Abstract
Interplanetary measurements of the speeds, densities, abundances, and charge states of solar wind ions are diagnostic of conditions in the source region of the solar wind. The absolute values of the mass, momentum, and energy fluxes in the solar wind are not known to an accuracy of 20%. The principal limitations on the absolute accuracies of observations of solar wind protons and alpha particles arise from uncertain instrument calibrations, from the methods used to reduce the data, and from sampling biases. Sampling biases are very important in studies of alpha particles. Instrumental resolution and measurement ambiguities are additional major problems for the observation of ions heavier than helium. Progress in overcoming some of these measurement inadequacies is reviewed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balsiger, H., Eberhardt, P., Geiss, J., Ghielmetti, A., Walker, H. P., Young, D. T., Loidl, H., and Rosenbauer, H.: 1976, Space Sci. Instr. 2, 499.
Bame, S. J., Asbridge, J. R., Hundhausen, A. J., and Montgomery, M. D.: 1970, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 6360.
Bosqued, J. M., D'Uston, C., Zertzalov, A. A., and Vaisberg, O. L.: 1977, Solar Phys. 51, 231.
Bridge, H. S., Egidi, A., Lazarus, A., Lyon, E., and Jacobson, L.: 1965, Space Res. 5, 969.
Bridge, H. S., Belcher, J. W., Butler, R. J., Lazarus, A. J., Mavretic, A. M., Sullivan, J. D., Siscoe, G. L., and Vasyliunas, V. M.: 1977, Space Sci. Rev. 21, 259.
Burlaga, L. F., Behannnon, K. W., Hansen, S. F., Pneuman, G. W., and Feldman, W. C.: 1978, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 4177.
Coplan, M. A., Ogilvie, K. W., Bochsler, P. A., and Geiss, J.: 1978, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electronics GE-16, 185.
Feldman, W. C., Asbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., and Montgomery, M. D.: 1973, J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2017.
Feldman, W. C., Asbridge, J. R., and Bame, S. J.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 2319.
Feldman, W. C., Asbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., Fenimore, E. E., and Gosling, J. T.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 5408.
Fenimore, E. E.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 235, 245.
Gloeckler, G., and Hsieh, K. C.: 1979, Nuclear Instrum. and Methods 165, 537.
Gosling, J. T., Asbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., and Feldman, W. C.: 1978, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, 1260.
Hundhausen, A. J.: 1977, in J. B. Zirker (ed.), Coronal Holes and High Speed Wind Streams, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, p. 225.
Hundhausen, A. J., Asbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., Gilbert, H. E., and Strong, I. B.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 87.
Hundhausen, A. J., Gilbert, H. E., and Bame, S. J.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5485.
Johnstone, A., Bryant, D., Edwards, T., Hultquist, B., Formisano, V., Biermann, L., Luest, R., Schmidt, H., Feldman, W., Cerulli-Irelli, P., Dobrowolny, M., Egidi, A., Terenzi, R., Jockers, K., Rosenbauer, H., Studemann, W., Wilken, B., Wallis, M., Haerendel, G., Paschmann, G., Winningham, J. D., and Reme, H.: 1981, Scientific and Experimental Aspects of the Giotto Mission, European Space Agency, SP-169, p. 17.
King, J. H.: 1977, Interplanetary Medium Data Book, NSSDC/WDS-A-R 77–04, NASA, Greenbelt, MD.
Lazarus, A. J., Bridge, H. S., Davis, J. M., and Snyder, C. W.: 1967, Space Res. 7, 1296.
Levine, R. H.: 1978, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 4193.
Lyon, E. F., Bridge, H. S., and Binsack, J. H.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 6113.
Marsch, E., Muhlhauser, K.-H., Schwenn, R., Rosenbauer, H., Pilipp, W., and Neubauer, F. M.: 1982, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 52.
McKibben, D. D., Wolfe, J. H., Collard, H. R., Savage, H. F., and Molari, R.: 1977, Space Sci. Instr. 3, 219.
Neugebauer, M.: 1970, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 717.
Neugebauer, M.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 78.
Neugebauer, M.: 1981, Fund. Cosmic Phys. 7, 131.
Neugebauer, M. and Snyder, C. W.: 1966, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 4469.
Nolte, J. T. and Roelof, E. C.: 1973, Solar Phys. 33, 241.
Ogilvie, K. W. and Vogt, C.: 1980, Geophys. Res. Letters 8, 577.
Ogilvie, K. W., Bochsler, P., Coplan, M. A., and Geiss, J.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 6069.
Rème, H., Cotin, F., d'Uston, C., Sauvaud, J. A., Korth, A., Richter, A. K., Anderson, K. A., Carlson, C. W., Lin, R. P., Wekhof, A., Mendis, D. A., and Johnstone, A.: 1981, Scientific and Experimental Aspects of the Giotto Mission, European Space Agency, SP-169, p. 29.
Robbins, D. F., Hundhausen, A. J., and Bame, S. J.: 1970, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 1178.
Rosenbauer, H., Schwenn, R., Marsch, E., Meyer, B., Miggenrieder, H., Montgomery, M. D., Mühlhäuser, K. H., Pilipp, W., Voges, W., and Zink, S. M.: 1977, J. Geophys. 42, 561.
Scarf, F. L., Fredricks, R. W., Green, I. M., and Neugebauer, M.: 1970, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 3735.
Shelley, E. G., Sharp, R. D., Johnson, R. G., Geiss, J., Eberhardt, P., Balsiger, H., Haerendel, G., and Rosenbauer, H.: 1978, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electronics GE-16, 266.
Smith, Z. K. and Day, J. R.: 1971, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 42, 968.
Snyder, C. W. and Neugebauer, M.: 1966, in R. J. Mackin and M. Neugebauer (eds.), The Solar Wind, Pergamon Press, p. 25.
Vasyliunas, V. M.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 2839.
Vasyliunas, V. M.: 1971, in R. H. Lovbergs (ed.), Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol. 9B of Plasma Physics, Academic Press, p. 49.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Neugebauer, M. Measurements of the properties of solar wind plasma relevant to studies of its coronal sources. Space Sci Rev 33, 127–150 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213251
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213251