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Infection in massive bone allografts sterilised by radiation

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Summary

Massive bone allografts sterilised by radiation have been used in our hospital since 1985. The 164 consecutive reconstructions which we carried out before December 1990 were in equal part for tumour resections and revision arthroplasties associated with major bone defects. The allografts were used as intercalary or composite graft-prosthesis reconstructions. Fourteen (8.5%) skin sloughs or infections occurred, all but one after operations for malignant tumours. The grafts never appeared to be responsible. Infection after malignant tumour resection most commonly occurred at the knee when preoperative radiation had been used. Twenty-five reconstructions were performed in the presence of infection, which only recurred in one case. Twelve infections were treated, but 2 other patients died for other reasons within a year. One patient had to have an amputation and one had persistent infection. In the other cases, the infection healed. Only two debridements alone were successful. Removal of the graft and replacement with antibiotic-loaded cement was the most effective treatment.

Résumé

Les auteurs ont utilisé depuis 1985 des allogreffes massives radio-stérilisées. Des 164 reconstructions successives faites jusqu'à Décembre 1990, la moitié concernait des tumeurs et l'autre des reprises de prothèses avec dégâts osseux majeurs (excluant les petites reconstructions faites avec des têtes fémorales de banque). Il s'agissait de reconstructions intercalaires ou composites (allogreffe-prothèse). Quatorze nécroses cutanées ou infections ont été observées (8,5%). Toutes concernaient des reconstructions pour tumeurs malignes, sauf une, survenue après révision d'une prothèse initialement septique. Les greffes n'ont jamais paru être la cause de l'infection. Le risque septique s'est avéré plus important après résection tumorale et pourtant le rôle de la chimiothérapie n'a pu être prouvé. Des lambeaux de couverture auraient dû éviter les nécroses cutanées qui sont toutes survenues au genou. Vingt-cinq reconstructions ont été faites alors qu'il existait des antécédents d'infection; une seule a récidivé. Douze infections ont été traitées (deux malades étant décédés au cours de la première année d'une cause non infectieuse). Un patient ayant reçu une radiothérapie pré-opératoire a dû être amputé et une infection persiste après un nettoyage simple. Dans les autres cas, l'infection est apparemment guérie, le plus souvent après ablation de la greffe, remplacée temporairement par du ciment imprégné d'antibiotiques, avant reconstruction osseuse secondaire.

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Loty, B., Tomeno, B., Evrard, J. et al. Infection in massive bone allografts sterilised by radiation. International Orthopaedics 18, 164–171 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192473

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