Summary
In a aptient population, coordinated use of digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen can alert the physician as to the possible existence of prostate cancer. If both are used as first-line studies, abnormality of either can then direct the need for further study by transrectal ultrasonography and, in selected instances, prostatic biopsy. Such sequential use of these tests in a programmed manner results in an increased level of cancer detection as compated with use of the digital rectal examination alone.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boring CC, Squires TS, Tong T (1992) Cancer statistics, 1992. CA 42:19–38
Silverberg E, Lubera J (1987) Cancer statistics 1987. CA 37:2–19
Sackett DL, Holland WW (1975) Controversy in the detection of disease. Lancet II:357–359
Gilbertson VA (1971) Cancer of the prostate gland. Results of early diagnosis and therapy undertaken for cure of the disease. JAMA 215:81–84
Chodak GW, Schoenberg HW (1984) Early detection of prostate cancer by routine screening. JAMA 252:3261–3264
Lee F, Littrup PJ, Torp-Pedersen ST, Mettlin C, McHugh TA, Gray JM, Kumasaka GH, McLeary RD (1988) Prostate cancer: comparison of transrectal US and digital rectal examination for screening. Radiology 168:389–394
Nardone DA, Lucas LM, Palac DM (1988) Physical examination: a revered skill under scrutiny. South Med J 81:770–773
McNeal JE (1988) The prostate gland: morphology and pathobiology. Monogr Urol 9:36–54
Kaufman JJ, Rosenthal M, Goodwin WE (1954) Methods of diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate: a comparison of clinical impression, prostatic smear, needle biopsy, perineal biopsy and transurethral biopsy. J Urol 72:450–465
Cooner WH, Mosley BR, Rutherford CL Jr, Beard JH, Pond HS, Terry WJ, Igel TC, Kidd DD (1990) Prostate cancer detection in a clinical urological practice by ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen. J Urol 143:1146–1154
Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Ratliff TL, Dodds KM, Coplen DE, Yuan JJJ, Petros JA, Andriole GL (1991) Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 324:1156–1161
Terris MK, Freiha FS, McNeal JE, Stamey TA (1991) Efficacy of transrectal ultrasound for identification of clinically undetected prostate cancer. J Urol 146:78–84
Veterans Administration Co-Operative Urological Research Group (1967) Treatment and survival of patients with cancer of the prostate. Surg Gynecol Obstet 124:1011–1017
Mueller EJ, Crain TW, Thompson IM, Rodriguez FR (1988) An evaluation of serial digital rectal examinations in screening for prostate cancer. J Urol 140:1445–1447
Moon TD, Clejan S (1991) Prostate cancer screening in younger men: prostate-specific antigen and public awareness. Urology 38:216–219
Oesterling JE (1991) Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 145:907–923
Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Ratliff TL, Dobbs KM, Coplen DE, Yuan JJJ, Petros JA, Andriole GL (1991) Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 324:1156–1161
Cooner WH, Mosley BR, Rutherford CL Jr, Beard JH, Pond HS, Terry WJ, Igel TC, Kidd DD (1990) Prostate cancer detection in a clinical urological practice by ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen. J Urol 143:1146–1154
Palken M, Cobb OE, Warren BH, Hook DC (1990) Prostate cancer: correlation of digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound and prostate specific antigen levels with tumor volumes in radical prostatectomy specimens. J Urol 143:1155–1162
Brawer MK (1990) Laboratory studies for the detection of carcinoma of the prostate. Urol Clin North Am 17:759–768
Hudson M, Bahnson RR, Catalona WJ (1989) Clinical use of prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer. J Urol 142:1011–1017
Lee F, Torp-Pedersen ST, Siders DB (1989) Use of transrectal ultrasound in diagnosis, guided biopsy, staging, and screening of prostate cancer. Urology [Suppl] 33:7–12
Scardino PT (1989) Early detection of prostate cancer. Urol Clin North Am 16:635–655
Cooner WH (1991) Prostate-specific antigen, digital rectal examination, and transrectal ultrasonic examination of the prostate in prostate cancer detection. Monogr Urol 12:3–13
Benson MC; Whang IS, Pantuck A, Ring K, Kaplan S, Olsson CA, Cooner WH (1991) The use of prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing BPH and prostate cancer. J Urol 145:382A
Benson MC, Whang IS, Olsson CA, McMahon DJ, Cooner WH (1992) The use of prostate specific antigen density to enhance the predictive value of intermediate levels of serum PSA. J Urol 147:817–821
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cooner, W.H. Prostate-specific antigen coordinated with digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography in the detection of prostate cancer. World J Urol 11, 214–217 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00185071
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00185071