Skip to main content
Log in

Notes on the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections

Observations, experiments, and speculations

  • Original Investigations
  • Published:
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Despite extensive investigations over the last decades, several aspects of the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections in humans and animals are only poorly understood, such as the molecular basis of virulence (in particular of neurovirulence), tissue tropisms (e. g. the precise site of initial virus replication in the human intestinal tract), and precipitating factors of paralytic disease (“disposition”). Studies on poliovirus myocarditis in man are reviewed. Unequivocal evidence on replication of poliovirus type 2 (strains MEF1 and Lansing) in newborn and suckling mice and on poliovirus myocarditis is presented. Our observations strengthen the thesis of similar pathogenic potentials of the enterovirus group.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anderson GW, Anderson G, Skaar A, Sandler F (1952) Poliomyelitis in pregnancy. Am J Hyg 55:127–139

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aycock WL, (1942) Familial aggregation in poliomyelitis. Am J Med Sci 203:452–465

    Google Scholar 

  3. Beale AJ (1990) Polio vaccines: time for a change in immunization policy? Lancet I:839–845

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bertalanffy FD, Lau C (1962) Cell renewal. Int Rev Cytol 13:357–366

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bodian D (1949) Histopathologic basis of clinical findings in poliomyelitis. Am J Med 6:563–578

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bodian D (1955): Emerging concept of poliomyelitis infection. Science 122:105–108

    Google Scholar 

  7. De Somer P, Prinzie A, Schonne E (1959) Infectivity of polio virus ribonucleic acid for embryonated eggs and unsusceptible cell lines. Nature 184:652–653

    Google Scholar 

  8. De la Torre JC, Wimmer E, Holland JJ (1990) Very high frequency of reversion to guanidine resistance in clonal pools of guanidine-dependent type 1 poliovirus. J Virol 64:664–671

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dunham WB, Ewing FM (1957) Propagation of poliovirus in chick embryo cell cultures. I. Cultivation of 3 virus types. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 95:637–639

    Google Scholar 

  10. Eggers HJ (1990) Rotavirusinfektionen. Z. Gastroenterol [Verh] 25:75–78

    Google Scholar 

  11. Eggers HJ (1990) Studien zur Pathogenese von Picornavirus Infektionen. Nova Acta Leopoldina (in press)

  12. Eggers HJ, Bueltmann BD (1981) Virus und Herz. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 65:127–132

    Google Scholar 

  13. Eggers HJ, Mertens T (1987) Viruses and myocardium: notes of a virologist. Eur Heart J 8 [Suppl. J]:129–133

    Google Scholar 

  14. Eggers HJ, Mertens T (1987) Polio vaccination. JAMA 258:322–323

    Google Scholar 

  15. Eggers HJ, Sabin AB (1959) Factors determining pathogenicity of variants of Echo 9 virus for newborn mice. J Exp Med 110:951–967

    Google Scholar 

  16. Eggers HJ, Sabin AB (1961) A phase contrast microprecipitin test with poliovirus antigens. II. Arch Ges Virusforsch 11:152–175

    Google Scholar 

  17. Eggers HJ, Tamm I (1965) Coxsackie A9 virus: mutation from drug dependence to drug independence. Science 148:97–98

    Google Scholar 

  18. Eggers HJ, Roskopf U, Arnold G (1983) Myocarditis in experimental poliomyelitis. A contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 255:164

    Google Scholar 

  19. Enders JF, Holloway A, Grogan EA (1967) Replication of poliovirus in chick embryo and hamster cells exposed to Sendai virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 57:637–644

    Google Scholar 

  20. Faber HK, (1955) The pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1–157

    Google Scholar 

  21. Flexner S, Lewis PA (1910) Experimental epidemic poliomyelitis in monkeys. J Exp Med 12:227–255

    Google Scholar 

  22. Holland JJ (1961) Receptor affinities as major determinants of enterovirus tissue tropisms in humans. Virology 15:312–326

    Google Scholar 

  23. Holland JJ (1961) Enterovirus entrance into specific host cells, and subsequent alterations of cell protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Bacteriol Rev 28:3–13

    Google Scholar 

  24. Holland JJ, McLaren LC, Syverton JT (1959) The mammalian cell-virus relationship. IV. Infection of naturally insusceptible cells with enterovirus nucleic acid. J Exp Med 110:65–80

    Google Scholar 

  25. Horstmann DM, Melnick JL, Ward R, Fleitas MJS (1947) The susceptibility of infant rhesus monkeys to poliomyelitis virus administered by mouth. J Exp Med 86:309–323

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jubelt B, Gallez-Hawkins G, Narayan O, Johnson RT (1980) Pathogenesis of human poliovirus infection in mice. I. Clinical and pathological studies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 39:138–148

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jungeblut CW, Edwards JE (1951) Isolation of poliomyelitis virus from the heart in fatal cases. Am J Clin Pathol 21:601–623

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kanamitsu M, Kasamaki A, Ogawa M, Kasahara S, Imamura M (1967) Immunofluorescent study on the pathogenesis of oral infection of poliovirus in monkey. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 20:175–194

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kling C, Wernstedt W, Petterson A (1912) Recherches sur le mode de propagation des la paralysie infantile épidémique (maladie de Heine-Medin). Premier memoire. Z Immunitätsforsch 12:316–323

    Google Scholar 

  30. Kling C, Wernstedt W, Pettersson A (1912) Recherches sur le mode de propagation de la paralysie infantile épidémique (maladie de Heine-Medin). Deuxième mémoire. Z Immunitätsforsch 12:657–670

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kunin CM (1964) Cellular susceptibility to enteroviruses. Bacteriol Rev 28:382–390

    Google Scholar 

  32. Macadam AJ, Arnold C, Howlett J, John A, Marsden S, Taffs F, Reeve P, Hamada N, Wareham K, Almond J, Cammack N, Minor PD (1989) Reversion of the attenuated and temperature-sensitive phenotypes of the Sabin type 3 strain of poliovirus in vaccinees. Virology 172:408–414

    Google Scholar 

  33. McKinney RE, Katz SL, Wilfert CMW (1987) Chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis in agammaglobulinemic patients. Rev Infect Dis 9:334–356

    Google Scholar 

  34. Martin A, Wychowski C, Couderc T, Crainic R, Hogle J, Girard M (1988) Engineering a poliovirus type 2 antigenic site on a type 1 capsid results in a chimaeric virus which is neurovirulent for mice. EMBO J 7:2839–2847

    Google Scholar 

  35. Melnick JL, Schmidt NJ, Mirkovic RR, Chumakov MP, Lavrova IK, Voroshilova MK (1979) Identification of Bulgarian strain 258 of enterovirus 71. Intervirology 12:297–302

    Google Scholar 

  36. Mendelsohn CL, Wimmer E, Racaniello VR (1989) Cellular receptor poliovirus: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Cell 56:855–865

    Google Scholar 

  37. Mertens T, Pika U, Eggers HJ (1983) Cross antigenicity among enteroviruses as revealed by immunoblot technique. Virology 129:431–442

    Google Scholar 

  38. Minor PD, John A, Ferguson M, Icenogle JP (1986) Antigenic and molecular evolution of the vaccine strain of type 3 poliovirus during the period of excretion by a primary vaccinee. J Gen Virol 67:693–706

    Google Scholar 

  39. Minor PD, Dunn G, Evans DMA, Magrath DI, John A, Howlett J, Phillips A, Westrop G, Wareham K, Almond JW, Hogle JM (1989) The temperature sensitivity of the Sabin type 3 vaccine strain of poliovirus: molecular and structural effects of a mutation in the capsid protein VP3. J Gen Virol 70:1117–1123

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mountain IM, Alexander HE (1959) Infectivity of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from type 1 poliovirus in embryonated egg. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 101:527–532

    Google Scholar 

  41. Nkowane BM, Wassilak SGF, Orenstein WA, Bart KJ, Schonberger LB, Hinman AR, Kew OM (1987) Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. JAMA 257:1335–1340

    Google Scholar 

  42. Nottay BK, Kew OM, Hatch MH, Heyward JT, Obijeski JF (1981) Molecular variation of type 1 vaccine-related and wild polioviruses during replication in humans. Virology 108:405–423

    Google Scholar 

  43. Olin G (1952) The epidemiologia pattern of poliomyelitis in Sweden from 1905 to 1950. In: Poliomyelitis: Papers and Discussions Presented at the Second International Poliomyelitis Conference, Lippincott Philadelphia, pp367–375

    Google Scholar 

  44. Peart AFW (1949) An outbreak of poliomyelitis in Canadian eskimos in wintertime. Eidemiological features. Can J Public Health 40:405–417

    Google Scholar 

  45. Racaniello VR (1988) Poliovirus neurovirulence. Adv Virus Res 34:217–246

    Google Scholar 

  46. Roskopf U (1985) Studien zur Pathologie und Chemotherapie der Poliomyelitis in der Maus. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Hohen Mathem.-Naturw. Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1985

  47. Sabin AB (1954) Noncytopathogenic variants of poliomyelitis viruses and resistance to superinfection in tissue culture. Science 120:357

    Google Scholar 

  48. Sabin AB (1956) Pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. Reappraisal in the light of new data. Science 123:1151–1157

    Google Scholar 

  49. Sabin AB (1981) Paralytic poliomyelitis: old dogmas and new perspectives. Rev Infect Dis 3:543–564

    Google Scholar 

  50. Sabin AB, Olitsky PK (1936) Cultivation of poliovirus in vitro in human embryonic nervous tissue. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 34:357–359

    Google Scholar 

  51. Seddon HJ, Agius T, Bernstein HGG, Tunbridge RE (1945) The poliomyelitis epidemic in Malta 1942–3. Q J Med 14:1–26

    Google Scholar 

  52. Shindarov LM, Chumakow MP, Voroshilova MK, Bojinov S, Vasilenko SM, Iordanov I, Kirov ID, Kamenov E, Leshchinskaya EV, Mitov G, Robinson IA, Sivchev S, Staikov S (1979) Epidemiological, clinical, and pathomorphological characteristics of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease caused by enterovirus 71. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 23:284–295

    Google Scholar 

  53. Skinner MA, Racaniello VR, Dunn G, Cooper J, Minor PD, Almond JW (1989) New model for the secondary structure of the 5′ non-coding RNA of poliovirus is supported by biochemical and genetic data that also show that RNA secondary structure is important in neurovirulence. J Mol Biol 207:379–392

    Google Scholar 

  54. Voroshilova MK, Chumakov MP (1959) Poliomyelitis-like properties of AB-IV-coxsackie A7 group of viruses. Prog Med Virol 2:106–170

    Google Scholar 

  55. Weinstein L (1957) Cardiovascular disturbances in poliomyelitis. Circulation 15:735–756

    Google Scholar 

  56. Westrop GD, Wareham KA, Evans DMA, Dunn G, Minor PD, Magrath DI, Taffs F, Marsden S, Skinner MA, Schild GC, Almond JW (1989) Genetic basis of attenuation of the Sabin type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine. J Virol 63:1338–1344

    Google Scholar 

  57. Wilfert CM, Buckley RH, Mohanakumar T, Griffith JF, Katz SL, Whisnant JK, Eggleston PA, Moore M, Treadwell E, Oxman MN, Rosen FS (1977) Persistent and fatal central-nervous-system echovirus infections in patients with agammaglobulinemia. N Engl J Med 296:1485–1489

    Google Scholar 

  58. Wyatt HV (1973) Hypothesis: poliomyelitis in hypogammaglobulinemics. J Infect Dis 128:802–806

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Eggers, H.J. Notes on the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections. Med Microbiol Immunol 179, 297–306 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00189608

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00189608

Keywords

Navigation