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Die Karotisendarteriektomie beim älteren Patienten

Lifetableanalyse und Literaturüberblick anhand von 594 konsekutiven Operationen

Carotid artery surgery in older patients

Life-table analysis and survey of the literature based on 594 consecutive operations

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Abstract

The significance of age as a prognostic factor was evaluated in patients undergoing carotid artery surgery between 12.8.86 and 31.10.92 in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Erlangen. 594 operations were performed on 546 consecutive patients using somatosensory evoked potentials as routine monitoring. Patients were divided into an older group of 139 (150 operations) with a mean age of 78.2 years and a younger group of 407 (444 operations) with a mean age of 64.4 years. There was no statistical difference in preoperative neurological status and number of risk factors, although there were different distributions of risk factors and concurrent illnesses. Thirty-day mortality rates were 1.7% for younger and 0.7% for older patients, and the incidence of postoperative stroke was 1.7% and 0.7% respectively (not statistically significant). Cumulative 5-year survival was 72.2% and 68.2% respectively. Cardiac diseases were the main cause of death in both groups, mainly fatal cardiac ischemia in younger patients and non-ischemic disease in the older patients. The 5-year stroke-free survival rate was 81 % and 91.3 % respectively (not significant). There was a trend towards a worse outcome for older patients with stages IIb and IV disease.

Zusammenfassung

Die Bedeutung des Alters als prognostischer Faktor im Rahmen der Karotischirurgie wurde anhand der vom 12.08.1986 bis 31.10.1991 an der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Erlangen durchgeführten primären Karotisrekonstruktionen untersucht. In diesem Zeitraum wurden 594 Operationen an 546 Patienten unter Ableitung von somatosensibel evozierten Potentialen (SEP) vorgenommen. Die Gruppe der über 75jährigen bestand aus 139 Patienten (150 Operationen), deren Durchschnittsalter bei 78,2 Jahren lag. Demgegenüber betrug das Durchschnittsalter der jüngeren Patienten 64,4 Jahre. Bezüglich der präoperativen neurologischen Stadienverteilung zeigte sich kein Unterschied zwischen den Altersgruppen. Allerdings ließ sich eine andere Verteilung sowohl der Risikofaktoren als auch der Begleiterkrankungen nachweisen. Bezogen auf die ersten 30 postoperativen Tage betrug die Mortalitätsrate 1,7% bzw. 0,7% in der Gruppe der unter bzw. über 75jäahrigen. Die entsprechenden Apoplexraten lagen bei 1,7% bzw. 0,7%. Es zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen beiden Altersgruppen. Der Nachbeobachtungszeitraum lag zwischen einem und 68 Monaten. Die kumulierten Fünfjahresüberlebensraten betrugen 72,2% bzw. 68,2%. Kardiale Todesfälle standen unabhängig vom Alter an erster Stelle; bei den Jüngeren in erster Linie tödlich verlaufende Herzinfarkte, bei den Älteren andere kardiale Ursachen. Die kumulierten Fünfjahresapoplexfreiheitsraten lauten 81,0% bzw. 91,3%. Es war ein tendenziell schlechteres Abschneiden der älteren Patienten in den Stadien IIb und IV festzustellen.

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Hoffmann, A., Schweiger, H. Die Karotisendarteriektomie beim älteren Patienten. Langenbecks Arch Chir 378, 297–303 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00183968

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