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Mineralogical criteria in the origin of marine iron-manganese nodules

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Abstract

In iron-manganese nodules from the floor of Pacific ocean, Baltic, White Sea and Kara Sea, iron bydroxide δ'-FeOOH was analysed in the laboratory. In buried ooze, reduction processes generate Fe(HCO3)2 which migrates into the upper part of the bottom ooze and into near bottom sea water where Fe(OH)2 is formed. The oxidation process of Fe2+ to Fe3+, without participation of iron bacteria, leads to the topotactic transformation of Fe(OH)2 to δ'-FeOOH. Marine water does not contain Fe2+ and cannot be a direct source of iron deposited in the nodules. Discovery of δ'-FeOOH in marine nodules permits the consideration that both iron and manganese were derived from the buried bottom mud, which during diagenetic processes led to the transfer of these metals in solutions and their upward migration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ore Geology, Moskau

    F. V. Chukhrov, B. B. Zvyagin, L. P. Yermilova & A. I. Gorshkov

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  1. F. V. Chukhrov
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  2. B. B. Zvyagin
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  3. L. P. Yermilova
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  4. A. I. Gorshkov
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Chukhrov, F.V., Zvyagin, B.B., Yermilova, L.P. et al. Mineralogical criteria in the origin of marine iron-manganese nodules. Mineral. Deposita 11, 24–32 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203092

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203092

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