Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetospheric processes and related geophysical phenomena

  • Published:
Space Science Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper we consider those processes mainly related to the behaviour of the low-energetic magnetospheric plasma, which nevertheless contains the main mass and the predominant part of the thermal energy. Our attention has been concentrated on those processes which, from our point of view, determine geomagnetic phenomena on the surface of the earth. Because of the scope of the project, we had to exclude the processes of acceleration of high-energetic particles in the tail of the magnetosphere, their diffusion deep within, and the formation of the radiation belts. These problems are of independent interest and may be considered separately.

When describing various phenomena we tried to stress the principal side of a question without regard to the details of one theory or other, though we did not keep to this principle throughout. Together with the results which are dealt with in the literature, we took the risk of including those considerations which are not as yet published. It mainly concerns Sections 2.3, 2.4, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, and 4. where, together with other problems, three new hypotheses of the main phase of a storm and of Sq-variations are discussed. We prefer the mechanism connected with the current induction in the ionosphere (Section 4.4). For this purpose some aspects of magnetohydrodynamics were examined (Section 4.3).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akasofu, S.-I.: 1963, ‘The Main Phase of Magnetic Storms and the Ring Current’, Space Sci. Rev. 2, 91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I.: 1965, ‘Dynamic Morphology of Auroras’, Space Sci. Rev. 4, 498–540.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I.: 1966a, ‘Electrodynamics of the Magnetosphere: Geomagnetic Storms’, Space Sci. Rev. 6, 21–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I.: 1966b, ‘The Auroral Oval, the Auroral Substorm and Their Relations with the Internal Structure of the Magnetosphere’, Planetary Space Sci. 14, 587–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I. and Chapman, S.: 1964, ‘On the Asymmetric Development of Magnetic Storm Fields in Low- and Middle Latitudes’, Planetary Space Sci. 12, 607–626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I. and McIlwain, C.E.: 1963, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 44, 883.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akasofu, S.-I., Chapman, S., and Meng, C.-I: 1965, ‘The Polar Electrojet’, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 27, 1275

    Google Scholar 

  • Alfvén, H.: 1950, Cosmical Electrodynamics. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alfvén, H.: 1955, Tellus 7, 50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alfvén, H.: 1958, Tellus 10, 104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alfvén, H.: 1963, ‘Hydromagnetics of the Magnetosphere’, Space Sci. Rev. 2, 862.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alfvén, H., Danielsson, L., Fälthammer, C.-G., and Lindberg, L.: 1964, ‘On the Penetration of Interplanetary Plasma into the Magnetosphere’, in Natural Electromagnetic Phenomena Below 30 kc/s (ed. by D. F. Bliel). Plenum Press, New York-London, p. 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, K.A.: 1965, ‘Energetic Electron Fluxes in the Tail of the Geomagnetic Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 4741.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, K.A., Harris, H.K., and Padi, R.J.: 1965, ‘Energetic Electron Fluxes in and beyond the Earth's Outer Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 1039.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonova, A.E. and Shabansky, V.P.: 1966, ‘The Earth's Magnetic Field in the Modified Double Dipole Magnetosphere Model’, in Proc. of the Conference on the Cosmic Rays Physics, Alma-Ata (to be published).

  • Axford, W.I.: 1962, ‘The Interaction between the Solar Wind and the Earth's Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 3791–3796.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axford, W.I.: 1963, ‘Rotation of the Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 5883–5885.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axford, W.I.: 1964, ‘Viscous Interaction between the Solar Wind and the Earth's Magnetosphere’, Planetary Space Sci. 12, 12–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axford, W.I.: 1966, ‘Magnetic Storm Effects associated with the Tail of the Magnetosphere’. Preprint CSUAC 32.

  • Axford, W.I. and Hines, C.O.: 1961, ‘A Unifying Theory of High-Latitude Geophysical Phenomena and Geomagnetic Storms’, Canad. J.Phys. 39, 1433–1464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axford, W.I., Petschek, H.E., and Siscoe, G.L.: 1965, ‘Tail of the Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 1231–1236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bame, S.J., Asbridge, J.R., Felthauser, H.E., Hones, E.W., and Strong, I.B.: 1967, ‘Characteristics of the Plasma Sheet in the Earth's Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 113–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, D.B.: 1960, ‘The Interaction of the Terrestrial Magnetic Field with the Solar Corpuscular Radiation’, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 3559.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, D.B.: 1964, Rev. Geophys. 2, 335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behannon, K.W. and Ness, N.F.: 1966, ‘Magnetic Storms in the Earth's Magnetic Tail’, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 2327–2351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahill Jr. J.L.: 1966, ‘Inflation of the Inner Magnetosphere during a Magnetic Storm’, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 4505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S.: 1963, ‘Solar Plasma, Geomagnetism and Aurora’, in Geophysics, the Earth's Environment (ed. by C. DeWitt, J. Hielblot, and A. Lebeau). Gordon and Breach, New York, pp. 371–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S. and Ferraro, V.C.A.: 1931, 1932, ‘A New Theory of Magnetic Storms, I: The Initial Phase’, Terr. Mag. 36, 77, 171, 186; 37, 147, 421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, K.D.: 1966, ‘Magnetic Storms and Associated Phenomena’, Space Sci. Rev. 5, 699–770.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coppi, B., Laval, G., and Pellat, R.: 1966, ‘Dynamics of the Geomagnetic Tails’, Phys. Rev. Letters 16, 1207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowling, T.G.: 1962, ‘Magnetohydrodynamics’, Report on Progress of Physics, XXV.

  • Davis, L.R. and Williamson, J.M.: 1963, ‘Low Energy Trapped Protons’, Space Res. 3, 365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessler, A.J.: 1964, ‘Length of Magnetospheric Tail’, J. Geophys. Res. 69, 3913–3918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessler, A.J. and Michel, F.C.: 1966a, ‘Plasma in the Geomagnetic Tail’, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 1421–1426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessler, A.J. and Michel, F.C.: 1966b, in Radiation Trapped in the Earth's Magnetic Field. Proceedings of the Advanced Study Institute held at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway, August 16–September 3, 1965 (ed. by B.M. McCormac). D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht-Holland, pp. 447–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessler, A.J. and Parker, E.N.: 1959, ‘Hydromagnetic Theory of Geomagnetic Storms’, J. Geophys. Res. 64, 2239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessler, A.J., Hanson, W.B., and Parker, E.N.: 1961, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 3631–3638.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dungey, J.W.: 1961, ‘Interplanetary Magnetic Field and the Auroral Zones’, Phys. Rev. Letters 6, 47–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dungey, J.W.: 1962, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 17, Suppl. A-II, 15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dungey, J.W.: 1963, ‘The Structure of the Exosphere’, in Geophysics, the Earth's Environment (ed. by C. DeWitt, J. Hielblot, and A. Lebeau). Gordon and Breach, New York, pp. 503–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dungey, J.W.: 1965, ‘The Length of the Magnetosphere Tail’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 1753.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairfield, D.H.: 1964, ‘Trapped Particles in a Distorted Dipole Field’, J. Geophys. Res. 69, 3919–3926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein, V.I.: 1966, Planetary Space Sci. 14, 121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein, Ya.I.: 1963, ‘Some Problems concerning the Auroras and Magnetic Distortions Morphology in High Latitudes’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 3, 227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein, Ya.I. and Solomatina, E.K.: 1961, ‘Some Aspects of the Geographical Distribution of Auroras in the Northern Hemisphere’, in Aurora Borealis and Nightsky Glow, 7, Acad. Sci. USSR, Moscow.

  • Feldstein, Ya.I. and Zaitzev, A.N.: 1967, ‘High-Latitude Magnetic Field Variations during the Quiet Days in the I.G.Y. Summer’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 7, 204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferraro, V.C.A.: 1952, ‘On the Theory of the First Phase of a Magnetic Storm’, J. Geophys. Res. 57, 15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, L.A.: 1965a, ‘A Survey of Electrons E > 40 keV beyond 5 Earth's Radii with Explorer 14’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 1593–1626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, L.A.: 1965b, ‘On the Local-Time Dependence of Outer Radiation Zone Electron (E > 1.6 MeV) Intensities near the Magnetic Equator’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 4131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, L.A.: 1967a, ‘Initial Observations of Low-Energy Electrons in the Earth's Magnetosphere with OGO-3’, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 185–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, L.A.: 1967b, ‘Some Observations of Low-Energy Electrons in the Earth's Magnetosphere with OGO-3’, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 1905–1915.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, L.A., VanAllen, J.A., and Macagno, E.: 1963, ‘Charged Particle Observations in the Earth's Outer Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 3543–3554.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furth, H.P.: 1961, ‘Sheet Pinch Instabilities caused by Finite Conductivity’, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 6, 193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, T.: 1959, ‘Motions in the Magnetosphere of the Earth’, J. Geophys. Res. 64, 1219–1224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, T.: 1962a, ‘Interchange and Rotation of the Earth Field Lines’, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 17, Suppl. A-1, 187–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, T.: 1962b, ‘Magnetic storms’, Space Sci. Rev. 1, 100–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grad, H.: 1961, ‘Boundary Layer between Plasma and Magnetic Field’, Phys. Fluids 4, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gringaus, K.I.: 1962, in The Artificial Satellites of the Earth, 12, Acad. Sci. USSR, p. 105.

  • Harris, E.G.: 1962, ‘On a Plasma Sheath Separating Regions of Oppositely Directed Magnetic Field’, Nuovo Cim. 23, 115–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmer, J.C.: 1963, ‘Theory of Forbidden Zones in the Flow of a Magnetized Plasma’, Phys. Fluids 6, 723.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hines, C.O.: 1964, ‘Hydromagnetic Motions in the Magnetosphere’, Space Sci. Rev. 3, 342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hones, E.W., Jr.: 1963, ‘Motions of Charged Particles in the Earth's Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurley, H.: 1963, ‘Analysis of the Transition Regions between a Uniform Plasma and its Confining Magnetic Field’, Phys. Fluids 6, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jukes, J.D.: 1961, ‘Stability of the Sharp Pinch and Unpinch with Finite Conductivity’, Phys. Fluids 4, 1527.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlson, E.T.: 1962, ‘Motion of Charged Particles in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field’, Phys. Fluids 5, 476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlson, E.T.: 1963, ‘Streaming of a Plasma through a Magnetic Dipole Field’, Phys. Fluids 6, 708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khorosheva, O.V.: 1961, 1962, 1963, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 1, 696; 2, 839; 3, 363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M.: 1959, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media, Fismatgis, Moscow, p. 313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, R.H., Petshek, H.E., and Siscoe, G.L.: 1964, ‘Aerodynamics Aspects of Magnetosphere Flow’, AIAA Journ. 2, 2065–2076.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maeda, H.: 1966, ‘Generalized Dynamo Mechanism in the Upper Atmosphere’, J. Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity 18, 173.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDiarmid, I.B. and Burrows, J.R.: 1965, ‘Electron Fluxes at 1000 km associated with the Tail of the Magnetosphere’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 3031.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, G.D.: 1964, ‘Deformation of Geomagnetic Field by the Solar Wind’, J. Geophys. Res. 69, 1181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, G.D. and Beard, D.B.: 1964, ‘Shape of the Geomagnetic Field. Solar Wind Boundary’, J.Geophys. Res. 69, 1169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Midgley, J.E. and Davis, L., Jr.: 1963, ‘Calculation by a Moment Method of the Perturbation of the Geomagnetic Field by the Solar Wind’, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 5125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, M.D., Singer, S., Conner, J.P., and Stogsdill, E.E.: 1965, ‘Spatial Distribution, Energy Spectra, and Time Variations of Energetic Electrons (E > 50 keV) at 17.7 Earth Radii’, Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morosov, A.I., and Solovyev, L.S.: 1961, ‘Kinetic Treatment of some Equilibrium Plasma Configurations’, Soviet JETP 40, 1316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murayama, T.: 1966, ‘Spatial Distribution of Energetic Electrons in the Geomagnetic Tail’, Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies, Laboratory for Astrophys. and Space Research. Preprint EFINS 66-64.

  • Ness, N.F.: 1965, ‘The Earth's Magnetic Tail’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 2989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ness, N.F., Behannon, K.W., Cantarano, S.C., and Scearce, C.S.: 1966, ‘Observation of the Earth's Magnetic Tail and Neutral Sheet at 510000 km by Explorer 33’, Preprint Goddard Space Flight Center x-612-66-529.

  • Ness, N.F., Scearce, C.S., and Seek, J.B.: 1964, ‘Initial Results of the IMP-1 Magnetic Field Experiment’, J. Geophys. Res. 69, 3531–3569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb and Kaufman: 1961, ‘Hydromagnetic Stability of a Tubular Pinch’, Phys. Fluids 4, 314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, A. and Cahill, L.J.: 1964, ‘Sudden Impulses in the Magnetosphere Observed by Explorer 12’, J. Geophys. Res. 69, 2243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obayashi, T.: 1967, ‘The Interaction of the Solar Wind with Geomagnetic Field during Disturbed Conditions’, in Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Academic Press, London-New York, p. 107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E.N.: 1957, ‘Newtonian Development of the Dynamical Properties of Ionized Gases of Low Density’. Phys. Rev. 107, 924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E.N.: 1962, ‘Dynamics of the Geomagnetic Storm’, Space Sci. Rev. 1, 62–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E.N.: 1966, ‘Nonsymmetric Inflation of a Magnetic Dipole’, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 4485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petschek, H.E.: 1963, ‘Magnetic Field Annihilation’, NASA SP-50, AAS-NASA Symposium on the physics of Solar Flares, Goddard Center.

  • Piddington, J.H.: 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piddington, J.H.: 1962, Planet. Space Sci. 9, 947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piddington, J.H.: 1963a, ‘Connection between Geomagnetic and Auroracl Ativity and Trapped Cones’, Planet. Space Sci. 11, 451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piddington, J.H.: 1963b, ‘Theories of the Geomagnetic Storm Main Phase’, Planet. Space Sci. 11, 1277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piddington, J.H.: 1967, Planetary Space Sci. 15, 733–740.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pikel'ner, S.B.: 1961, Principles of Cosmic Electrodynamics, Fizmatgiz, Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbluth, M.N. and Chang, D.B.: 1967, ‘Finite-β Resistive Instabilities of Magnetospheric Tails’, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 143–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samokhin, M.V.: 1966, ‘On the Penetration of the Solar Wind into the Geomagnetic Field’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 6, 983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sckopke, N.: 1966, ‘A Simple Method for Estimating the Magnetic Effect of Trapped Particles’, Proc. Amer. Geophys. Union.

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1961, ‘Structure of the Transient Layer between Plasma and Magnetic Field’, JETP (U.S.S.R.) 40, 1058–1064.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1964, ‘The Hydromagnetic and Thermodynamical Picture of a Magnetic Storm’, Kosmicheskie Isledovanija [Space Research] 2, 595–602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1965a, ‘Radiation Belts’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 5, 969–1002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1965b, ‘Motion of Particles with Different Energies in the Rotating Magnetosphere’, Kosmicheskie Isledovanija [Space Research] 3, 221–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1965c, ‘On the First Phase of a Magnetic Storm’, in Space Research, V, p. 125.

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1965d, ‘Hydromagnetics and Thermodynamics Picture of a Magnetic Storm’, in Space Research, V, p. 148.

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1966a, ‘On the Behaviour of the Radiation Belt Particles during Magnetic Storms’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 6, 479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1966b, ‘Interaction of High-Energetic Particles with Hydromagnetic Waves’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 6, 472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1966c, ‘On the Character of the Solar Wind, Magnetosphere Shape and Magnetic Field Altering Parameters during Magnetic Storms’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 6, 205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabansky, V.P.: 1967, ‘Electric Fields Generation in the Magnetosphere and Auroral Particles Acceleration’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 7, 243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigov, Yu.S.: 1964, ‘On the Kinetic Theory of the Boundary Layer between Rarified Plasma and Magnetic Field’, J. Vichislit. Matematiki i matematicheskoi fiziki (U.S.S.R.) 4, 1065–1077.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigov, Yu.S. and Tverskoy, B.A.: 1963, ‘On the Structure of the Transient Layer between Magnetic Field and Plasma’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 3, 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siscoe, G.L.: 1966, ‘A Unified Treatment of Magnetospheric Dynamics with Applications to Magnetic Storms’, Planet. Space Sci. 14, 947–967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Speiser, T.W. and Ness, N.F.: 1967, ‘The Neutral Sheet in the Geomagnetic Tail: its Motion, Equivalent Currents and Field Line Connection through it’, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 131–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, L.: 1956, The Physics of Fully Ionized Gases. New York.

  • Spreiter, J.R. and Briggs, B.R.: 1962, ‘On the Choice of Condition to apply at the Boundary of the Geomagnetic Field in the Steady-State Chapman-Ferraro Problem’, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 2983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spreiter, J.R. and Hyett, B.J.: 1963, ‘The Effect of the Uniform External Pressure on the Boundary of Geomagnetic Field in a Steady Solar Wind’, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1631.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starkov, G.V. and Feldstein, Ya.I: 1967, ‘The Changes of the Oval Auroral Zone Boundaries’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 7, 62–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamm, I.E.: 1954, Foundations of the Electricity Theory, Gostekhteorizdat, Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troitskaya, V.A.: 1967, private communication.

  • Troitskaya, V.A., Bolshakova, O.V., and Matveyeva, E.T.: 1966, ‘Fast Variations of Electromagnetic Field as an Indicator of the Radiation Belts and Magnetosphere Conditions’, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 6, 533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veksler, V.N.: 1958, ‘On a New Mechanism of Relativistic Electron Generation in Space’, Dokladi Akad. Nauk (U.S.S.R.) 118, 263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernov, S.N.: 1965, ‘Status and Perspectives of Investigation of the Earth's Radiation Belts’, in Isledovanija Kosmicheskogo Prostranstva [Space Research]. Moscow, p. 277.

  • Vernov, S.N. et al.: 1965a, ‘Results of the Study in the Geomagnetic Distribution and of the Composition of the Radiation Belt Particles’, in Isledovanija Kosmicheskogo Prostranstva [Space Research]. Acad. Sci. USSR, Moscow, p. 394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernov, S.N. et al.: 1965b, ‘Irregular Fluxes of High-Energy Electrons nearby the Radiation Belt Boundaries’, in Isledovanija Kosmicheskogo Prostranstva [Space Research]. Acad. Sci. USSR, Moscow, p. 425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D.J. and Mead, G.D.: 1965, ‘Night-Side Magnetosphere Configuration as obtained from Trapped Electrons at 1100 kilometers’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 3017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D.J. and Palmer, W.F.: 1965, ‘Distortions in the Radiation Cavity as measured by an 1100-kilom. Polar Orbit Satellite’, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 557–567.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow

    V. P. Shabansky

Authors
  1. V. P. Shabansky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shabansky, V.P. Magnetospheric processes and related geophysical phenomena. Space Sci Rev 8, 366–454 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184741

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184741

Keywords

Search

Navigation