Abstract
The present series of experiments examined the effects of pretreating pirenperone-injected mice with a variety of non-serotonergic receptor antagonists on retrieval of a one-trial inhibitory (passive) avoidance task. Waterdeprived mice were trained to avoid drinking from a water spout located in the avoidance chamber by pairing footshock with licks from the water spout. Retention was measured as the suppression of drinking (latency to drink) 48 h later. Pre-test administration of pirenperone (1.0 mg/kg) significantly enhanced retrieval (increased latencies). The suppression of drinking could not be attributed to the nonspecific effects of pirenperone on behavior in general, as the performance of non-contigently shocked mice injected with the same dose of pirenperone did not exhibit a similar elevation in latencies. Of the seven pretreatment drugs examined, only phenoxybenzamine (1.0 mg/kg) completely blocked the pirenperone-induced response. Bicuculline (1.0 mg/kg) partially attenuated the enhanced performance resulting from pre-test pirenperone administration. The results suggest that the pirenperone-induced response may be partly due to activation of noradrenergic (alpha) neurotransmission.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altman HJ (1985) Mediation of storage and retrieval with two drugs that selectively modulate serotonergic neurotransmission. In: Olton DS, Gamzu E, Corkin S (eds) Memory dysfunctions: An integration of animal and human research from preclinical and clinical perspectives, New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp 496–498
Altman HJ, Normile HJ (1986) Enhancement of memory of a previously learned aversive habit following pre-test administration of a variety of serotonergic antagonists in mice. Psychopharmacology 90:24–27
Archer T, Ögren SO, Johansson C (1981) The acute effect of p-chloroamphetamine on the retention of fear conditioning in the rat: Evidence for a role of serotonin in memory consolidation. Neurosci Lett 25:75–81
Bammer G (1982) Pharmacological investigations of neurotransmitter involvement in passive avoidance responding: A review and some new results. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 6:247–296
Brodie B, Shore P (1957) A concept for a role of serotonin and norepinephrine as chemical mediators in the brain. Ann NY Acad Sci 66:631–642
Crespi F, Buda M, McRae-Degueurce A, Pujol JF (1980) Alteration of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the locus coeruleus after administration of p-chlorophenylalanine. Brain Res 191:501–509
Dall'Olio R, Vaccheri A, Montanaro N (1985) Reduced head-twitch response to quipazine of rats previously treated with methiothepin: Possible involvement of dopaminergic system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 23:43–48
Ellison GD (1975) Behavior and the balance between norepinephrine and serotonin. Acta Neurobiol Exp 35:499–515
Essman WB (1978) Serotonin in learning and memory. In: Essman WB (ed) Serotonin in health and disease. The central nervous system. Spectrum, New York, pp 69–143
Euvrard C, Javoy F, Herbet A, Glowiski J (1977) Effect of quipazine, a serotonin-like drug, on striatal cholinergic interneurons. Eur J Pharmacol 41:281–289
Freedman LS, Backman MZ, Quartermain D (1979) Clonidine reverses the amnesia induced by dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibition. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 11:259–263
Fuller RW (1982) Drugs acting on serotonergic neuronal systems. In: Osborne NN (ed) Biology of serotonergic transmission. Wiley, New York, pp 221–247
Gold PE, Sternberg DB (1978) Retrograde amnesia produced by several treatments: Evidence for a common neurobiological mechanism. Science 201:367–369
Gromova E, Semenova T, Vekshina N (1976) Functional interrelations of the brain serotonin-and noradrenergic systems in the process of learning. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 227:766–768
Janssen PAJ (1981) The pharmacology of specific, pure and potent serotonin 5-HT2 or S2-antagonists. Eighth International Congress of Pharmacology, Tokyo (Japan) July 19–24
Köhler C, Lorens SA (1978) Open field activity and avoidance behavior following serotonin depletion: A comparison of the effects of parachlorophenylalanine and electrolytic midbrain raphe lesions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 8:223–233
Kruglikov RI (1982) On the interaction of neurotransmitter systems in processes of learning and memory. In: Marson CA, Matthies H (eds) Neuronal plasticity and memory formation. Raven, New York, pp 339–351
Leger L, Descarries L (1978) Serotonin nerve terminals in the locus coeruleus of adult rat: A radioautographic study. Brain Res 145:1–13
Lewis BD, Renaud B, Buda M, Pujol JF (1976) Time-course variations in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the rat locus coeruleus after electrolytic destruction of the nucleus raphe dorsalis or raphe centralis. Brain Res 108:339–344
Leysen JE, Awouters F, Kennis L, Laduron PM, Vandenberk, Janssen PAJ (1981) Receptor binding profile of RU 41, 468, a novel antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors. Life Sci 28:1015–1022
Martin LL, Sanders-Bush E (1982) The serotonin autoreceptor: Antagonism by quipazine. Neuropharmacology 21:445–450
McGaugh JL, Liang KC, Bennet C, Sternberg DB (1984) Adrenergic influences on memory storage: Interaction of peripheral and central mechanisms. In: Lynch G, McGaugh JL, Weinberger NM (eds) Neurobiology of learning and memory. Guilford, New York, pp 313–332
McRae-Degueurce A, Dennis T, Leger L, Scatton B (1985) Regulation of neuronal activity in the rat locus coeruleus by serotonergic afferents. Physiol Psychol 344:158–161
Ögren SO (1986) Analysis of the avoidance learning deficit induced by the serotonin releasing compound p-chloroamphetamine. Brain Res (in press)
Ögren SO, Jöhansson C (1985) Separation of the associative and non-associative effects of brain serotonin released by p-chloroamphetamine: Dissociable serotonergic involvement in avoidance learning, pain and motor function. Psychopharmacology 86:12–26
Ögren SO, Köhler C, Ross SB, Srebro B (1976) 5-Hydroxytryptamine depletion and avoidance acquisition in the rat: Antagonism of the long-term effects of p-chloroamphetamine with a selective inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake. Neurosci Lett 3:341–347
Ögren SO, Fuxe K, Archer T, Hall H, Holm AC, Köhler C (1981) Studies on the role of central 5-HT neurons in avoidance learning: A behavioral and biochemical analysis. In: Haber B, Gabay S, Issidorides MR, Alivisatos SGA (eds) Serotonin: Current aspects of neurochemistry and function. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, vol 133. Plenum, New York, pp 681–705
Peroutka SJ, Snyder SH (1982) Radioactive ligand binding studies: Identification of multiple serotonin receptors. In: Osborne NN (ed) Biology of serotonergic neurotransmission. Wiley, New York, pp 279–298
Pradhan SN, Bose S (1978) Interactions among central neurotransmitters. In: Lipton MA, DiMascio A, Killam KF (eds) Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress. Raven, New York, pp 271–281
Pucilowski O, Valzelli L (1985) Evidence of norepinephrine-mediated suppression of para-chlorophenylalanine-induced muricidal behavior. Pharmacol Res Commun 17:457–463
Quartermain D, Altman HJ (1982) Facilitation of retrieval by d-amphetamine following anisomycin-induced amnesia. Physiol Psychol 10:283–292
Rappaport A, Sturtz F, Guicheney P (1985) Regulation of central alpha adrenoceptors by serotonergic denervation. Brain Res 344:158–161
Reader TA, Jasper HH (1984) Interactions between monoamines and other transmitters in cerebral cortex. In: Descarries L, Reader TR, Jasper HH (eds) Monoamine innervation of cerebral cortex. Liss, New York pp 195–225
Wetzel W, Getsova VM, Jork R, Matthies H (1980) Effect of serotonin on Y-maze retention and hippocampal protein synthesis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 12:319–322
Wise CD, Berger BD, Stein L (1970) Serotonin: A possible mediator of behavioral suppression induced by anxiety. Dis Nerv Syst 31:34–37
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Normile, H.J., Altman, H.J. Evidence for a possible interaction between noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the retrieval of a previously learned aversive habit in mice. Psychopharmacology 92, 388–392 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210849
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210849