Skip to main content
Log in

Lymphocyte proliferation, lymphokine production, and lymphocyte receptors in ageing and various clinical conditions

  • Published:
Springer Seminars in Immunopathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Conclusion

The combination of cytofluorographic analysis of human or murine lymphocytes moving through various phases of the cell cycle following lectin stimulation, determination of DNA synthesis by 3H-thymidine uptake, quantitative assessment of lymphokines produced in culture supernatants (e.g. IL 2), and evaluation of various cellular receptors (e.g. IL 2, insulin, corticosteroid) by fluorescent antireceptor monoclonal antibodies or binding of radiolabeled ligand permit one to develop a more comprehensive picture of the defects in lymphocyte functions which are associated with aging and various other clinical conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abrass IB, Scarpace PJ (1981) Human lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors are unaltered with age. J Gerontol 35: 329

    Google Scholar 

  2. Adler WH, Jones KH, Brock MA (1978) Aging and immune function. In: Behnke JA, Finch CE, Moment GB (eds) The biology of aging. Plenum, New York, p 221

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bettens F, Kristensen F, de Weck AL (1982) Effect of macrophages on the Go-G1 transition of thymocytes. Immunology 45: 439

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bettens F, Kristensen F, Walker C, de Weck AL (1982) Human lymphocyte proliferation II. Formation of activated (G1) cells. Eur J Immunol 12: 948

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bettens F, Kristensen F, Walker C, Schwulera U, Bonnard GD, de Weck AL (1984) Lymphokine regulation of activated (G1) lymphocytes. II. Glucocorticoid and anti-Tac induced inhibition of human T lymphocyte proliferation. J Immunol 132: 161

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bettens F, Kristensen F, Walker C, Bonnard GD, de Weck AL (to be published) Lymphokine regulation of human lymphocyte proliferation. Formation of resting (Go) cells by removal of interleukin 2 in cultures of proliferating T lymphocytes. Cell Immunol

  7. Bindon C, Czerniecki M, Ruell P, Edwards A, McCarthy WH, Harris R, Hersey P (1983) Clearance rates and systemic effects of intravenously administered interleukin 2 (IL 2) containing preparations in human subjects. Br J Cancer 47: 123

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bonnard GD, Yasaka K, Jacobson D (1979) Ligand-activated T cell growth factor-induced proliferation: absorption of T cell growth factor by activated T cells. J Immunol 123: 2704

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bonnard GD, Yasaka K, Maca RN (1980) Continued growth of functional T lymphocytes. Production of human T-cell growth factor. Cell Immunol 51: 390

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bonnard GD, Grove S, Strong DM (1983) A monoclonal antibody as a potential tool to isolate the human interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor. In: Oppenheim JJ Cohen S (eds) Roles of lymphokines and cytokines in immunoregulation. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bubenik J, Perlmann P, Indrova M, Simova J, Jandlova T, Neuwirt J (1983) Growth inhibition of an MC-induced mouse sarcoma by TCGF (IL 2)-containing preparations. Cancer Immunol Immunother 14: 205

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cantrell DA, Smith KA (1983) Transient expression of interleukin 2 receptors. J Exp Med 158: 1895

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chang MP, Makinodan T, Peterson WJ, Strehler BL (1982) Role of T cells and adherent cells in age-related decline in murine interleukin 2 production. J Immunol 129: 2426

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cotner T, Williams JM, Christenson L, Shapiro HM, Strom TB, Strominger J (1983) Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of human T cell activation, antigen expression and DNA content. J Exp Med 157: 461

    Google Scholar 

  15. Crabtree GR, Gillis S, Smith KA, Munck A (1979) Glucocorticoids and immune responses. Arthritis Rheum 22: 1246

    Google Scholar 

  16. Crabtree GB, Munck A, Smith KA (1980) Glucocorticoids and lymphocytes. I. Increased glucocorticoid receptor level in antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. J Immunol 124: 2430

    Google Scholar 

  17. Grabtree GR, Munck A, Smith KA (1980) Glucocorticoids and lymphocytes. II. Cell-cycle dependent changes in glucocorticoid receptor content. J Immunol 125: 13

    Google Scholar 

  18. Darzynkiewicz Z, Traganos F, Sharpless T, Melamed MR (1976) Lymphocyte stimulation: a rapid multiparameter analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 2881

    Google Scholar 

  19. De Weck AL (1981) Lymphokines and other immunoactive soluble cellular products: prospects for the future. In: Goldstein AL, Chirigos MA (eds) Lymphokines and thymic hormones. Their potential utilization in cancer therapeutics. Progress in cancer research and therapy, vol 20. Raven Press, New York, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  20. Falkoff RJM, Muraguchi A, Hong JX, Butler JL, Dinarello CA, Fauci AS (1983) The effect of interleukin 1 on human B cell activation and proliferation. J Immunol 131: 801

    Google Scholar 

  21. Frasca D, Garavini M, Doria G (1982) Recovery of T cell functions in aged mice injected with synthetic thymosin a-1. Cell Immunol 72: 384

    Google Scholar 

  22. Frey BM, Walker C, Frey FJ, de Weck AL (to be published) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three different prednisolone prodrugs: effect on circulating lymphocyte subsets and function. J. Immunol

  23. Fromenberg N, Welte K, Mertelsmann R, Kernan N, Ciobanu N, Venuta S, Feldman S, Kruger G, Kirkpatrick D, Dupont B, O'Reilly R (1983) Immunologic effects of interleukin-2 in primary immunodeficiency diseases. J Immunol 131: 2644

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gillis S, Grabtree GR, Smith KA (1979) Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of T cell growth factor production. I. The effect of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. J Immunol 123: 1624

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gillis S, Kozak R, Durante M, Weksler ME (1981) Immunologic studies of aging. Decreased production of and response to T-cell growth factor by lymphocytes from aged humans. J Clin Invest 67: 937

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gilman SC, Rosenberg JS, Feldman JD (1982) T lymphocytes of young and aged rats. II. Functional defects and the role of interleukin 2. J Immunol 126: 644

    Google Scholar 

  27. Giri JG, Kincade PW, Mizel SB (1984) Interleukin 1 mediated induction of k-light chain synthesis and surface immunoglobulin expression on pre-B cells. J Immunol 132: 223

    Google Scholar 

  28. Good RA, West A, Fernandes G (1980) Nutritional modulation of immune responses. Fed Proc 39: 3098

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hamilton TA (1982) Regulation of transferrin receptor expression in concanavalin A stimulated and Gross virus transformed rat lymphoblasts. J Cell Physiol 113: 40

    Google Scholar 

  30. Haregewoin A, Godal T, Mustafa AS, Belehu A, Yemaneberhan T (1983) T-cell conditioned media reverse T-cell unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy. Nature 303: 342

    Google Scholar 

  31. Haynes BF, Hemler M, Cotner T, Mann DL, Eisenbarth GS, Strominger JL, Fauci AS (1981) Characterization of a monoclonal antibody (5E9) that defines a human cell surface antigen of cell activation. J Immunol 127: 347

    Google Scholar 

  32. Helderman JH, Reynolds TC, Strom TB (1978) The insulin receptor as a universal marker of activated lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 8: 589

    Google Scholar 

  33. Helderman JH, Strom TB (1979) Role of protein and RNA synthesis in the development of insulin binding sites on activated thymic-derived lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 254: 2703

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hersey P, Bindon C, Czerniecki M, Spurling A, Wass J, McCarthy WH (1983) Inhibition of interleukin 2 production by factors released from tumor cells. J Immunol 131: 2837

    Google Scholar 

  35. Howard M, Paul WE (1983) Regulation of B cell growth and differentiation by soluble factors. Annu Rev Immunol 1: 307

    Google Scholar 

  36. Howard M, Matis L, Malek TR, Shevach E, Kell W, Cohen D, Nakanishi K, Paul WE (1983) Interleukin 2 induces antigen-reactive T cell lines to secrete BCGF. J Exp Med 158: 2024

    Google Scholar 

  37. Inaba K, Granelli-Piperno A, Steinmann RM (1983) Dendritic cells induce T lymphocytes to release B cell stimulating factors by an interleukin 2-dependent mechanism. J Exp Med 158: 2040

    Google Scholar 

  38. Johnson HM, Farrar WL (1983) The role of a gamma interferon-like lymphokine in the activation of T cells for expression of interleukin 2 receptors. Cell Immunol 75: 154

    Google Scholar 

  39. Joncourt F, Kristensen F, de Weck AL (1981) Ageing and immunity in outbred NMRI mice: lack of correlation between age-related decline of the response to T cell mitogens, the antibody response to a T-dependent antigen and lifespan in outbred NMRI mice. Clin Exp Immunol 44: 270

    Google Scholar 

  40. Joncourt F, Bettens F, Kristensen F, de Weck AL (1981) Age-related changes of mitogen responsiveness in different lymphoid organs from outbred NMRI mice. Immunobiology 158: 39

    Google Scholar 

  41. Joncourt F, Kristensen F, de Weck AL (1982) Age-related changes in Go - G1 transition and proliferative capacity of mitogen-stimulated murine spleen cells. Gerontology 28: 281

    Google Scholar 

  42. Joncourt F, Wang Y, Kristensen F, de Weck AL (1982) Aging and immunity: decrease in interleukin 2 production and interleukin 2-dependent RNA synthesis in lectin-stimulated murine spleen cells. Immunobiology 163: 521

    Google Scholar 

  43. Joncourt F, Wang Y, Kristensen F, de Weck AL (1984) Age-related changes in the formation of glucorticoid and insulin receptors during lectin-induced activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gerontology (in press)

  44. Jones S, Chen YW, Isakson P, Layton J, Pure E, Word C, Krammer PH, Tucker P, Vitetta ES (1983) Effect of T-cell derived lymphokines containing B cell differentiation factor(s) for IgG (BCDF-g) on g-specific mRNA in murine B cells. J Immunol 131: 3049

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kalimi M, Banerji A (1982) Age-related changes in the in vitro glucocorticoid responsiveness of rat spleen and splenic leukocytes. Gerontology 28: 91

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kasahara T, Hooks JJ, Dougherty SF, Oppenheim JJ (1983) Interleukin-2 mediated immune interferon production by human T cells and T cell subsets. J Immunol 130: 1784

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kay MMB (1980) Immunological aspects of aging. In: Kay MMB, Galpin E, Makinodan T (eds) Ageing, vol. 11. Raven Press, New York, p 33

    Google Scholar 

  48. Koponen M, Grieder A, Loor F (1982) The effects of cyclosporins on the cell cycle of T lymphoid cell lines. Exp Cell Res 140: 237

    Google Scholar 

  49. Koponen M, Loor F (1983) Activity of some natural and modified (fluorescent) cyclosporins on T cells. Ann Immunol (Paris) 134: 171

    Google Scholar 

  50. Koponen M, Loor F (1983) Cyclosporin-binding sites of murine sensitive and resistant lymphoid cell lines. Ann Immunol (Paris) 134: 207

    Google Scholar 

  51. Koshland M (1983) Presidential Address: molecular aspects of B cell differentiation. J Immunol 131: I

    Google Scholar 

  52. Kramer M, Koszinowski U (1982) T-cell specific suppressor factor (s) with regulatory influence on interleukin 2 production and function. J Immunol 128: 784

    Google Scholar 

  53. Kristensen F, de Weck AL (1982) Use of cytofluorometric techniques for assay of cell cycle regulating lymnphokines. In: Khan A, Hill NO (eds) Human lymphokines. The biological immune response modifiers. Academic Press, New York, p 451

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kristensen F, Joncourt F, de Weck AL (1981) The influence of serum on lymphocyte cultures. II. Cell cycle specificity of serum action in spleen cells. Scand J Immunol 14: 121

    Google Scholar 

  55. Kristensen F, Walker C, Joncourt F, Bettens F, de Weck AL (1982) Human lymphocyte proliferation. I. Correlation between activated and proliferating T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 5: 59

    Google Scholar 

  56. Kristensen F, Walker C, Bettens F, Joncourt F, de Weck AL (1982) Assessment of IL 1 and IL 2 effects on cycling and noncycling murine thymocytes. Cell Immunol 74: 140

    Google Scholar 

  57. Kristensen F, Bettens F, Walker C, Joncourt F, de Weck AL (1983) Relationship between cell cycle events and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production. In: Oppenheim JJ, Cohen S (eds) Role of lymphokines and cytokines in immunoregulation. Academic Press, New York p 43

    Google Scholar 

  58. Krug U, Krug F, Cuatrecasas P (1972) Emergence of insulin receptors on human lymphocytes during in vitro transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69: 2604

    Google Scholar 

  59. Lakatta EG (1980) Age-related alterations in the cardiovascular response to adrenergic mediated stress. Fed Proc 39: 3173

    Google Scholar 

  60. Lane HC, Masur M, Edgar LC, Whalen G, Rook AH, Fauci AS (1983) Abnormalities of B cell activation and immunoregulation in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 453: 309

    Google Scholar 

  61. Landman R, Bittiger H, Bühler FR (1981) High affinity beta-2-adrenergic receptors in mononuclear leucocytes: similar density in young and old normal subjects. Life Sci 29: 1761

    Google Scholar 

  62. Leonard WJ, Depper JM, Uchiyama T, Smith KA, Waldman TA, Green WC (1982) A monoclonal antibody that appears to recognize the receptor for human T cell growth factor; partial characterization of the receptor. Nature 300: 267

    Google Scholar 

  63. Lipkowitz S, Greene WC, Rubin AL, Novogrodsky A, Stenzel KH (1984) Expression of receptors for interleukin 2: role in the commitment of T lymphocytes to proliferate. J Immunol 132: 31

    Google Scholar 

  64. Lotze MT, Robb RJ, Frana LW, Seipp CA, Sharrow SS, Gelman ET, Longo DL, Rosenberg SA (to be published) Clinical studies with purified human IL 2 in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cancer. UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology. AR Liss, New York

  65. Makinodan T, Kay MB (1980) Age influence on the immune system. Adv Immunol 29: 287

    Google Scholar 

  66. Masoro EJ, Yu BP, Bertrand HA, Lynd FT (1980) Nutritional probe of the aging process. Fed Proc 39: 3178

    Google Scholar 

  67. Matsumoto SS, Yu J, Yu AL (1983) Inhibition of RNA synthesis by deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin in resting lymphocytes. J Immunol 131: 2762

    Google Scholar 

  68. Mazingue C, Dessaint JP, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Cerottini JC, Capron A (1983) Inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by a Schistosoma-derived ihibitory factor is independent of an inhibition of the production of interleukin 2. Int Archs Allergy Appl Immunol 72: 22

    Google Scholar 

  69. Merluzzi VJ, Kenney RE, Schmid FA, Choi YS, Frances RB (1981) Recovery of the in vivo cytotoxic T-cell response in cyclophosphamide-treated mice by injection of mixed-lymphocyte-culture supernatants. Cancer Res 41: 3663

    Google Scholar 

  70. Miller RA (1984) Age-associated decline in precursor frequency for different T cell-mediated reactions, with preservation of helper or cytotoxic effect per precursor cell. J Immunol 132: 63

    Google Scholar 

  71. Miyawaka T, Yachi A, Uwadana N, Onzeki S, Nagaoki T, Taniguchi N (1982) Functional significance of Tac antigen expressed on activated human T lymphocytes: Tac antigen interacts with T cell growth factor in cellular proliferation. J Immunol 129: 2474

    Google Scholar 

  72. Morgensen KE, Vignaux F, Gresser I (1982) Enhanced expression of cellular receptors for human. interferon on peripheral lymphocytes from patients with Down's syndrome. FEBS Lett 140: 285

    Google Scholar 

  73. Muraguchi A, Butler JL, Kehrl JH, Fauci AS (1983) Differential sencitivity of human B cell subsets to activation signals delivered by anti-u antibody and proliferation signals delivered by a monoclonal B cell growth factor. J Exp Med 157: 530

    Google Scholar 

  74. Muraguchi A, Kehrl JH, Butlker JL, Fauci AS (1984) Squential requirements for cell cycle progression of resting human B cells after activation by anti-Ig. J Immunol 132: 176

    Google Scholar 

  75. Munck A, Vira C (1975) Methods for assessing hormone-receptor kinetics with cells in suspension: receptor bound and nonspecific bound hormone; cytoplasmic nuclear translocation. Methods Enzymol 36: 255

    Google Scholar 

  76. Nakamura M, Manser T, Pearson GDN, Daley MJ, Gefter ML (1984) Effect of IFN-g on the immune response in vivo and on gene expression in vitro. Nature 307: 381

    Google Scholar 

  77. Neckers LM, Cossman J (1983) Transferrin receptor induction in mitogen-stimulated human T lymphocytes is required for DNA synthesis and cell division and is regulated by interleukin 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 3494

    Google Scholar 

  78. Newman R, Schneider C, Sutherland R, Vodinelich L, Greaves M (1982) The transferrin receptor. Trends Biochem Sci 397

  79. Niyawaki T, Yachie A, Uwadana N, Okzeki S, Nagaoki T, Taniguchi N (1982) Functional significance of Tac antigen expressed on activated human T lymphocytes: Tac antigen interacts with T cell growth factor in cellular proliferation. J Immunol 129: 2474

    Google Scholar 

  80. Nogueira N, Kaplan G, Levy E, Sarno EN, Kushner P, Granelli-Piperno A, Vieira L, Gould VC, Levis W, Steinmann R, Yip YK, Cohn ZA (1983) Defective gamma interferon production in leprosy. Reversal with antigen and interleukin 2. J Exp Med 158: 2165

    Google Scholar 

  81. Osheroff PL (1981) The effect of thymosin on glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoid cells. Cell Immunol 60: 376

    Google Scholar 

  82. Paganelli R, Aiuti F, Beverley PCL, Levinsky RJ (1983) Impaired production of interleukins in patients with cell-mediated immunodeficiencies. Clin Exp Immunol 51: 338

    Google Scholar 

  83. Palacios R (1982) Mechanism of T cell activation: role and functional relationship of HLA-DR antigens and interleukins. Immunol Rev 63: 73

    Google Scholar 

  84. Palacios R, Sugawara I (1982) Hydrocortisone abrogates proliferation of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by rendering the interleukin-2 producer T cells unresponsive to interleukin 1 and unable to synthesize the T-cell growth factor. Scand J Immunol 15: 25

    Google Scholar 

  85. Pardee AB, Dubrow R, Hamlin HL, Kletzren RF (1978) Animal cell cycle. Annu Rev Biochem 47: 715

    Google Scholar 

  86. Pawelec G, Schneider EM, Rehbein A, Schaa I, Wernet P (1983) Age-related loss of function of alloactivated interleukin 2-propagated human primed lymphocyte typing clones. Scand J Immunol 17: 147

    Google Scholar 

  87. Robb RJ, Munck A, Smith KA (1981) T cell growth factor receptors. Quantitation, specificity and biological relevance. J Exp Med 154: 1455

    Google Scholar 

  88. Rook AH, Masur H, Lana HC, Frederick W, Kasahara T, Macher AN, Djeu SY, Manischewitz JF, Jackson L, Fauci AS, Qinnan GV (1983) Interleukin 2 enhances the depressed natural killer and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic activities of lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Invest 72: 398

    Google Scholar 

  89. Rosenberg SA, Grimm EA, Mc Grogan M, Doyle M, Kawasaki E, Koths K, Mark DF (to be published) Biological activity of recombinant human interleukin 2 produced in E. Coli. Science

  90. Rosenberg SA, Spiess PJ, Schwarz S (1983) In vivo administration of interleukin 2 enhances specific alloimmune responses. Transplantation 35: 631

    Google Scholar 

  91. Roth GS (1979) Hormone receptor changes during adulthood and senescence: significance for aging research. Fed Proc 38: 1910

    Google Scholar 

  92. Sartin J, Chaudhuri M, Obenrader M, Adelman RC (1980) The role of hormones in changing adaptive mechanisms during aging. Fed Proc 39: 3163

    Google Scholar 

  93. Sidman CL, Paige CJ, Schreier MH (1984) B cell maturation factor (BMF): a lymphokine or family of lymphokines promoting the maturation of B lymphocytes. J Immunol 132: 209

    Google Scholar 

  94. Slauson DO, Walker C, Kristensen F, Wang Y, de Weck AL (1983) Mechanisms of serotonin-induced lymphocyte proliferation inhibition. Clin Exp Immunol 54: 501

    Google Scholar 

  95. Smith KA (1980) T cell growth factor. Immunol Rev 51: 337

    Google Scholar 

  96. Smith KA, Crabtree GR, Kennedy SJ, Manck AU (1977) Glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid sensitivity of mitogen stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes. Nature 267: 523

    Google Scholar 

  97. Smith KA, Baker PE, Gillis S, Ruscetti SC (1980) Functional and molecular characteristics of T cell growth factor. Mol Immunol 17: 579

    Google Scholar 

  98. Smith KA, Lachman LB, Oppenheim JJ, Favata MF (1980) The functional relationship of the interleukins. J Exp Med 151: 1551

    Google Scholar 

  99. Stadler BM, Kristensen F, de Weck AL (1980) Thymocyte activation by cytokines: direct assessment of G0-G1 transition by flow cytometry. Cell Immunol 55: 436.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Stadler BM, Daugherty S, Farrar JJ, Oppenheim JJ (1981) Relationship of cell cycle to recovery of IL 2 activity from human mononuclear cells, human and mouse T cell lines. J Immunol 127: 1936

    Google Scholar 

  101. Thoman ML, Weigle WO (1981) Lymphokines and aging: interleukin 2 production and activity in aged animals. J Immunol 127: 2102

    Google Scholar 

  102. Thoman ML, Weigle WO (1982) Cell-mediated immunity in aged mice: an underlying lesion in IL 2 synthesis. J Immunol 128: 2358

    Google Scholar 

  103. Torres BA, Farrar WL, Johnson HM (1982) Interleukin 2 regulates immune interferon production by normal and suppressor cell cultures. J Immunol 128: 2217

    Google Scholar 

  104. Traill KN, Wick G (1984) Lipids and lymphocyte function. Immunol Today 5: 70

    Google Scholar 

  105. Trowbridge IS, Lopez F (1982) Monoclonal antibody to transferrin receptor blocks transferrin binding and exhibits human tumor cell growth in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 1175

    Google Scholar 

  106. Uchiyama T, Broder S, Waldman TA (1981) A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. I. Production of anti-Tac monoclonal antibody and distribution of Tac (+) cells. J Immunol 126: 1393

    Google Scholar 

  107. Uchiyama T, Nelson DL, Fleisher TA, Waldman TA (1981) A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. II. Expression of Tac antigen on activated cytotoxic killer T cells, suppressor cells and on one of the two types of helper T cells. J Immunol 126: 1398

    Google Scholar 

  108. Vose BM, Ferguson R, Moore M (1982) Mitogen responsiveness and inhibitory activity of mesenteric lymph node cells. Conditioned medium containing T cell growth factor reverses suppressor function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 13: 105

    Google Scholar 

  109. Wagner H, Hardt C, Heeg K, Röllinghoff M, Pfizenmaier K (1980) T-cell derived helper factor allows in vivo induction of cytotoxic T cells in nu/nu mice. Nature 284: 278

    Google Scholar 

  110. Walford RL, Liu RK, Gerbase-Delima M, Mathies M, Smith GS (1973) Long-term dietary restriction and immune function in mice: response to sheep red blood cells and to mitogenic agents. Mech Age Dev 2: 447

    Google Scholar 

  111. Walker C, Kristensen F, Bettens F, de Weck AL (1983) Lymphokine regulation of activated (G1) cells. I. Prostaglandin E2 induced inhibition of interleukin 2 production. J Immunol 130: 1770

    Google Scholar 

  112. Wang Y, Joncourt F, Kristensen F, de Weck AL (to be published) Cell cycle related changes in number of T lymphocyte receptors for glucocorticoids and insulin. J Immunopharmacol.

  113. Wang Y, Kristensen F, Joncourt F, Slauson DO, de Weck AL (1983) Analysis of 3H-histamine interaction with lymphocytes: receptor binding or uptake? Clin. exp. Immunol. 54, 501

    Google Scholar 

  114. Weksler ME (1981) The senescence of the immune system. Hosp Pract: 53

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Weck, A.L., Kristensen, F., Joncourt, F. et al. Lymphocyte proliferation, lymphokine production, and lymphocyte receptors in ageing and various clinical conditions. Springer Semin Immunopathol 7, 273–289 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201961

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201961

Keywords

Navigation