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Das inguinale Rezidiv nach therapeutischer Lymphadenektomie beim malignen Melanom

Groin recurrence following therapeutic lymph-node dissection in malignant melanoma

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Abstract

In a retrospective study, 73 stage-11 melanoma patients with 22 superficial and 51 deep groin dissections were observed over a maximum of 9 years of follow up (median 67.5 months). The 5-year survival rate of 29.8 was consistent with that yielded by comparable analyses of other investigators. However, the probability of recurrence in the node dissection field was as high as 35%. All groin recurrences occurred in the first 29 months after lymph node clearance (median 6 months). Patients with groin recurrence following lymph-node dissection had a poor prognosis (median survival 12 months). In a multifactorial analysis (Cox model), the only prognostic factor of probability of recurrence was the development of regional in-transit cutaneous metastases (p = 0.0028). Factors that did not affect the appearance of recurrent metastases in the node dissection field were: site of primary melanoma, tumor thickness, epidermal ulceration, degree of lymph node involvement (p = 0.2) age, sex, degree of surgery (superficial or deep groin dissection) and adjuvant chemotherapy. Because regional in-transit cutaneous metastases mostly occur synchronously with groin recurrence or later, they are a typical concomitant phenomenon rather than a prognostic factor of recurrence.

Zusammenfassung

In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden 73 Patienten mit inguinalen Melanommetastasen bis zu 9 Jahre nach der Lymphknotenausrdumung beobachtet (mediane Zeit von der Operation bis zur Auswertung 67,5 Monate). Wdhrend in 22 Fdllen nur eine inguinale Lymphadenektomie zur Anwendung kam, wurden bei 51 Patienten zusdtzlich die iliakalen Lymphknoten sowie die Obturatorlymphknoten ausgerdumt. Die geschdtzte 5-Jahres-Uberlebenswahrscheinlichkeit von insgesamt 29,8% halt dem Vergleich mit anderen Studien stand. Dagegen erreichte die Rückfallrate fur das Lymphadenektomiegebiet 35,1 %. Alle Narbenrezidive in der Leiste ereigneten sich innerhalb von 29 Monaten nach der Lymphknotendissektion (medianes Intervall 6 Monate). Nach einem inguinalen Rückfall war die Prognose extrem schlecht (medianes Überleben 12 Monate). In einer multifaktoriellen Analyse (Cox-Modell) hatten die folgenden Faktoren keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit: die Lokalisation, die Dicke und die Ulzeration des Primdrtumors, das Alter, das Geschlecht, die Massivitdt des Lymphknotenbefalls (p = 0,2), das Ausmaß der Operation (inguinale oder ilioinguinale Lymphknotendissektion), die adjuvante Chemotherapie im Stadium 11. Im Cox-Ansatz hing die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Rezidivs im Lymphadenektomiegebiet allein vom Auftreten lokoregiondrer Hautmetastasen (p = 0,0028) ab. Metastasen auf der Intransitstrecke entwickelten sich jedoch oft synchron mit dem Leistenrezidiv oder danach. Daher kann man lokoregiondre Hautmetastasen lediglich als typische Begleiterscheinung, nicht aber als Prognosefaktor des Narbenrezidivs ansehen.

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Kretschmer, L., Lautenschläger, C., Preulβr, K.P. et al. Das inguinale Rezidiv nach therapeutischer Lymphadenektomie beim malignen Melanom. Langenbecks Arch Chir 378, 211–216 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184363

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184363

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