Summary
Interspecific hybrids between Allium cepa and Allium sativum were obtained using the fertile clone A. sativum as the male parent. The nascent embryos which formed shortly in interspecific hybridization between A. cepa and A. sativum were rescued by ovule culture at an early stage. The zygotes or proembryos developed in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 5.7×10-8 M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Once developed, the embryos were taken out of the ovule and cultured on embryo culture medium where they regenerated into whole plants. The hybridity of the plants obtained was examined by morphological observation, chromosome analysis, and ribosomal RNA gene analysis. The analyses proved that the plants were mature sexual hybrids between A. cepa and A. sativum. Each hybrid plant had keeled but fistulose leaves and formed a bulb resembling that of A. cepa. The hybrids produced not only S-propenyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide, which is the major flavor precursor in A. cepa, but also S-allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (alliin), which is characteristic of A. sativum.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Block E (1985) The chemistry of garlic and onions. Sci Am 106:94–99
Block E, Revelle LK, Bazzi AA (1980) The lachrymatory factor of the onion: an NMR study. Tetrahedron Lett 21:1277–1280
Block E, Ahmad S, Jain MK, Crecely RW, Apitz-Castro R, Cruz MR (1984) (E,Z)-Ajoene: a potent antithrombotic agent from garlic. J Am Chem Soc 106:8295–8296
Carson JF (1987) Chemistry and biological properties of onions and garlic. Food Rev Int 3:71–103
Cavallito CJ, Bailey JH (1944) Allicin, the antibacterial principle of Allium sativum. I. Isolation, physical properties and antibacterial action. J Am Chem Soc 66:1950–1951
DeMason DA (1990) Morphology and anatomy of Allium. In: Rabinowitch HD, Brewster JL.(eds) Onions and allied crops, vol I. CRC Press, Florida, pp 27–51
Dolezel J, Novak FJ, Luzny J (1980) Embryo development and in vitro culture of Allium cepa and its interspecific hybrids. Z Pflanzenzuecht 85:177–184
Etoh T (1983) Germination of seeds obtained from a clone of garlic, Allium sativum L. Proc Jpn Acad 59:83–87
Etoh T, Noma Y, Nishitarumizu Y, Wakamoto T (1988) Seed productivity and germinability of various garlic clones collected in Soviet Central Asia. Memo Fac Agric Kagoshima Univ 24:129–139
Gonzalez LG, Ford-Lloyd BV (1987) Facilitation of wide-crossing through embryo rescue and pollen storage in interspecific hybridization of cultivated Allium species. Plant Breed 98:318–322
Hanelt P (1990) Taxonomy, evolution, and history. In: Rabinowitch HD, Brewster JL (eds) Onions and allied crops, vol I. CRC Press, Florida, pp 1–26
Havey MJ (1991) Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Allium species from restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast genome. Theor Appl Genet 81:752–757
Herr JM Jr (1982) An analysis of methods for permanently mounting ovules cleared in four-and-a-half type clearing fluids. Stain Technol 57:161–169
Heslop-Harrison J, Heslop-Harrison Y (1970) Evaluation of pollen viability by enzymatically induced fluorescence; intra-cellular hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate. Stain Technol 45:115–120
Honda H, Hirai A (1990) A simple and efficient method for identification of hybrids using nonradioactive rDNA as probe. Jpn J Breed 40:339–348
Kho YO, Baer J (1968) Observing pollen tubes by means of fluorescence. Euphytica 17:298–302
Kotlinska T, Havranek P, Navratill M, Gerasimova L, Pimakhov A, Neikov S (1990) Collecting onion, garlic and wild species of Allium in central Asia, USSR. FAO/IBPGR Plant Genet Resources Newsl 83/84:31–32
Lancaster JE, Boland MJ (1990) Flavor biochemistry. In: Brewster JL, Rabinowitch HD (eds) Onions and allied crops, vol III. CRC Press, Florida, pp 33–72
McCollum GD (1971) Sterility of some interspecific Allium hybrids. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 96:359–362
Ninnemann H, Juttner F (1981) Volatile substances from tissue cultures of potato, tomato and their somatic fusion products-comparison of gas chromatographic patterns for identification of hybrids. Z Pflanzenphysiol 103:95–107
Nock LP, Mazelis M (1987) The C-S lyases of higher plants. Direct comparison of the physical properties of homogeneous alliin lyase of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa). Plant Physiol 85:1079–1083
Roddick JG, Melchers G (1985) Steroidal glycoalkaloid content of potato, tomato and their somatic hybrids. Theor Appl Genet 70:655–660
Saini SS, Davis GN (1967) Compatibility in some Allium species. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 91:401–409
Uchimiya H, Ohgawara T, Kalo H, Akiyama T, Harada H, Sugiura M (1983) Detection of two different nuclear genomes in parasexual hybrids by ribosomal RNA gene analysis. Theor Appl Genet 64:117–118
Ueda Y, Sakaguchi M, Hirayama K, Miyajima R, Kimizuka A (1990) Characteristic flavor constituents in water extract of garlic. Agric Biol Chem 54:163–169
Zhou WM, Yoshida K, Shintaku Y, Takeda G (1991) The use of IAA to overcome interspecific hybrid inviability in reciprocal crosses between Nicotiana tabacum L. and N. repanda wild. Theor Appl Genet 82:657–661
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by I. Potrykus
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ohsumi, C., Kojima, A., Hinata, K. et al. Interspecific hybrid between Allium cepa and Allium sativum . Theoret. Appl. Genetics 85, 969–975 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00215036
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00215036