Low-dimensional dynamic self-organization in δ-sleep: effect of partial sleep deprivation

Abstract

Studies on extended data including 37 electroencephalographic (EEG) records of δ-sleep, each 10³ s long (six subjects; up to seven nights per subject, comprising normal sleep, partial deprivation and recovery), confirmed earlier conclusions that rare episodes of low-dimensional dynamic self-organization, with lifetimes between 10 and 20 s, are present in stage 4 sleep. Particular care was taken of the Theiler correction which, in some δ-sleep signals, required the deletion of trajectory points covering nearly one pseudo-period. The percentage of segments showing an episode, i.e. the attractor probability, decreased with a change in sleep conditions — either deprivation or recovery prior to the next deprivation. Repetition of deprivation over three nights resulted in an adaptation process, manifested by an increase in attractor probability. After the sharp decrease in probability observed when recovery was established prior to the next deprivation, and on return to normal conditions of sleep at 2200 hours, the probability was immediately close to that observed in normal baseline sleep conditions free of any interference. The observation of a definite effect of sleep deprivation and recovery upon the number of stage 4 attractors observed provides a line of approach to the physiological significance of the probability of such attractors.