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Bone allografts sterilised by irradiation

Biological properties, procurement and results of 150 massive allografts

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Summary

Massive bone allografts from cadavers have been sterilised by γ-radiation from radioactive cobalt at a dose of 25,000 gray (Gy). The biological effects of radiation are discussed. Human cortical bone showed an acceptable 20% decrease in strength on bending tests after 27000 Gy irradiation, but higher doses are more damaging and should be avoided. The procurement protocol used at the Cochin Hospital is described, and the importance of dosimetry and record-keeping emphasised. The clinical results of 150 massive bone allografts are reported. The infection rate was low. The evolution of the graft in each type of reconstruction is analysed and appears to be comparable to non-irradiated allografts. Very few complications occurred after composite reconstructions in the lower limb. Pelvic reconstructions had the highest complication rate, but most were not related to the use of the allograft.

Résumé

Les allogreffes osseuses massives prélevées sur des cadavres ont été stérilisées par rayons γ issus de cobalt radio-actif à la dose de 25.000 gray (Gy). Les effets biologiques des radiations sont discutés. L'os cortical humain montre une diminution acceptable de 20% de résistance aux tests d'inflexion après une irradiation de 27.000 Gy mais les doses supérieures détériorent l'os de façon plus importante et doivent être évitées. Le protocole de prélévement utilisé à l'Hôpital Cochin est décrit et l'importance de la dosimétrie ainsi que de la tenue des dossiers mise en évidence. Les résultats cliniques de 150 allogreffes d'os massif sont rapportés. Le taux d'infection est bas. L'évolution de la greffe dans chaque type de reconstruction est analysée et apparaît comparable à celle des greffes non irradiées. Peu de complications se sont manifestées après reconstruction composite du membre inférieur. Les reconstructions pelviennes ont le taux le plus élevé de complications mais habituellement sans rapport avec l'utilisation des allogreffes.

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Loty, B., Courpied, J.P., Tomeno, B. et al. Bone allografts sterilised by irradiation. International Orthopaedics 14, 237–242 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00178752

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