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Neonatal Diarrhea. Acres S.- ed., Saskatoon, Vet. Infect. Disease Org, pp. l465–474.
BennunF, RothG., MonferranC. and CumarF. (1989). Binding of cholera toxin to pig intestinal mucosa glycosphingolipids: relationship with ABO blood group system. Infect. Immun., 57: 969–974.
BijlsmaI., DeNijsA., Van DerMeerC. and FrikJ. (1982). Different pig phenotypes affect adherence of Escherichia coli to jejunal brush borders by K88ab, K88ac or K88ad antigen. Infect. Immun., 37: 891–894.
BijlsmaI. and FrikJ. (1987). Haemagglutination patterns of the different variants of Escherichia coli K88 antigen with porcine, bovine, guinea pig, chicken, ovine and equine erythrocytes. Res. Vet. Sc., 43: 122–123.
BroesA., FairbrotherJ., MainilJ., HarelJ. and LarivièreS. (1988). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli serotype 08: KX 105 and 08: K″2829″ strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea. J. Clin. Microbiol., 26: 2402–2409.
BrooksD., CavanaghJ., JayroeD., JanzenJ., SnoekR. and TrustT. (1989). Involvment of the MN blood group in shear-enhanced hemagglutination induced by the Escherichia coli F41 adhesin. Infect. Immun., 57: 377–383.
BrownA., ShieldsT., PeetzR., MellencampM. and BeckenhauerW. (1986). An enzyme immunoassay for measuring Escherichia coli pilus antigens. Develop. Biol. Standard, 64: 53–61.
BywaterR. and NewsomeP. (1982). Diarrhea, topics in drug therapy. J. Am. Vet. Assoc., 181: 13–15.
ChappuisJP., Duval-IflahY., DucluzeauR. and RaibaudP. (1985). Resistance of gnotobiotic Large White and Chinese piglets to in vivo attachment of a K88ab enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain. Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop., 25: 49–60.
ChengK. and CostertonJ. (1986). Microbial adhesion and colonization within the digestive tract. Soc. Appl. Bacteriol. Symp. Series, 13: 239–261.
ChiaradaV., PascoliL., MucignatG., BeduzR., DeCalV. and SantiniG. (1987). Patterns of haemagglutinating activity of Escherichia coli. Microbiologica, 10: 325–330.
ClementsJ. (1990), Construction of a nontoxic fusion peptide for immunization against Escherichia coli strains that produce heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins. Infect. Immun., 58: 1159–1166.
CohenM., ThompsonM., OvermannG. and GianellaR. (1987). Association and dissociation of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin from rat brush border membrane receptors. Infect. Immun., 55: 329–334.
ContrepoisM., FairbrotherJ., KauraY. and GirardeauJP. (19890). Prevalence of CS31A and F165 surface antigens in Escherichia coli in France, Canada and India. FEMS Lett., 59: 319–324.
ContrepoisM. and GirardeauJP. (1985). Additive protection effects of colostral antipili antibodies in calves experimentally infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 50: 947–949.
CostertonJ., ChengK. and RozeeK. (1984). The association of microorganisms with the tissues and the mucus “blanket” of the gastrointestinal system. In: Attachment of organisms to the gut mucosa. E. Boedecker - ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida pp. 189–327.
CoxE. and HouvenaghelA. (1987). In vitro adhesion of K88ab-, K88ac- and K88ad-positive Escherichia coli to intestinal villi, to buccal cells and to erythrocytes of weaned piglets. Vet. Microbiol., 15: 201–207.
DeanA., ChingC., WilliamsR. and HardenL. (1982). Test for Escherichia coli enterotoxin using infant mice: application in a study of diarrhea in Honolulu. J. Infect. Dis., 125: 407–411.
DeanE., WhippS. and MoonHW. (1989). Age-specific colonization of porcine intestinal epithelium by 987P piliated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 57: 82–87.
DeGraafFK (1988). Fimbrial structures of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Antonie van Leeuwennock, S4: 395–404.
DeGraafFK. and MooiF. (1986). The fimbrial adhesins of Escherichia coli. Adv. Microbiol. Physiol., 28: 65–143.
DenekeC., ThorneG., LarsonA. and GordbachS. (1985). Effects of tetracycline on the attachment of K88+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to porcine small intestine cells. J. Infect. Dis., 152: 1032–1036.
DeRyckeJ., GuillotJ. and BoivinR. (1987). Cytotoxins in non-enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of diarrheic calves. Vet. Microbiol., 15: 137–150.
Dias deSilveiraW., YanoT., deAzevedoJ. and deCastroA. (1987). Plasmid-mediated production of a new colonization factor (F42) in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Rev. Brasil. Genet., 4: 635–646.
DouganG. and MorrisseyP. (1985). Molecular analysis of the virulence determinants of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from domestic animals: applications for vaccine developments. Vet. Microbiol., 10: 241–257.
Duchet-SuchauxM. (1988). Protective antigens against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli OE 101: K99, F41 in the infant mouse diarrhea model. Infect. Immun., 56: 1364–1370.
Duval-IflahY. et ChappuisJP. (1984). Entéropathogénicité de differentes souches de Escherichia coli chez le porcelet gnotoxénique. In: La diarrhée du jeune, 121, INSERM, Paris, pp. 167–176.
EisensteinB. (1988). Type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli: genetic regulation, morphogenesis, and role in pathogenesis. Rev. Infect. Dis., 10: S341-S344.
EvansDJ., EvansDG. and DuPontH. (1979). Heamagglutination patterns of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli determined with human, bovine, chicken and guineapig eryhtrocytes in the presence and absence of mannose. Infect. Immun., 23: 336–340.
FairbrotherJ., LariviereS. and LallierR. (1986). New fimbrial antigen F 165 from Escherichia coli serogroup 0 115 strain isolated from piglets with diarrhea. Infect. Immun., 51: 10–15.
FourniatJ., DjaballiZ., MaccarioJ., BourliouxP. and GermanA. (1986). Influence de l'administration de Lactobacillus acidophilus tués sur la survie de souriceaux infectés avec une souche de Escherichia coli entérotoxinogène. Ann. Vet., 17: 401–407.
FrancisD.H., AllenS. and WhiteR. (1989). Influence of bovine intestinal fluid on the expression of K99 pili by Escherichia coli. Am. J. Vet. Res., 50: 822–826.
FrantzJ., BhatnagarP., Brown A., Garrett L. and HughesJ. (1987). Investigation of synthetic Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin as an immunogen for swine and cattle. Infect. Immun., 55: 1077–1084.
FrantzJ. and MellecampM. (1984). Production and testing of Escherichia coli (LTB) toxoid. In: Proc. Fourth Int. Symp. Neonatal diarrhea. Acres S. - ed. VIDO Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, pp. 500–517.
FreterR. (1980). Association of enterotoxigenic bacteria with the mucosa of the small intestine: mechanisms and pathogenic implications p 155–170. Cholera Related Diarrheas 43rd Nobel Symp. Stockholm, 1978. Karger, Basel, pp. 155–170.
FukutaS., MagnaniJ., TwiddyE., HolmesR. and GinsburgV. (1988). Comparison of the carbohydrate-binding specificities of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins LTh-I, LT-IIa and LT-IIb. Infect. Immun., 56: 1748–1753.
FurerJ., CryzS., DornerF. and GermanierR. (1983). Protection of neonatal piglets against colibacillosis by immunization of dams with procholeragenoid. In: Advances in research of cholera and related diarrhea. Kuwahara S. and Pierce N. - eds. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, pp. 29–33.
GaastraW. and deGraafF. (1982). Host-specific fimbrial adhesins of noninvasive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. Microbiol. Rev., 46: 129–161.
GiampapaC., AbrahamS., ChiangT. and BeacheyE. (1988). Isolation and characterization of a receptor for type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli from pig enterocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 263: 5362–5367.
GiannellaR., DrakeK. and LuttrellM. (1981). Development of a radioimmunoassay for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin: comparison with the suckling mouse bioassay. Infect. Immun., 33: 186–192.
GirardeauJ.P., DerVartanianM., OllierJ. and ContrepoisM. (1988). CS31A, a new K88-related fimbriae antigen on bovine enterotoxigenic and septicemic Escherichia coli, strains. Infect. Immun., 56: 2180–2188.
GirardeauJP., DubourguierM.etContrepoisM. (1980). Attachement des Escherichia coli entéropathogènes à la muqueuse intestinale. Bull. Group. Technol. Vet., 80–4 B 190: 49–59.
GonzalesE. and BlancoJ. (1989). Serotypes and antibioresistance of verotoxigenic (VTCE) and necrotizing (NTEC) Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves with diarrhea. FEMS Microbiol. Lett.,60: 31–36.
GöranssonM., ForsmanK. and UhlinB. (1989). Regulatory genes in the thermoregulation of Escherichia coli pili gene transcription. Genes Dev., 3: 123–130.
GoyalJ., GangulyN., GargU. and WaliaB. (1990). Differences between the mechanisms of action of heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 66: 169–174.
GrossR. and RoweB. (1985). Escherichia coli diarrhoea. J. Hyg. Camb., 95: 531–550.
GylesC. and MaasK. (1987). Recombinant DNA technology and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccines. Prog. Vet. Microbiol. Immunol., 3: 139–158.
HandlC., RönnbergB., NilssonB., OlssonE., JonssonH. and FlockJ. (1988). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin type II. J. Clin. Microbiol., 26: 1555–1560.
HanssonG., KarlssonK., LarsonG., GlassR., HolmgrenJ., HaleyC., KhanM., SvennerholmAM., StollB., Belayet HossainK., BlackR., YunusM. and BaruaD. (1985). Predisposition for cholera of individuals with O blood group. Am. J. Epidemiol., 121: 791–796.
HolmgrenJ., SvennerholmAM. and LindbladM. (1983). Receptor-like glyco-compounds in human milk that inhibit classical and E1 Tor Vibrio cholerae adherence (hemagglutination). Infect. Immun., 39: 147–154.
IvensK., GazzanoH., OhanleyP. and WaldmanS. (1990). Heterogeneity of intestinal receptors for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. Infect. Immun., 58: 1817–1820.
JacobsA., SimonsB. and deGraafFK. (1987). The role of lysine-132 and arginine-136 in the receptor-binding domain of the K99 fibrillar subunit. EMBO J., 6: 1805–1808.
JacobsA., VenemaJ., LeevanR., vanPelt-Heers-ChapH. and deGraafFK. (1987). Inhibition of adhesive activity of K88 fibrillae by peptides derived from the K88 adhesin. J. Bacteriol., 169: 735–741.
JannK and JannB. (1985). Cell surface components and virulence: Escherichia coli O and K antigens in relation to virulence and pathogenicity p. 157–176 In: Virulence of Escherichia coli. M. Sussman, Academic Press, London.
JonesGW and IsaacsonR. (1983). Protemacous bacterial adhesins and their receptors. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 10: 229–260.
JonesR., PhillipsR. and CleekJ. (1984). Hyperosmotic oral replacement fluid for diarrheic calves. J. Am. Vet. Res., 184: 1501–1505.
KarlssonKA. (1986). Animal glycolipids as attachment for microbes. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 42: 153–172.
KennanR. and MoncktonR. (1990). Adhesive fimbriae associated with porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of the 0141 serotype. J. Clin. Microbiol., 28: 2006–2011.
KiriiY., DanbaraH., KomaseK., AritaH. and YoshikawaM. (1987). Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by colony hybridization with biotinylated enterotoxin probes. J. Clin. Microbiol., 25: 1962–1965.
KlaasenP., WoodwardM., VanZijderveldF. and deGraafFK. (1990). The 987P gene cluster in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli contains STpa transposon that activates 987P expression. Infect. Immun., 58: 801–807.
KleinV., PawelzikM. and OpferkuchW. (1985). Influence of lactam antibiotics, fosfomycin and vasomycin on the adherence (hemagglutination) of Escherichia coli containing different adhesins. Chemotherapy, 31: 138–145.
KlemmP. (1985). Fimbrial adhesins of Escherichia coli. Rev. Infect. Dis., 7: 321–340.
KlemmP., KrogfeltK., HedegaardL. and ChristiansenG. (1990). The major subunit of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae is not required for D-mannose-specific adhesion. Mol. Microbiol., 4: 553–559.
KrogfeltK., MeldalM. and KlemmP. (1987). K88 fimbrial antigens: identification of antigenic determinants by the use of synthetic peptides. Microb. Pathog., 2: 465–472.
KrotkiewskiH. (1988). The structures of glycophorins of animal erythrocytes. Glycoconjugate J., 5: 35–48.
KyogashimaM., GinsburgV. and KrivanH. (1989). Escherichia coli K99 binds to N-glycolylsialoparagloboside and N-glycolyl GM3 found in piglet small intestine. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 270: 391–397.
LauxD., McSweeganE., WilliamsT., WadolkowskiE. and CohenP. (1986). Identification and characterization of mouse small intestine mucosal receptors for Escherichia coli K12 (K88ab). Infect. Immun., 52: 18–25.
LefflerH. and Svanborg-EdenC. (1990). Host epithelial glycoconjugates and pathogenic bacteria. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2: 409–411.
LeiteD., YanoT. and Pestana de CastroA. (1988). Production, purification and partial characterization of a new adhesive factor (F 42) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pigs. Ann. Inst. Pasteur / Microbiol., 139: 295–306.
LevineM. (1987). Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea: enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, and enteroadherent. J. Infect. Dis., 155: 377–389.
LevineM., KaperJ., BlackR. and ClementsM. (1983). New knowledge of pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development. Microbiol. Rev., 47: 510–550.
LindahlM., BrossmerR. and WadströmT. (1987). Carbohydrate receptor specificity of K99 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Glycoconjugate J., 4: 51–58.
LindahlM. and CarlstedtI. (1990). Binding of K99 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to pig small intestinal mucin glycopeptides. J. Gen. Microbiol., 136: 1609–1614.
LindahlM. and WadströmT. (1984). K99 surface haemagglutinin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli recognize terminal N-acetylgalactosamine and sialic residues of glycophorin and other complex glycoconjugates. Vet. Microbiol., 9: 249–257.
LindahlM. and WadströmT. (1986). Binding to erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins and carbohydrate specificity of F41 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 34: 297–300.
LintermansP., PohlP., DeboeckF., BertelsA., SchlickerC., VanderkerckhoveJ., VanDammeJ., VanMontaguM. and DeGreveH. (1988). Isolation and nucleotide sequence of the F17-A gene encoding the structural protein of the F17 fimbriae in bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 56: 1475–1484.
LoomisD. and WingS. (1990). Is molecular epidemiology a germ theory for the end of the twentieth century? Int. J. Epidemiol., 19: 1–3.
MaddoxC. and WilsonR. (1986). High technology diagnostics: detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, using DNA probes. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 188: 57–59.
MainilJ., MoseleyS., SchneiderR., SutchK. and MoonH. (1986). Hybridization of bovine Escherichia coli isolated with gene probes for four enterotoxins (STaP, STaH, STb, LT) and one adhesion factor (K99). Am. J. Vet. Res., 47: 1145–1148.
MeldalM. (1986). Synthetic of a putative antigenic heptapeptide from Escherichia coli K88ab protein fimbriae. Acta Chem. Scand., B40: 250–256.
MeyerT. and KarchH. (1989). Genes coding for shiga-like toxin and heat-stable enterotoxin in porcine strains of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 58: 115–120.
MiddeldorpJ. and WitholtB. (1983). An in vitro system to study interactions between bacteria and epithelial cells at the molecular level. J. Gen. Microbiol., 129: 179–190.
MoncktonR. and HasseD. (1988). Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in piggeries in Victoria by DNA hybridisation using K88, K99, LT, ST 1 and ST2 probes. Vet. Microbio., 16: 273–281.
MooiF. and deGraafK. (1985). Molecular biology of fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol., 118: 119–138.
MorrisJ. and SojkaW. (1985). Escherichia coli as a pathogen in animals. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol., 13: 47–77.
MoseleyS., DouganG., SchneiderR. and MoonHW. (1986). Cloning of chromosomal DNA encoding the F41 adhesin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and genetic homology between adhesin F41 and K88. J. Bacteriol., 167: 799–804.
MouricoutM. and JulienR. (1987). Pilus-mediated binding of bovine entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli to calf small intestinal mucins. Infect. Immun., 55: 1216–1223.
MouricoutM., PetitJM., CariasJR. and Julien, R. (1990). Glycoprotein glycans that inhibit adhesion of Escherichia coli mediated by K99 fimbriae: treatment of experimental colibacillosis. Infect. Immun., 58: 98–106.
MurrayC. (1987). Detection of K88 and K99 fimbrial antigens on Escherichia coli by coagglutination. Austr. Vet. J., 64: 239–240.
NeeserJ., KoellreuterB. and WuerschP. (1986). Oligosaccharide-type glyco-peptides inhibiting adhesion of Escherichia coli strains mediated by type I pili: preparation of potent inhibitors from plant glycoproteins. Infect. Immun., 52: 428–436.
NewsoneP., BurgessMN., BurgessMR., ConeyK., GoddardM. and MorrisJ. (1987). A model of acute infectious neonatal diarrhea. J. Med. Microbiol., 23: 19–28.
OkamotoK., OkamotoK., YukitakeJ. and MiyamaA. (1988). Reduction of enterotoxigenic activity of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin by substitution for an asparagine residue. Infect. Immun., 56: 2144–2148.
OldD. (1985). Bacterial adherence. Med. Lab. Sc., 42: 78–85.
OlsvikØ., SolbergR. and BerganT. (1985). Characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Acta Path. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand., 93: 255–262.
OnoE., AbeK., NakazawaM. and NaikiM. (1989). Ganglioside epitope recognized by K99 fimbriae from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 57: 907–911.
OrndorffP. (1987). Genetics study of piliation in Escherichia coli: Implications for understanding microbe-interactions at the molecular level. Pathol. Immunopathol. Res., 6: 82–92.
ØrskovI. and OrskovF. (1983). Serology of Escherichia coli. Prog. Allergy, 33: 80–105
OtnwssA., LaegreidA. and Ertresvag (1983). Inhibition of enterotoxin from Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae by gangliosides from human milk. Infect. Immun., 40: 563–569.
OudegaB. and DeGraafFK. (1988). Genetic organization and biogenesis of adhesive fimbriae of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol., 54: 285–299.
ParryS. and RookeD. (1985). Adhesins and colonization factors of Escherichia coli. In: Virulence of Escherichia coli. M. Sussman - ed. Academic press Inc., New-York, pp. 79–155.
PedersenJ., KlemmP. and GaastraW. (1986). 987P fimbriae from porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli characterization, N-terminal amino acid sequence and immunization with purified antigen. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 66: 229–234.
PedersenK. and TannockG. (1989). Colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract by lactobacilli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55: 279–283.
PlewsP., BromelM. and SchipperI. (1985). Characterization of the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves with colibacillosis. Infect. Immun., 49: 949–954.
RapaczJ. and Hasler-Rapacz. J. (1986). Polymorphism and inheritance of swine small intestinal receptors mediating adhesion of three serological variants of Escherichia coli-producing K88 pilus antigen. Animal Gen., 17: 305–321.
RaybouldT., CrouchC. and AcresS. (1987). Monoclonal antibody passive hemagglutination and capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for direct detection and quantitation of F41 and K99 fimbrial antigens in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol., 25: 278–284.
RenaultL., EspinasseJ. and CourtayB. (1984). Prévention de la diarrhée néonatale colibacillaire du veau par distribution d'un immunocolostrum anti K99. Bull. Soc. Vet. Pract. Fr., 63: 141–154.
RicciL., deSiquieraP., TamashiroW. and Pestana de CastroA. (1989). Erythrocyte receptors for cholera and heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli. Res. Microbiol., 140: 39–3404.
RileyL. and CaffreyC. (1990). Identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by colony hybridization with nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes. J. Clin. Microbiol., 28: 1465–1468.
Robins-BrowneR. (1985). Pathogenesis of bacterial diarrhoae. Microecol. Therapy, 15: 21–30.
RönnbergB., CarlssonJ. and WadströmT. (1984). Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 23: 275–279.
RoosendaalB., GaastraW. and deGraafK. (1984). The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the K99 subunit enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 22: 253–258.
RosenbergM. and KjellebergS. (1986). Hydrophobic interactions: role in bacterial adhesion. Adv. Microbial Ecology, 9: 353–393.
RoyR., GamianA. and ChomikM. (1988). Induction of rabbit anti-sialic antibodies by sialylated neoglycoproteins. Proc. Japanese-German Symp. on Sialic Acids, Shauer R. and Yamakawa T -eds., Kieler Verlag Wissenschaft, Bildung, pp. 264–265.
RudenskyB., IsacsohnM. and ZilberbergA. (1988). Improved detection of heat-labile enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by using a commercial coagglutination test. J. Clin. Microbiol., 26: 2231–2232.
RunnelsP., MoonH. and SchneiderR. (1980). Development of resistance with host age to adhesion of K99+ Escherichia coli to isolated intestinal epithelial cells. Infect. Immun., 28: 298–300.
RunnelsP., MoseleyS. and MoonH. (1987). F41 pili as protective antigens of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that produce F41, K99 or both pilus antigens. Infect. Immun., 55: 555–558.
SaeddA., MagnusonN., GayC. and GreenbergR. (1986). Characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin from a hypertoxigenic Escherichia coli strain that is pathogenic for cattle. Infect. Immun., 53: 445–447.
SanchezJ., HirstT. and UhlinE. (1988). Hybrid enterotoxin LTA::STa proteins and their protection from degradation by in vivo association with B-subunits of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Gene, 64: 265–275.
SarmientoJ., CaseyT., HarleyW. and MoonH. (1988). Postweaning diarrhea in swine: experimental model of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Am. J. Vet. Res., 49: 1154–1159.
SavageD. (1985). Overview of the association of microbes with epithelial surfaces. Microecol. Therapy, 14: 169–182.
SchifferliD., BeacheyE. and TaylorR. (1990). The 987P fimbriae gene cluster of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is plasmid encoded. Infect. Immun., 58: 149–156.
Scotland, S. 1988. Toxins. J. Appl. Bacteriol. Symp., Suppl., : 109S–129S.
SeignoleD., QuintardB., MouricoutM. and JulienR. (1990). Glycoproteines de la membrane des entérocytes porcins: purification et quelques propriétés. Regard sur la Biochimie, 3: 46.
SellwoodR. (1979). Escherichia coli diarrhoea in pigs with or without the K88 receptor. Vet. Record, 8: 228–230.
SellwoodR. (1980). The interaction of the K88 antigen with porcine intestinal epithelial cell brush borders. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 632: 326–335.
SharonN. (1987). Bacterial lectins, cell-cell recognition and infectious disease. FEBS Lett., 217: 145–157.
SharonN. (1989). Biochemical aspects of glycoconjugate recognition. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 17: 11–12.
ShimizuM., SakanoT. and SatohS. (1988). Linkage of K99 production and STa activity in a plasmid of an Escherichia coli porcine isolate. Microbiol. Immunol., 32: 635–639.
ShimizuM., SakanoT., YamamotoJ. and KitajimaK. (1987). Incidence and some characteristics of fimbriae FY and 31A of Escherichia coli isolates from calves with diarrhea in Japan. Microbiol. Immunol., 31: 417–426.
ShookJ., BurksT., WasleyJ. and NormanJ. (1989). Novel calmodulin antagonist CGS 9343B inhibits secretory diarrhea. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 251: 247–252.
Sik KimK., KangJ. and CrossA. (1986). The role of capsular antigens in serum resistance and in vivo virulence of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 35: 275–278.
SmitH., GaastraW., KamerlingJ.P., VliegenthartJ. and deGraafF.K. (1984). Isolation and structural characterization of the equine erythrocyte receptor for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99 fimbrial adhesin. Infect. Immun., 46: 578–583.
SmithH. and HugginsM. (1979). Experimental infections of calves, piglets and lambs with mixtures of invasive and enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. J. Med. Microbiol., 12: 507–510.
SmithH., ScotlandS. and RoweB. (1985). Genetics of Escherichia coli virulence. In: The virulence of Escherichia coli M. Sussman - ed. Academic Press Inc. New York, pp. 227–269.
SmithH. and ScotlandS. (1988).Vero cytotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli. J. Med. Microbiol., 26: 77–85.
SmithW., HugginsM. and ShawK. (1987). The control of experimental Escherichia coli diarrhoea in calves by means of bacteriophages. J. Gen. Microbiol., 133: 1111–1126.
SnodgrassD., ChandlerD. and MakinT. (1981). Inheritance of Escherichia coli adhesion in pigs: identification of nonadhesive phenotypes in a commercial herd. Vet. Record, 109: 461–463.
SnodgrassD., NagyL., SherwoodD. and CampbellI. (1982). Passive immunity in calf diarrhea vaccination with K99 antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus. Infect. Immun., 37: 586–591.
SriranganathanN. and BurgerD. (1987). Heat-stable (STa) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: binding of the enterotoxin to coagulated milk and casein. Vet. Microbiol., 13: 167–178.
SuarezS., PaniaguaC., AlvarezM. and RubioP. (1987). Features of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of porcine origin that express K88 and 987P fimbrial antigens. Vet. Microbiol., 13: 65–68.
SugiiS. and TsujiT. (1989). Studies on the binding substances on human erythrocytes for the heat-labile enterotoxin isolated from porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 980: 155–160.
SvennerholmAM. and WiklundG. (1983). Rapid GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with visual reading for identification of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. J. Clin. Microbiol., 17: 596–600.
SvennerholmA., WikströmM., LindbaldM. and HolmgrenJ. (1986). Monoclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin (STa) and their use in a diagnostic ST ganglioside GM1-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. J. Clin. Microbiol., 24: 584–590.
TaketaY., ShimonshiY., TaketaT. and MiwataniT. (1984). Molecular structure and function of heat stable enterotoxins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Microecol. Therapy, 14: 43–52.
TalafantovaM., DlabacV., MandelL. and SimeckovaJ. (1984). The influence of various hyperimmune and normal sera on the adherence of E. coli to the intestinal epithelium of germfree piglets. Microecol. Therapy, 14: 285.
TamplinM., HondaT., TsujiT., ColwellR. and MiwataniT. (1988). Evidence of common epitopes in the ganglioside binding site of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 49: 7–11.
TannockG., SzylitO., DuvalY. and RaibaudP. (1982). Colonization of tissue surfaces in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic animals by lactobacillus strains. Can. J. Microbiol., 28: 1196–1198.
TenebergS., WillemsenP., DeGraafF. and KarlssonKA. (1990). Receptor-active glycolipids of epithelial cells of the small intestine of young and adult pigs to susceptibility to infection with Escherichia coli K99. FEBS Lett., 263: 10–14.
ThiryG., ClippeA., ScarcezT. and PetreJ. (1989). Cloning of DNA sequences encoding foreign peptides and their expression in the K88 pili. Appl. Env. Microbiol., 55: 984–993.
ThompsonM. (1987). Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins and their receptors. Pathol. Immunopathol. Res., 6: 103–116.
ThompsonM. and GiannellaR. (1990). Different crosslinking agents identify distinctly different putative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin rat intestinal cell receptor proteins. J. Receptor Res., 10: 97–117.
ThornsC., SawtellJ., MillerJ. and WoodG. (1990). Identification of the K99 (F5) fimbrial adhesin in commercial vaccines used against calf enteritis. Biologicals, 18: 113–115.
ThornsC., WellsG., MorrisJ., BridgesA. and HiggingsR. (1989). Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies to K88, K99, F41 and 987P fimbrial adhesins for the detection of porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in paraffin-wax tissue sections. Vet. Microbiol., 20: 377–381.
TruszczynskiM. and OsekJ. (1987). Occurence of mannose-resistant hemagglutinins in Escherichia coli strains isolated from porcine colibacillosis. Comp. Immun. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 10: 117–124.
TsujiT., HondaT., MiwataniT., WakabayaskiS. and MatsubaraS. (1985). Analysis of receptor-binding site in Escherichia coli enterotoxins. J. Biol. Chem., 260: 8552–8558
ValpoticI., DeanE., WhippS. and MoonH. (1990). Screening of porcine feces for K88 resistant phenotype by ELISA. Periodicum Biologorum, 92: 43–44.
ValpoticI., RunnelsP. and MoonH. (1989). In vitro adhesion of K88ac+ Escherichia coli to Peyer's Patch and peripheral blood lymphocytes, buccal and rectal epithelial cells or intestinal epithelial brush borders of weaned pigs. Vet. Microbiol., 20: 357–368.
VanVerseveldH., BakkerP., van derWoudeT., TerlethC. and deGraafFK. (1985). Production of fimbrial adhesins K99 and F41 by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli as a function of growth-rate domain. Infect. Immun., 49: 159–163.
Van derWoudeM., BrasterM., deGraafFK. and vanVerseveldH. (1989). Production of the fimbrial adhesin 987P by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli during growth under controlled conditions in a chemostat. J. Gen. Microbiol., 135: 3421–3429.
Van derWoudeM., BrasterM., vanVerseveldH. and deGraafFK. (1990). Control of temperature-dependent synthesis of K99 fimbriae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 68: 183–188.
VanZijderveldF., AnakottaJ., BrouwersR., VanZijderveldA., BakkerD. and deGraafFK. (1990). Epitope analysis of the F4 (K88) fimbrial antigen complex of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by using monoclonal antibodies. Infect. Immun., 58: 1870–1878.
VanZiiderveldFF., WestenbrinkF., AnakottaJ., BrouwersR. and VanZijderveldA. (1989). Characterization of the F41 fimbrial antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by using monoclonal antibodies. Infect. Immun., 57: 1192–1199.
WadströmT., FarisA., LindahlM., LonnerdahlB. and ErssonB. (1983). Non-mannose-specific lectins on enterotoxigenic E. coli recognizing different glycoconjugates. In: Lectins: biology, biochemistry, clinical biochemistry, vol 3. Bog-Hansen T. and Spengler G. - eds. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 503–510.
WeikelC., SpannC., ChambersC., CraneJ., LindenJ. and HewlettE. (1990). Phorbol esters enhance the cyclic GMP response of T84 cells to the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (STa). Infect. Immun., 58: 1402–1407.
WilsonR. and FrancisD. (1986). Fimbriae and enterotoxins associated with Escherichia coli serogroups isolated from pigs with colibacillosis. Am. J. Vet. Res., 47: 213–217.
WoldA., MesteckyJ. and Svanborg-EdenC. (1990). Secretory Immunoglobulin-A carries oligosaccharide receptors for Escherichia coli type 1 fmbrial lectin. Infect. Immun., 58: 3073–3077.
Woodward, M. and Wray, C. (1990).Nine DNA probes for detection of toxin and adhesin genes in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeal disease in animals. Vet. Microbiol., 25: 55–65.
WrayC. and MorrisJ. (1985). Aspects of colibacillosis in farm animals. J. Hyg. Camb., 95: 577–593.
TanoT., LeiteD., CamargoI. and Pestana de CastroA. (1986). A probable new adhesive factor (F42) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pigs. Microbiol. Immun., 30: 357–368.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mouricout, M. Swine and cattle enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli - mediated diarrhea. Development of therapies based on inhibition of bacteria-host interactions. Eur J Epidemiol 7, 588–604 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00218668
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00218668