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Regeneration of perineurium after nerve injury and autografting

An experimental study

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Summary

Regeneration of the perineurium after crush injury to the rat sciatic nerve and after autografting was studied in an experimental model. After injury, fibroblast-like cells formed compartments inside the funiculus which gradually acquired the characteristics of the perineurial cell. After grafting, the pattern of perineural regeneration depended on the degree of Schwann cell damage. In the graft and distal nerve trunk the epineurium degenerated and disappeared and new perineurial tissue was formed by endoneurial fibroblasts from the inside of the funiculus. At the suture line, fibroblasts encircled the regenerating axons and the Schwann cells to form new compartments resulting in a large number of minifascicles of regenerating nerve. The function of the perineurium as a diffusion barrier was restored satisfactorily in the crushed nerve, although there was no satisfactory repair at 30 weeks after nerve grafting.

Résumé

Des modèles expérimentaux de neurotripsie et d'autogreffes nerveuses ont été réalisés sur le nerf sciatique du rat afin d'étudier le processus de régénération du périnèvre. Dans la neurotripsie, des cellules de type fibroblaste forment des alvéoles à l'intérieur du faisceau puis progressivement elles présentent les caractéristiques des cellules périneurales. Dans la plastie nerveuse, le mode de régénération périneurale varie avec l'importance des lésions des cellules de Schwann. Dans la greffe et le tronc nerveux distal, le périnèvre disparaît au cours de la dégénérescence wallérienne, puis un nouveau tissu périneural se constitue à partir des fibroblastes endoneuraux. A l'inverse, au niveau des sutures les fibroblastes entourent les axones en voie de régénération ainsi que les cellules de Schwann associées pour former des alvéoles et retrouver les caractéristiques du périnèvre, d'où la formation d'un grand nombre de minifaisceaux nerveux régénérés. Durant le processus de régénération nerveuse, le fibroblaste endoneural joue un rôle important dans la régération périneurale. Le rôle du périnèvre en tant que barrière de diffusion s'inverse correctement dans le nerf écrasé, bien qu'on ne constate pas de réparation trente semaines après la greffe.

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Hirasawa, Y., Saiki, T., Nakao, Y. et al. Regeneration of perineurium after nerve injury and autografting. International Orthopaedics 18, 229–235 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00188327

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00188327

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