Abstract
The mean and turbulent structures of turbulent swirling flow in a heated annulus have been measured. Both forced and free vortex swirling flows were generated, and the outer wall of the test section was heated uniformly. The maximum swirl number was 1.39, Reynolds numbers were up to 200000, and heat input was 10.5 kW. Mean and turbulent velocity components, air and wall temperatures, and wall static pressures were all measured. Hot-film techniques were developed to measure turbulence. From these parameters, the flow and temperature fields, pressure distribution, and heat transfer coefficients were determined. The mechanisms of heat transfer were identified.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Abbreviations
- A, B, C :
-
constants in Eq. (5)
- A c :
-
cross-sectional area of flow passage, equals π (r 0 2 — r i 2) (m2)
- d h :
-
hydraulic diameter, equals (m) 2(r 0-r i )
- E, e :
-
mean and fluctuating value of hot-wire output voltage (Volt)
- h :
-
convective heat transfer (W·m-2·K-1) coefficient
- Nu :
-
Nusselt number, equals hd h /λ
- P :
-
pressure (N·m-2)
- Q in :
-
heat input to the test section (W)
- r :
-
radial co-ordinate (m)
- R :
-
dimensionless radial co-ordinate, equals (r — r i )/(r 0 — r i )
- Re :
-
Reynolds number, equals ϱUd h /μ
- S :
-
swirl number, equals the ratio of axial to angular momentum, divided by r 0
- T :
-
temperature (K)
- t :
-
tube wall thickness (m)
- U :
-
mean value of axial velocity (m · s-1)
- u :
-
fluctuating component of axial velocity (m · s-1)
- W, w :
-
mean and fluctuating tangential velocity (m · s- 1)
- x :
-
axial co-ordinate (m)
- λ:
-
thermal conductivity (W·m-1·K-1)
- θ:
-
fluctuating component of air temperature (K)
- μ:
-
fluid kinetic viscosity (kg·m-1·s-1)
- ϱ:
-
fluid density (kg · m-3)
- ψ:
-
flow angle (°)
- τ xx , τθθ :
-
Reynolds normal stresses (N·m-2)
- a :
-
ambient
- air:
-
value for air
- av :
-
average value
- ax :
-
evaluated for axial flow conditions
- b :
-
evaluated at the bulk temperature
- i :
-
inner wall
- m :
-
at maximum velocity
- 0:
-
outer wall
- sw :
-
evaluated under swirling flow conditions
- tot:
-
total, or resultant
- w :
-
evaluated at the outer wall
References
Bremhorst K (1985) Effect of fluid temperature on hot-wire anemometers and an improved method of temperature compensation and linearisation without use of small signal sensitivities. J Phys E Sci Instrum 18: 44–49
Clayton BR; Morsi YSM (1985) Determination of principal characteristics of turbulent swirling flow along annuli, part 2: measurement of turbulence components. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 6(1): 31–41
Das AK; Gray NB; Floyd JM (1987) Pressure drop in swirled lances. In Research and development in extractive metallurgy. Melbourne: AusIMM, pp. 1–8
Dave N; Gray NB (1991) Fluid flow through lances with constant and variable pitch swirled inserts. Met. Trans. B 22B: 13–20
Gutstein MU; Converse GL; Peterson JR (1970) Theoretical analysis and measurement of single phase pressure losses and heat transfer for helical flow in a tube. NASA TN D-6097
King MK; Rothfus RR; Kermode RI (1969) Static pressure and velocity profiles in swirling incompressible tube flow. AIChE J 15 (6): 837–842
Kitoh O (1991) Experimental study of turbulent swirling flow in a straight pipe. J Fluid Mech 225: 445–479
Morsi YSM (1983) Analysis of turbulent swirling flows in axisymmetric annuli. PhD Thesis, London University
Nissan AH; Bresan VP (1961) Swirling flow in cylinders. AIChE J 7(4): 543–547
Scott CJ; Rask DR (1973) Turbulent viscosities for swirling flow in a stationary annulus. J. Fluids Eng, Trans ASME 95: 557–566
Scott CJ; Bartelt KW (1976) Decaying annular swirl flow with inlet solid body rotation. J Fluids Eng, Trans ASME 98: 33–40
Senoo Y; Nagata T (1972) Swirl flow in long pipes with different roughness. Bull JSME 15(90): 1514–1521
Simmers DA; Coney JER (1979) The experimental determination of velocity distribution in annular flow. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 1(4) 177–184
Smithberg E; Landis F (1964) Friction and forced convection heat transfer characteristics in tubes with twisted tape swirl generators. J Heat Trans, Trans ASME 39–49
Solnordal CB (1992) Modelling of fluid flow and heat transfer in decaying swirl through a heated annulus. PhD Thesis, University of Melbourne
Solnordal CB; Gray NB (1993) Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of swirling flows in Sirosmelt lances. In: Proceedings of APCChE/CHEMECA '93, 26–29 Sept. 1993, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 2: 329-2: 334
Tuckey PR; Morsi YS; Clayton BR (1984) The experimental analysis of three dimensional flow fields. Int J Mech Eng Ed 12(3): 149–166
Yeh H (1958) Boundary layer along annular walls in a swirling flow. Trans ASME 80: 767–776
Yowakim FM; Kind RJ (1988) Mean flow and turbulence measurements of annular swirling flows. J Fluids Eng, Trans ASME 110: 257–263
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Research support for C. B. Solnordal and for related developments within the G. K. Williams Co-operative Research Centre has been provided by the Australian Research Council and the Australian Mineral Industries Research Association Limited
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Solnordal, C.B., Gray, N.B. An experimental study of fluid flow and heat transfer in decaying swirl through a heated annulus. Experiments in Fluids 18, 17–25 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209357
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209357