Skip to main content
Log in

A sequence of tests of minute human blood stains for human origin identification and ABO blood grouping

  • Originalarbeiten
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

A series of examinations is presented for human origin identification and ABO blood grouping of doubtful minute human blood stains. A blood-stained thread (0.5 cm in length) was first tested to identify human origin by microprecipitation method and then the ABO blood type was determined by both a modified absorption-elution test and a modified mixed agglutination. In the continuous tests, the maximum limits of positive reactions of the microprecipitation method, the modified absorption-elution test, and the modified mixed agglutination were 1:640, 1:160, and 1:2,560 diluted blood, respectively. A and B agglutinogens were more sensitively determined than H agglutinogen. Hemagglutinogens of blood stains on cotton threads were more easily detected than those of polyester ones.

Zusammenfassung

Es werden drei kontinuierliche Verfahren zur Identifizierung von menschlichem Blut und zur Bestimmung der ABO-Blutgruppen an einem verdächtigen winzigen Blutfleck (ein Faden mit einer Länge von 0,5 cm) beschrieben. Nach der Menschenblutbestimmung des verdächtigen Blutflecks mittels Mikropräzipitationsmethode wurden die ABO-Blutgruppen durch eine modifizierte Absorptions-Elutions-Methode bestimmt, und schließlich wurde eine verbesserte Mischzellagglutination zur Blutgruppenbestimmung am verdächtigen Blutfleck ausgeführt. Die maximalen Grenzen der positiven Reaktionen lagen bei folgenden Blutverdünnungen: (1) Mikropräzipitationsmethode 1:640; (2) modifizierte Absorptions-Elutions-Methode 1:160 und (3) verbesserte Mischzellagglutination 1:2560. Die Empfindlichkeit der Feststellung von A- und B-Agglutinogen auf dem Blutfleck war höher als die von H-Agglutinogen. Der Nachweis von Hämagglutinogenen des Blutflecks wurde auf dem Baumwollfaden leichter erbracht als bei dem Blutfleck auf dem Polyesterfaden.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Katsura S, Nakano H, Hirano K, Saito S, Suzuki K (1982) Continuous determination of species and ABO blood groups from single microscopic blood stains. Jpn J Leg Med 36:321–328 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Katsura S (1964) A new serological method for the detection of fetal hemoglobin in the single erythrocyte. Yokohama Med Bull 15:117–126

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kind SS (1960) Absorption-elution grouping of dried bloodstains on fabrics. Nature 187:789–790

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yada S (1962) Determination of the ABO groups of blood stains by means of elution test. Jpn J Leg Med 16:290–294

    Google Scholar 

  5. Coombs R, Dodd B (1961) Possible application of the principle of mixed agglutination in the identification of blood stains. Med Sci Law 1:357–377

    Google Scholar 

  6. Akaishi S (1965) Studies on the group-specific double combination method. Jpn J Leg Med 19:177–187 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Tokiwa K, Niitsu H, Kumagai R, Sato M, Wada M, Katsura S (1983) Properties of antibodies in goat anti-human hemoglobin A0 sera separated by affinity chromatography. Jpn J Leg Med 37:99–108 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tsutsubuchi Y, Tomii S, Yoshida K (1984) Further purification and characterization of an ethanol precipitate with anti-H agglutinin activity from Ulex seeds by DEAE cellulose chromatography. Rep Nat Res Inst Police Sci 37:161–168 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bhatia HM (1964) Serological specificity of anti-H blood group antibodies. Ind J Med Res 52:5–14

    Google Scholar 

  10. Culliford BJ (1964) Precipitin reaction in forensic problems. Nature 201:1092–1094

    Google Scholar 

  11. Divall GB (1984) Methods in molecular biology. 1. Proteins. The Human Press Inc, New Jersey, pp 311–316

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wiener AS, Hyman MA, Handman L (1949) A new serological test (inhibition test) for human serum globulin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 71:96–99

    Google Scholar 

  13. Grobbelaar BG, Skinner HNG (1970) The anti-human globulin inhibition test in the identification of human blood stains. J Forensic Med 17:103–111

    Google Scholar 

  14. Taki K (1976) Hemoglobin A1 quantity in individual red cells of normal adults. Tohoku J Exp Med 119:71–77

    Google Scholar 

  15. Katsura S, Fujisawa R, Niitsu H, Tokiwa K (1981) Comparative studies between the ring test and microprecipitation method on detection of human blood from small or minute blood stains. Jpn J Leg Med 35:422–431 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tokiwa, K. A sequence of tests of minute human blood stains for human origin identification and ABO blood grouping. Z Rechtsmed 97, 157–164 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201238

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201238

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation