Abstract
The temporal distributions of the densities of inflows to Onondaga Lake were calculated for the spring to fall period of 1980 and 1981, and compared to the attendant density stratification in ion enriched Onondaga Lake. The industrial utilization of the lake resulted in substantial density differences between the inflows and the lake. Inflows carrying substantial fractions of industrial ionic waste were more dense than the lake, and at times plunged to stratified layers. Water withdrawn from the lower layers of the lake for industrial cooling was displaced to the upper layers as a result of heating. Dilute fluvial inflows were substantially less dense than the lake. The density differences between the inflows and the lake were largely responsible for the rather unique features of density stratification documented for the lake in 1980, and are probably of further importance in nutrient loading to, and cycling in, Onondaga Lake.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Public Health Association: 1982, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 15th Edition, New York, New York.
Devan, S. P. and Effler, S. W.: 1984, Jour. Env. Eng. Div., ASCE, 110, 93.
DiToro, D. M. and Connolly, J. P.: 1980, ‘Mathematical Models of Water Quality in Large Lakes, Part 2: Lake Erie’ United States Environmental Protection Agency, Publication No. EPA-600/3-80-065, Diluth, MN.
Efller, S. W. and Driscoll, C. T.: 1985a, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 27, 29.
Effler, S. W. and Driscoll, C. T.: 1985b, Env. Sci. and Tech. 19, 716.
Effler, S. W., Driscoll, C. T., Wodka, M. C., Honstein, R. L., Juran, P., Devan, S. P., and Edwards, T.: 1985a, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 24, 121.
Effler, S. W., Field, S. D., Meyer, M. A., and Sze, P.: Jour. Env. Eng. Div., ASCE, 107, 191.
Effler, S. W., McCarthy, J. M., Simpson, K. W., Unangst, F. J., Schafran, G. C., Schecher, W. D., and Khalil, M. T.: 1984, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 21, 335.
Effler, S. W., Owens, E. M., and Schimel, K. A.: 1986, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 27, 247.
Effler, S. W., Rand, M. C., and Tomayo, T.: 1979, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 12, 117.
Effler, S. W., Schimel, K., and Millero, F. J.: 1985b, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 27, 169.
Fischer, H. B., List, E. J., Koh, R. C. Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks,N. H.: 1979, Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters, Academic Press, New York, NY.
Fischer, H. B. and Smith, R. D.: 1983, Limnol. Oceanogr. 28, 258.
Ford, D. E., Thornton, K. W., Lessem, A. S., and Stirgus, C.: 1978, Water Quality Evaluation of Proposed Trexler Lake Jordan Creek, Pennsylvania, Technical Report Y-78–10, Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
Imberger, J., Patterson, J., Hebbert, B., and Loh, L: 1978, Jour. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 104, 1975.
Martin, S. C., Effler, S. W., DePinto, J. V., Trama, F., Rodgers, P. W., Dobi, J. S., and Wodka, M. C.: 1985, Jour. Env. Eng. Div., ASCE, (in press).
NALCO ENVIRONMENT SCIENCES CO.: 1978, Thermal Plume in Onondaga Lake Near Allied Chemical Plant Solvay, New York, Report to Allied Chemical Company Solvay, New York, Northbrook, Illinois.
Stefan, H. G., Skoglund, T., and Megard, R. O.: 1976, Jour. Env. Eng. Div., ASCE, 102, 1201.
Wiebe, A. H.: 1939, Ecology 20, 446.
Wetzel, R. G.: 1975, Limnology, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Penna.
Wodka, M. C., Effler, S. W., Driscoll, C. T., Field, S. D., and Devan, S. D.: 1983, Jour. Env. Eng. Div., ASCE, 109, 1403.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Contribution No. 44 of the Upstate Freshwater Institute, Inc.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Effler, S.W., Owens, E.M. The density of inflows to Onondaga Lake, U.S.A., 1980 and 1981. Water Air Soil Pollut 28, 105–115 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184073
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184073