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Surface pressure and heat transfer measurements in a turbine cascade with unsteady oncoming wakes

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Abstract

Unsteady surface pressure and heat transfer have been measured on a blade of a linear turbine cascade exposed to unsteady oncoming wakes generated by moving cylinders on a squirrel cage device. The Reynolds number and the Strouhal number corresponded to the values in a real turbomachine. The periodic components of pressure and heat transfer showed clear response to the unsteady wakes. However, the distribution along the blade surface of both pressure and heat transfer coefficient changed very little from phase to phase. The heat transfer results have shown that the boundary layer on the pressure side remained laminar for all cases, but that the boundary layers on the suction side became transitional under the wake disturbance. With increasing wake-passing frequency, the start of the transition moved forward. Increasing the wake-passing frequency resulted in a significant increase in heat transfer along the whole blade surface including the portions where the boundary layers were nominally laminar.

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Abbreviations

C p :

pressure coefficient

dt :

time step of data acquisition

F :

any measured instantaneous quantity

〈F〉:

ensemble average

F′:

turbulent fluctuation

\(\bar F\) :

time average

\(\tilde F\) :

periodic component

f :

cylinder-passing frequency

h :

heat transfer coefficient

p :

pressure

q c :

convective heat transfer rate per unit area

s :

blade surface arc length coordinate

s o :

blade surface arc length from leading edge to trailing edge

Str:

Strouhal number = f × chord/U inf

T :

cylinder-passing period

T e :

free stream flow temperature

Tu :

turbulence level

T w :

blade surface temperature

U :

velocity component in x-direction for blade to blade flow, or streamwise velocity component in boundary layer

V :

velocity component in y-direction

x :

x-coordinate

y :

y-coordinate

ϱ :

air density

v :

kinematic viscosity of air

cyl:

cylinder

e :

external

inf:

oncoming flow condition

References

  • Dring RP; Joslyn HD; Blair MF (1987) The effects of inlet turbulence and rotor/ stator interactions on the aerodynamics and heat transfer of a large-scale rotating turbine model. NASA Contract Report 179469, UTRC-R86-956480-4

  • Dullenkopf K; Schulz A; Wittig S (1990) The effect of incident wake conditions on the mean heat transfer of an airfoil. ASME Paper 90-GT-121

  • Dunn MG (1989) Phase and time-resolved measurements of unsteady heat transfer and pressure in a full stage rotating turbine. ASME Paper 89-GT-135

  • Hilditch MA; Ainsworth RW (1990) Unsteady heat transfer measurements on a rotating gas turbine blade. ASME Paper 90-GT-175

  • Hodson HP; Huntsman I; Steele AB (1993) An investigation of boundary layer development in a multistage LP turbine. ASME Paper 93-GT-310

  • Liu X; Rodi W (1989) A hot-film technique for time resolved heat-transfer measurements in unsteady flows. Proc. International Conference on Fluid Dynamic Measurements and its Applications, October 1989, Beijing, China, pp 229–234

  • Liu X; Rodi W (1991) Unsteady flow and heat transfer in a linear turbine cascade. Rept. No. 683, Institute for Hydromechanics, University of Karlsruhe

  • Liu X; Rodi W (1994) Velocity measurements of wake-induced unsteady flow in a linear turbine cascade. Exp Fluids

  • Wittig S; Schulz A; Dullenkopf K; Fairbank J (1988) Effects of freestream turbulence and wake characteristics on the heat transfer along a cooled gas turbine blade. ASME Paper 88-GT-179

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Author notes

  1. X. Liu

    Present address: Pratt & Whitney Canada, Mississauga, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Hydromechanik, Universität Karlsruhe, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany

    X. Liu & W. Rodi

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  1. X. Liu
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  2. W. Rodi
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Additional information

The work reported here was sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology through program TURBOTHERM under contract no. 0326501D. The authors should like to thank Mr. D. Bierwirth for his excellent technician work on this project, Dr. N. H. Cho for his help with the preparation of the plots and Mrs. R. Zschernitz for her expert typing of the text.

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Liu, X., Rodi, W. Surface pressure and heat transfer measurements in a turbine cascade with unsteady oncoming wakes. Experiments in Fluids 17, 171–178 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00190914

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00190914

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