References
Abelmann WH (1973) Viral myocarditis and its sequelae. Annu Rev Med 24: 145
Blalock JE, Stanton JD (1980) Common pathways of interferon and hormonal action. Nature 283: 406
Bolte HD (1984) Viral heart disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Bowles NE, Richardson PJ, Olsen EGJ, Archard LC (1986) Detection of coxsackie B virus-specific RNA sequences in myocardial biopsy samples from patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet I: 1120
Brahic M, Haase AT, Cash E (1984) Simultaneous in situ detection of viral RNA and antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 5445
Dec GW, Palacios IF, Fallon JT, Aretz HT, Mills J, Lee DC-S, Johnson RA (1985) Active myocarditis in the spectrum of acute dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 312: 885
Gresser I (1984) Role of interferon in resistance to viral infection in vivo. In: Vilcek J, De Maeyer E (eds) Interferon, vol 2: Interferons and the Immune System, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 221–247
Gubler U, Hoffmann BJ (1983) A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene 25: 263
Haase A, Brahic M, Stowring L, Blum H (1984) Detection of viral nucleic acids by in situ hybridization. Methods Virol 7: 189
Herrmann JE, Hendry RM, Collins MF (1979) Factors involved in enzyme-linked immunoassay of viruses and evaluation of the method for identification of enteroviruses. J Clin Microbiol 10: 210
Hyypiä T, Stålhandske P, Vainionpää R, Petterson U (1984) Detection of enteroviruses by spot hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 19: 436
Iizuka N, Kuge S, Nomoto A (1987) Complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of coxsackievirus B1. Virology 156: 64
Jenkins O, Booth JD, Minor PH, Almond JW (1987) The complete nucleotide sequence of coxsackie virus B4 and its comparison to other members of picornaviridae. J Gen Virol 68: 1835
Johnson RA, Palacios I (1982) Dilated cardiomyopathies of the adult. N Engl J Med 307: 1119
Joklik WK (1986) Interferons. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM (eds) Fundamental virology. Raven Press, New York, pp 281–307
Kandolf R (1988) The impact of recombinant DNA technology on the study of enterovirus heart disease. In: Bendinelli M, Friedman H (eds) Coxsackieviruses — A general update. Plenum Press, New York, pp 293–318
Kandolf R, Hofschneider PH (1984) Effect of interferon on the replication of coxsackie B3 virus in cultured human foetal heart cells. In: Bolte HD (ed) Viral heart disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 57–63
Kandolf R, Hofschneider PH (1985) Molecular cloning of the genome of a cardiotropic coxsackie B3 virus: full-length reverse-transcribed recombinant cDNA generates infectious virus in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 4818
Kandolf R, Hofschneider PH (1989) Enterovirus-induced cardiomyopathy. In: Notkins AL, Oldstone MBA (eds) Concepts in viral pathogenesis, vol 3. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg (in press)
Kandolf R, Canu A, Hofschneider PH (1985) Coxsackie B3 virus can replicate in cultured human foetal heart cells and is inhibited by interferon. J Mol Cell Cardiol 17: 167
Kandolf R, Kirschner P, Ameis D, Canu A, Hofschneider PH (1986) Virale Herzerkrankung: Etablierung einer neuen hochsensitiven Diagnostik der Virusinfektion des Myokards durch in situ DNA-RNA Hybridisierung. Z Kardiol [Supp 1] 75: 57
Kandolf R, Ameis D, Kirschner P, Canu A, Hofschneider PH (1987) In situ detection of enteroviral genomes in myocardial cells: an approach to the diagnosis of viral heart disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6272
Kandolf R, Kirschner P, Ameis D, Canu A, Hofschneider PH (1987) Cultured human heart cells: a model system for the study of the antiviral activity of interferons. Eur Heart J [Suppl J] 8: 453
Kilbourne E, Horsfall F (1951) Lethal infections with coxsackievirus of adult mice given cortison. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 77: 135
Kitamura N, Semler BL, Rothberg PG, Larsen GR, Adler CJ, Dorner AJ, Emini EA, Hanecack R, Lee JJ, van der Werf S, Anderson CW, Wimmer E (1981) Primary structure, gene organization and polypeptide expression of poliovirus RNA. Nature 291: 547
Klump W, Marquardt O, Hofschneider PH (1984) Biologically active protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus is expressed from cloned cDNA in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3351
Lindberg AM, Stålhandske POK, Petterson U (1987) Genome of coxsackievirus B3. Virology 156: 50
Melnick JL (1985) Enteroviruses: polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses. In: Fields BN (ed) Virology. Raven Press, New York, pp 739–794
Melnick JL, Wenner HA, Phillips CA (1979) Enteroviruses. In: Lennette EH, Schmidt NJ (eds) Diagnostic procedures for viral, rickettsial and chlamydial infections, 5th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., pp 471–534
Mertens T, Pika U, Eggers HJ (1983) Cross antigenicity among enteroviruses as revealed by immunoblot technique. Virology 129: 431
Nelson JA, Fleckenstein B, Galloway DA, McDougall JL (1982) Transformation of NIH 3T3 cells with cloned fragments of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169. J Virol 43: 83
Okayama H, Berg P (1982) High-efficiency cloning of full-length cDNA. Mol Cell Biol 2: 161
Racaniello VR, Baltimore D (1981) Molecular cloning of poliovirus cDNA and determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the viral genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4887
Remaut E, Tsao H, Fiers W (1983) Improved plasmid vectors with a thermoinducible expression and temperature-regulated runaway replication. Gene 22: 103
Reyes MP, Lerner AM (1985) Coxsackievirus myocarditis — with special reference to acute and chronic effects. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 27: 373
Rueckert RR, Wimmer E (1984) Systematic nomenclature of picornavirus proteins. J Virol 50: 957
Tracy S (1984) A comparison of genomic homologies among the coxsackievirus B group: use of fragments of the cloned coxsackievirus B3 genome as probes. J Gen Virol 65: 2167
Tracy S, Liu HL, Chapman NM (1985) Coxsackie-virus B3: primary structure of the 5′ non-coding region and capsid protein coding regions of the genome. Virus Res 3: 263
Weinstein C, Fenoglio JJ (1987) Myocarditis. Hum Pathol 18: 613
Werner S, Klump WM, Schönke H, Hofschneider PH, Kandolf R (1988) Expression of coxsackievirus B3 proteins in Escherichia coli and generation of virus-specific antisera. DNA 7: 307
Wimmer E, Kuhn RJ, Pincus S, Yang CF, Toyoda H, Nicklin MJH, Takeda N (1987) Molecular events leading to picornavirus genome replication. J Cell Sci [Suppl] 7: 251
Wolf H, zur Hausen H, Becker V (1973) EB viral genomes in epithelial nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Nature New Biol 244: 245
Woodruff JF (1980) Viral myocarditis — a review. Am J Pathol 101: 427
Wynne J, Braunwald E (1980) The cardiomyopathies and myocarditides. In: Braunwald E (ed) Heart disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1437–1498
Yolken RH, Torsch VM (1981) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection and identification of coxsackieviruses A. Infect Immun 31: 742
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kandolf, R., Hofschneider, P.H. Viral heart disease. Springer Semin Immunopathol 11, 1–13 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197080
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197080