Skip to main content
Log in

Bromodeoxyuridine: a diagnostic tool in biology and medicine, Part II: Oncology, chemotherapy and carcinogenesis

  • Review
  • Published:
The Histochemical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

This paper follows on from Part 1 of my review of bromodeoxyuridine published earlier this year (Dolbeare, 1995).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel-Malek, Z. A., Swope, V. B., Trinkle, L. S., Ferroni, E. N., Boissy, R. E. & Nordlund, J. J. (1988) Alteration of the Cloudman melanoma cell cycle by prostaglandins E1 and E2 determined by using a 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine method of DNA analysis. J. Cell. Physiol. 136, 247–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ackermann, M. F., Lamm, K. R., Wiegand, G. W. & Luster, M.I. (1989) Antitumour activity of murine neutrophils demonstrated by cytometric analysis. Cancer Res. 49, 528–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akagi, K. & Tanaka, Y. (1989) Analysis of cell kinetics after gamma ray irradiation using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 49, 477–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akagi, Y., Ito, K. & Sawada, S. (1993) Radiation-induced apoptosis and necrosis in Molt-4 cells: a study of dose-effect relationships and their modification. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 64, 47–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akiya, O., Serizawa, N., Sugihara, M., Katagiri, S. & Kawashima, Y. (1992) A histological study of changes in the lingual papillae of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll. 33, 13–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ames, B.N. & Gold, L.S. (1990) Chemical carcinogenesis; too many rodent carcinogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 7772–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Assietti, R., Butti, G., Magrassi, L., Danova, M., Riccardi, A. & Gaetani, P. (1990) Cell-kinetic characteristics of human brain tumours. Oncology 47, 344–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balazs, M., Mayall, B. H. & Waldman, F. M. (1991a) Interphase cytogenetics of a male breast cancer. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 55, 243–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balazs, M., Mayall, B. H. & Waldman, F. M. (1991b) Simultaneous analysis of chromosomal aneusomy and 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in MCF-7 breast tumour cell line. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 57, 93–102.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bankert, R. B., Yokota, S., Ghosh, S. K., Mayhew, E. & Jou, Y. H. (1989) Immunospecific targeting of cytosine arabinonucleoside-containing liposomes to the idiotype on the surface of a murine B-cell tumour in vitro and in vivo.Cancer Res. 49, 301–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barcellos-Hoff, M. H., Morton, L. J. & Deen, D. F. (1990) Differential drug sensitivity conferred by growth status detected in a mixed population of cycling and noncycling cells. Cancer Res. 50, 3551–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baril, A., Boucheron, S., Dumollard, J. M. & Billard, F. (1990) A quantitative study of epithelial alterations during the early stages of experimental colonic tumourigenesis in mice. Virchows Arch. B. Cell Pathol. 59, 377–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrass, N. C., Price, R. J., Lake, B. G. & Orton, T. C. (1993) Comparison of the acute and chronic mitogenic effects of the peroxisome proliferators methylclofenapate and clofibric acid in rat liver. Carcinogenesis 14, 1451–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartkowiak, D., Hemmer, J. & Rottinger, E. (1992) Dose dependence of the cytokinetic and cytotoxic effects of epirubicin in vitro. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 30, 189–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beauregard, P., Witzig, T. E., Kurtin, P. J., Greipp, P. R., Stenson, M. J., Katzmann, J. A., Habermann, T. M. & Wieand, H. S. (1991) Models of S-phase determination in lymphomas from flow cytometric DNA content histograms: comparison with the bromodeoxyuridine labelling index. Hematol. Pathol. 5, 177–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Begg, A. C., Hofland, I., Moonen, L., Bartelink, H., Schraub, S., Bontemps, P., LeFur, R., van denBogaert, W., Caspers, R., VanGlabekke, M. & Horiot, J. C. (1990) The predicitive value of cell kinetic measurements in a European trial of accelerated fractionation in advanced head and neck tumours. Int. J. Rad. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 19, 1449–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Begg, A. C., Hofland, I., VanGlabekke, M., Bartelink, H. & Horiot, J.C. (1992) Predictive value of potential doubling time for radiotherapy of head and neck tumour patients: results from the Eortc co-operative trial 22851. Seminars Radiat. Oncol. 2, 22–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendele, A. M., Stengel, P. W. & Silbaugh, S. A. (1991) Quantitative of bronchiolar epithelial proliferation in A23187-exposed guinea pigs. Agents Actions 34, 194–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bendele, A. M., Hulman, J. F., White, S., Brodhecker, C. & Bendele, R. A. (1993) Hepatocellular proliferation in ibuprofen-treated mice. Toxicol. Pathol 21, 15–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. H., Wilson, G. D., Dische, S., Saunders, M. I., Martindale, C. A., Robinson, B. M., O'halloran, A. E., Leslie, M. D. & Laing, J. H. (1992) Tumour proliferation assessed by combined histological and flow cytometric analysis: implications for therapy in squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck. Br. J. Cancer 65, 870–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergler, W., Petroianu, G. & Schadel, A. (1993) Improved antiproliferative effect of cisplatin combined with phorbol ester. An in vitro study. ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol Relat. Spec. 55, 100–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biasco, G., Paganelli, G. M., DiFebo, G., Siringo, S. & Barbara, L. (1992a) Cell-kinetic alterations induced by aspirin in human gastric mucosa and their prevention by a cytoprotective agent. Digestion 51, 146–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biasco, G., Paganelli, G. M., Psilogenis, M., Nazzari, M., Di, Febo G. & Siringo, S. (1992b) Effect of sulglycotide treatment on cell kinetics alterations induced by aspirin in humans. Agents Actions, C88–9.

  • Boccadoro, M., Redoglio, V., Gavarotti, P. & Pileri, A. (1986) Multiple myeloma plasma cell kinetics: rapid and reliable evaluation using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) DNA incorporation detected by an anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibody. Tumouri 72, 135–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Böhmer, R. M. (1988) Cell cycle position affects response of normal fibroblasts to phorbol esters. Growth Factors 1, 85–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bontenbal, M., Sieuwerts, A. M., Klijn, J. G., Peters, H. A., Krijnen, H. L., Sonneveld, P. & Foe Kens, J. A. (1989) Effect of hormonal manipulation and doxorubicin administration on cell cycle kinetics of human breast cancer cells. Br. J. Cancer 60, 688–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bontenbal, M., Sieuwerts, A. M., Peters, H. A., Sonneveld, P., Foekens, J. A. & Klijn, J. G. (1990) Manipulation of cell cycle kinetics: influence on the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in human breast cancer cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37, 1097–102.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourhis, J., Wilson, G., Wibault, P., Bosq, J., Chavaudra, N., Janot, F., Luboinski, B., Eschwege, F. & Malaise, E. P. (1993) In vivo measurement of the potential doubling time by flow-cytometry in oropharyngeal cancer treated by conventional radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol.Phys. 26, 793–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brito, M. J., Filipe, M. I. & Morris, R. W. (1992) Cell proliferation study on gastric carcinoma and non-involved gastric mucosa using a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling technique. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 1, 429–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Browman, G. P., Kanclerz, A., Booker, L., Daya, D., Archibald, S. D., Young, J. E. & Goldsmith, C. H. (1991) Optimal conditions for immunohistochemical determination of the in vitro DNA synthesis labelling index with bromodeoxyuridine in head and neck cancer. Cell Prolif 24, 579–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce-Gregorios, J. H., Soucy, D., Chen, M. G. & Benson, N. (1991) Effect of methotrexate on cell cycle and DNA synthesis of astrocytes in primary culture: flow cytometric studies. J. Neuropathol Exp. Neurol. 50, 63–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruno, S., DiVinci, A., Geido, E. & Giaretti, W. (1988) Cell cycle synchronization induced by tamoxifen and 17 beta-estradiol on MCF-7 cells using flow cytometry and a monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 11, 221–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Busse, E., Zimmer, G. & Kornhuber, B. (1993) Intra-cellular changes of HeLa cells after single or repeated treatment with cytostatics. Arzneimittelforschung 43, 378–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cahill, R. J., O'sullivan, K. R., Mathias, P. M., Beattie, S., Hamilton, H. & O'morain, C. (1993) Effects of vitamin antioxidant supplementation on cell kinetics of patients with adenomatous polyps. Gut 34, 963–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, R. G. (1989) Identification of the putative first cellular step of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 47, 163–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carboni, P.Jr, Detta, A., Hitchcock, E. R. & Postans, R. (1992) Pituitary adenoma proliferative indices and risk of recurrence. Br. J. Neurosurg. 6, 33–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, P. R., Waldman, F. M., Rosenau, W., Cohen, M. B., Vapnek, J. M., Fong, P., Narayan, P. & Mayall, B. H. (1993) Cell proliferation in prostatic adenocarcinoma: in vitro measurement by 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. J. Urol. 149, 403–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Char, D. H. (1989) DNA cell cycle studies in uveal melanoma. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 86, 561–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Char, D. H., Crawford, J. B., Kaleta-Michaels, S., Howes, E.L.Jr, Lovato, A. A. & Quivey, J. M. (1989a) Analysis of radiation failure after uveal melanoma brachytherapy. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 108, 712–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Char, D. H., Huhta, K. & Waldman, F. (1989b) DNA cell cycle studies in uveal melanoma. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 107, 65–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, S., May, P. L., Forster, G., Spiller, D. & Jeffreys, R. V. (1993) Prediction of recurrence in pituitary tumours: a flow cytometric study using in vivo bromodeoxyuridine. Br. J. Neurosurg. 7, 165–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba, T. (1993) Cell kinetics of carcinoma originating from rat colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 90, 774–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, K. G., Hoshino, T., Nagashima, T., Murovic, J. A. & Wilson, C. B. (1986) Prediction of tumour doubling time in recurrent meningiomas. Cell kinetics studies with bromodeoxyuridine labelling. J. Neurosurg. 65, 790–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, K. G., Hoshino, T., Pitts, L. H., Nomura, K. & Shimosato, Y. (1988a) Proliferative potential of brain metastases. Cancer 62, 512–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, K. G., Nagashima, T., Barnwell, S. & Hoshino, T. (1988b) Flow cytometric determination of modal DNA population in relation to proliferative potential of human intracranial neoplasms. J. Neurosurg. 69, 588–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S.M. & Ellwein, L.B. (1990) Cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Science, 249, 1007–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corvo, R., Giaretti, W., Margarino, G., Danova, M. & Vitale, V. (1991) The in vivo use of bromodeoxyuridine for the study of cell kinetics in squamous tumours of the neck and head. Implications for the radiotherapist. Radiol. Med. (Torino) 82, 147–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corvo, R., Giaretti, W., Sanguineti, G., Geido, E., Bacigalupo, A., Franzone, P., Mereu, P., Garaventa, G., Barbieri, M. & Vitale, V. (1993a) The prognostic role of the parameters of cellular kinetics in head and neck tumours treated solely by radiotherapy. Radiol. Med. (Torino 86, 135–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corvo, R., Giaretti, W., Sanguineti, G., Geido, E., Orecchia, R., Barra, S., Margarino, G., Bacigalupo, A. And Vitale, V. (1993b) Potential doubling time in head and neck tumours treated by primary radiotherapy: Preliminary evidence for prognostic significance in local control. Int. J. Rad. Biol. 27, 1165–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creasey, D. C. & T'so, P. O. (1988) DNA replication in Syrian hamster cells transiently exposed to hydroxyurea. Cancer Res. 48, 6298–308.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cristov, K., Chew, K. L., Ljung, B. M., Waldman, F. M., Duarte, L. A., Goodson, W. H., Smith, H. S. & Mayall, B. H. (1991) Proliferation of normal breast epithelial cells as shown by in vivo labeling with bromodeoxyuridine. Am. J. Pathol., 138, 1371–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D'anna, J.A., Crissman, H.A., Jackson, P.J. & Tobey, R. (1985) Time dependent changes in H1 content, H1 turnover, DNA elongation, and the survival of cells blocked in early S phase by hydroxyurea, aphidicolin, or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. Biochemistry 24, 5020–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danova, M., Riccardi, A., Gaetani, P., Wilson, G. D., Mazzini, G., Brugnatelli, S., Buttini, R., Butti, G., Ucci, G., Paoletti, P. et al. (1988) Cell kinetics of human brain tumours: in vivo study with bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 24, 873–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danova, M., Gaetani, P., Lombardi, M., Giordano, M., Riccardi, A. & Mazzini, G. (1991) Prognostic value of DNA ploidy and proliferative activity in human malignant gliomas. Med. Sci. Res. 19, 613–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danova, M., Pellicciai, C., Zibera, C., Mangiarotti, R., Gibelli, N., Giordano, M., Wang, E., Mazzini, G. & Riccardi, A. (1993) Cell cycle kinetic effects of tamoxifen on human breast cancer cells: Flow cytometric analyses of DNA content, BrdU labelling, Ki-67, PCNA, and statin expression. Ann. N.Y.Acad. Sc. 698, 174–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darmon, E., Pincu-Hornstein, A. & Rozen, P. (1990) A rapid and simple in vitro method for evaluating human colorectal epithelial proliferation. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 114, 855–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daza, P., Escalza, P., Mateos, S. & Cortes, F. (1992) Mitomycin C, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and ethyl methanesulfonate induce long-lived lesions in DNA which result in SCEs during successive cell cycles in human lymphocytes. Mutat. Res. 270, 177–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Demarcq, C., Bastian, G. & Remvikos, Y. (1992) BrdUrd/DNA flow cytometry analysis demonstrates cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)-induced multiple cell-cycle modifications on human lung carcinoma cells. Cytometry 13, 416–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Detta, A. & Hitchcock, E. (1990) Rapid estimation of the proliferating index of brain tumours. J. Neurooncol. 8, 245–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dinda, A. K., Kharbanda, K., Sarkar, C., Roy, S., Mathur, M. & Banerji, A. K. (1993a) In vivo proliferative potential of primary human brain tumours; its correlation with histological classification and morphological features: I. Gliomas. Pathology 25, 4–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dinda, A. K., Kharbanda, K., Sarkar, C., Roy, S., Mathur, M. & Banerji, A. K. (1993b) In vivo proliferative potential of primary human brain tumours; its correlation with histological classification and morphological features: II. Nonglial tumours. Pathology 25, 10–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dolbeare, F. (1995) Bromodeoxyuridine: a diagnostic tool in biology and medicine. Part I: Historical perspectives, histochemical methods and cellkinetics. Histochem. J. 27, 339–69.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dutrillaux, B., Gerbault-Seureau, M., Zafrani, B. & Prieur, M. (1991) Prolonged G2 phase of breast cancer cells and chromosome damage. Eur. J. Cancer 27, 1307–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eacho, P. I., Lanier, T. L. & Brodhecker, C. A. (1991) Hepatocellular DNA synthesis in rats given peroxisome proliferating agents: comparison of WY-14,643 to clofibric acid, nafenopin and LY171883. Carcinogenesis 12, 1557–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eacho, P. I., Lanier, T. L., Foxworthy, P. S. & Hoover, D. M. (1992) Effect of the peroxisome proliferator LY171883 on hepatocellular replication in female B6C3F1 mice. Fundam. Appl Toxicol. 18, 632–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edstrom, S. S., Gustafsson, B., Stenman, G., Lyden, E., Stein, H. & Westin, T. (1991) Proliferative pattern of head and neck cancer. Am. J. Surg. 162, 412–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellwart, J. & Dormer, P. (1985) Effect of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) on 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation into DNA measured with a monoclonal BrdUrd antibody and by the BrdUrd/Hoechst quenching effect. Cytometry 6, 513–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fandella, A., Merlo, F. & DeAngeli, S. (1992) [Effects of mepartricin on the growth of hypertrophic prostatic tissue in primary culture. Creation of the experimental model and preliminary results.] Minerva Urol. Nefrol 44, 15–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fertig, G. & Miltenburger, H. G. (1989) Flow-cytometric cell-cycle analysis of Chinese hamster cells following exposure to cytotoxicants. Mutat. Res. 215, 61–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ffrench, M., Magaud, J. P., Arzounian, M., Souchier, C., Charrin, C. & Bryon, P. A. (1990) Is there an accumulation of cells during G2 in some acute lymphoblastic leukaemias? Cell Tissue Kinet. 23, 251–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forster, G., Cooke, T. G., Cooke, L. D., Stanton, P. D., Bowie, G. & Stell, P. M. (1992) Tumour growth rates in squamous carcinoma of the head and neck measured by in vivo bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and flow cytometry. Br. J. Cancer 65, 698–702.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, J. F. (1986) Potential for increasing the differential response between tumours and normal tissues: Can proliferation rate be used? Int. J. Rad. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 12, 641–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, S. B., Gatter, K. C., Bicknell, R., Going, J. J., Stanton, P., Cooke, T. G. & Harris, A. L. (1993) Relationship of endothelial cell proliferation to tumour vascularity in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 53, 4161–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franchini, G., Tusei, A., Babilonti, L., Donadello, N., Franchi, M., Zanaboni, F., Tateo, S., Mazzini, G., RaccardiA. & Danova, M. (1994) DNA ploidy and proliferative activity in uterine tumours: an in vivo study using bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry. Oncology Reports 1, 65–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frierson, H. F. (1994) Ploidy and proliferative analysis of cytologic specimens. In Flow Cytometry and Clinical Diagnosis (edited by Keren, D. F., Hanson, C. A. & Hurtubise, P. E.) Chicago: Am. Soc. Clinical Pathologists, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujikane, T., Shimizu, T., Tsuji, T., Ishida, S., Ohsaki, Y. & Onodera, S. (1989) Flow cytometric analysis of the kinetic effects of cisplatin on lung cancer cells. Cytometry 10, 788–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fujimaki, T., Matsutani, M., Nakamura, O., Asai, A., Funada, N., Koike, M., Segawa, H., Aritake, K., Fukushima, T., Houjo, S., Tamura, A. & Sano, K. (1991) Correlation between bromodeoxyuridine-labelling indices and patient prognosis in cerebral astrocytic tumours of adults. Cancer 67, 629–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda, K., Iwasaka, T., Hachisuga, T., Sugimori, H., Tsugitomi, H. & Mutoh, F. (1990) Immunocytochemical detection of S-phase cells in normal and neoplastic cervical epithelium by anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 12, 135–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fukui, M., Iwaki, T., Sawa, H., Inoue, T., Takeshita, I. & Kitamura, K. (1986) Proliferative activity of meningiomas as evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine uptake examination. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 81, 135–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furlong, J. W. (1994) DNA analysis of breast, lung, central nervous system, endocrine, and head and neck tumours. In Flow Cytometry and Clinical Diagnosis (edited by Keren, D. F., Hanson, C. A. & Hurtubise, P. E.). Chicago: Am. Soc. Clinical Pathologists, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa, F., Nishikawa, A., Imaida, K., Imazawa, T., Shinoda, K., Takahashi, M. & Hayashi, Y. (1993) Temporal dissociation between cell proliferation and eosinophilic foci development in the exocrine pancreas of rats initiated with 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide and administered soybean trypsin inhibitor. Carcinogenesis 14, 607–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaglia, P., Bernardi, A., Venesio, T., Caldarola, B., Lauro, D., Cappa, A. P., Calderini, P. & Liscia, D. S. (1993) Cell proliferation of breast cancer evaluated by anti-BrdU and anti-Ki-67 antibodies: its prognostic value on short-term recurrences [see comments] CM — Comment in: Eur. J. Cancer 1993, 29A(11), 1501–2. Eur. J. Cancer 29A, 1509–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garin, L., Barona, R., O'Connor, E., Armengot, M. & Basterra, J. (1991) [Determination of the phase of synthesis by means of bromodeoxyuridine. Its clinical application in oncology of the head and neck.] Determinacion de la fase de sintesis mediante bromodesoxiuridina. Aplicacion clinca en oncologia de cabeza Y cuello. An Otorrinolaringol Ibero Am. 18, 563–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gasinska, A. & Wilson, G. D. (1988) Flow cytometric evaluation of the effects of 2.3 MeV neutrons and 240 kV X-rays on mouse spermatogenic S-phase cells using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Br. J. Radiol. 61, 133–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geboes, K., Nijs, G., Mengs, U., Geboes, K. P., VanDamme, A., DeWitte, P. (1993) Effects of ‘contact laxatives’ on intestinal and colonic epithelial cell proliferation. Pharmacology 47, (suppl. 1) 187–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Genka, S., Shitara, N., Tsujita, Y., Kosugi, Y. & Takakura, K. (1988) Effect of interferon-beta on the cell cycle of human glioma cell line U-251 MG: flow cytometric two-dimensional (BrdU/DNA) analysis. J. Neurooncol. 6, 299–307.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerlyng, P., Grotmol, T., Erikstein, B., Stokke, T. & Seglen, P. O. (1992) Reduced proliferative activity of polyploid cells in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 13, 1795–802.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giaretti, W. (1991) Ploidy and proliferation evaluated by flow cytometry. An overview of techniques and impact in oncology. Tumouri 77, 403–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles, R. E., Boyce, F. M. & Brockman, W. W. (1991) Evaluation of the mutagenic effects of SV40 in mouse, hamster, and mouse-human hybrid cells. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 17, 327–39.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, D. M. & Frederick, C. B. (1993) Quantitation of an epithelial S-phase response in the rat forestomach and glandular stomach following gavage dosing with ethyl acrylate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 122, 244–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, M., Riccardi, A., Danova, M., Brugnatelli, S. & Mazzini, G. (1991a) Cell proliferation of human leukemia and solid tumours studied with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry. Cancer Detect. Prev. 15, 391–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, M., Riccardi, A., Girino, M., Brugnatelli, S., Scivetti, P., Luoni, R. et al. (1991b) Postremission chemotherapy in adult acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia including intensive or non-intensive consolidation therapy. Eur. J. Cancer 4, 437–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, M., Danova, M., Mazzini, G., Gobbi, P. & Riccardi, A. (1993) Cell kinetics with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine assay, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and flow cytometric analysis. Prognostic significance in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 71, 2739–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Girino, M., Riccardi, A., Danova, M., Gaetani, P., Butti, G., Giordano, M. & Cuomo, A. (1990) Immunocytochemical evaluation of proliferative activity in human brain tumours. Anal. Cell Pathol. 2, 269–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Girino, M., Riccardi, A., Luoni, R., Ucci, G. & Cuomo, A. (1991) Monoclonal antibody Ki-67 as a marker of proliferative activity in monoclonal gammopathies. Acta Haematol. 85, 26–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Going, J. J., Stanton, P. D. & Cooke, T. G. (1993) Influences on measurement of cellular proliferation by histology and flow cytometry in mammary carcinomas labelled in vivo with bromodeoxyuridine. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 100, 218–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodson, W. H., Ljung, B. M., Waldman, F., Mayall, B., Chew, K., Moore, D. H., Smith, H., Goldman, E. S. & Benz, C. (1991) In vivo measurement of breast cancer growth rate. Arch. Surg. 126, 1220–3; discussion 1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodson, W.H., Ljung, B. M., Moore, D. H., Mayall, B., Waldman, F. M., Chew, K., Benz, C. C. & Smith, H. S. (1993) Tumour labelling indices of primary breast cancers and their regional lymph node metastases. Cancer 71, 3914–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haftek, M., Urabe, A., Kanitakis, J., Dusserre, N. & Thivolet, J. (1990–91) Cyclosporin A inhibits DNA synthesis by epidermal Langerhans cells. Reg. Immunol. 3, 236–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagiwara, A., Asakawa, E., Kurata, Y., Sano, M., Hirose, M. & Ito, N. (1992) Dose-dependent renal tubular toxicity of harman and norharman in male F344 rats. Toxicol. Pathol. 20, 197–204.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammann, A., Arveux, P. & Martin, M. (1992) Effect of gut-associated lymphoid tissue on cellular proliferation in proximal and distal colon of the rat. Dig. Dis. Sci. 37, 1099–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hardonk, M. J. & Harms, G. (1990) The use of 5′-bromodeoxyuridine in the study of cell proliferation. Acta Histochem. Suppl 39, 99–108.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa, N., Kawamoto, K. & Uemura, T. (1992) Studies on antitumour effects and mechanism of action of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil by DNA/BrdU double staining using flow cytometry. Hum. Cell 5, 167–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, H., Sasaki, M., Fujisawa, M., Kaneko, S., Tokunaka, S. & Yachiku, S. (1990) [The changes of population and distribution of S-phase cells in precancerous lesions of rat bladder revealed by the method of bromodeoxyuridine labelling.] Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 81, 1518–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, K. F. (1992) Morphine regulates DNA synthesis in rat cerebellar neuroblasts in vitro. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 70, 291–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, Y., Fukayama, M., Koike, M., Kaseda, S., Ikeda, T. & Yokoyama, T. (1993) Cell-cycle analysis detecting endogenous nuclear antigens: comparison with BrdU-in vivo labelling and an application to lung tumours. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 43, 313–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hemmer, J. (1990a) In vitro bromodeoxyuridine labelling of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Eur. J. Cancer 26, 113–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hemmer, J. (1990b) Rapid in vitro bromodeoxyuridine labelling method for monitoring of therapy response in solid human tumours. Cytometry 11, 603–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, R. F., Hotchkiss, J. A., Chang, I. Y., Scott, B. R. & Harkema, J. R. (1993) Effect of cumulative exposure on nasal response to ozone. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 119, 59–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiasa, Y., Konishi, N., Nakaoka, S., Nakamura, T., Nishii, K. & Ohshima, M. (1992) Promoting effects of potassium dibasic phosphate on early-stage renal carcinogenesis in unilaterally nephrectomized rats treated with N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 83, 688–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hieber, L., Beck, H. P. & Lucke Huhle, C. (1981) G2-delay after irradiation with alpha-particles as studied in synchronized cultures and by the bromodeoxyuridine-33258H technique. Cytometry 2, 175–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higashikubo, R., White, R. A. & Roti RotiJ.L. (1993) Flow cytometric BrdUrd-pulse-chase study of heat-induced cell-cycle progression delays. Cell Prolif 26, 337–48.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirai, R., Oguchi, Y., Sugita, N., Matsunaga, K. & Nomoto, K. (1993) Enhancement of T-cell proliferation by PSK. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 15, 745–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, B.D., Hanauske-Abel, H.M., Flint, A. & Lalande, M. (1991) A new class of reversible cell cycle inhibitors. Cytometry 12, 26–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. F., Bruckner, H. W., Cohen, C. J., Wallach, R. C., Gusberg, S. B., Greenspan, E. M. & Goldberg, J. (1980) Cisplatin therapy of ovarian cancer. In Cisplatin: Current Status and New Developments (edited by Prestayko, A. w., Crooke, S. T. & Carter, S. K.), pp. 383–402. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • HornbyS. B. & Kellington, J. P. (1990) DNA Synthesis in alveolar macrophages and other changes in lavaged cells following exposure of CBA/H mice to cigarette smoke. Environ. Health Perspect. 85, 107–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T. (1992) Cell kinetics of glial tumours. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 148, 396–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T., Nagashima, T., Murovic, J., Levin, E. M., Levin, V. A. & Rupp, S. M. (1985) Cell kinetic studies of in situ human brain tumours with bromodeoxyuridine. Cytometry 6, 627–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T., Nagashima, T., Cho, K. G., Murovic, J. A., Hodes, J. E., Wilson, C. B., Edwards, M. S. & Pitts, L. H. (1986a) S-phase fraction of human brain tumours in situ measured by uptake of bromodeoxyuridine. Int. J. Cancer 38, 369–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T., Nagashima, T., Murovic, J. A., Wilson, C. B. & Davis, R. L. (1986b) Proliferative potential of human meningiomas of the brain. A cell kinetics study with bromodeoxyuridine. Cancer 58, 1466–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T., Rodriguez, L. A., Cho, K. G., Lee, K. S., Wilson, C. B., Edwards, M. S., Levin, V. A. & Davis, R. L. (1988) Prognostic implications of the proliferative potential of low-grade astrocytomas. J. Neurosurg. 69, 839–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T., Nagashima, T., Cho, K. G., Davis, R. L., Donegan, J., Slusarz, M. & Wilson, C. B. (1989a) Variability in the proliferative potential of human gliomas. J. Neurooncol. 7, 137–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T., Prados, M., Wilson, C. B., Cho, K. G., Lee, K. S. & Davis, R. L. (1989b) Prognostic implications of the bromodeoxyuridine labelling index of human gliomas. J. Neurosurg. 71, 335–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, T., Ahn, D., Prados, M. D., Lamborn, K. & Wilson, C. B. (1993) Prognostic significance of the proliferative potential of intracranial gliomas measured by bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Int. J. Cancer 53, 550–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Y., Chang, C. C. & Trosko, J. E. (1983) Aphidicolin-induced endoreduplication in Chinese hamster cells. Cancer Res. 43, 1361–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huitfeldt, H. S., Brandtzaeg, P. & Poirier, M. C. (1990) Reduced DNA adduct formation in replicating liver cells during continuous feeding of a chemical carcinogen. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 5955–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, H. & Yoshimoto, T. (1992) The relationship between c-myc protein expression, the bromodeoxyuridine labelling index and the biological behavior of pituitary adenomas. Acta Neuropathol (Berl.) 83, 361–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imai, T., Kobayasi, S., Rodrigues, M. A., DeCamargo, J.L., Ogawa, K., Iwata, H. & Tatematsu, M. (1993) Reduction of cell proliferative activities of gastric stump adenomatous hyperplasias after bile reflux diversion in rats. Carcinogenesis 14, 1765–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, S. & Mizuno, S. (1992) The theory of flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle and their applications in biology and oncology. Nippon Rinsho 50, 2324–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, S., Mizuno, S., Ito, M. & Ohnuma, T. (1992) Flow cytometric analyses of the characteristics of tumour cells treated with two platinum compounds: 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-aminomethylpyrrolidine)-platinum(II) and cisplatin. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 83, 1231–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, T., Tashima, T., Nishio, S., Takeshita, I., Iwaki, T. & Fukui, M. (1988) Vascular permeability and cell kinetics of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced rat brain tumours. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 91, 67–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inuyama, Y., Fujii, M. & Tanaka, J. (1985) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in maxillary sinus carcinoma with cisplatin and peplomycin intraarterial infusion. Auris Nasus Larynx 12 (Suppl II), 249–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isetani, K., Hosokawa, Y., Wakabayashi, N., Tokita, K., Mitsufuji, S., Maruyama, K., Kodama, T., Kashima, K., Tsuchihashi, Y. (1993) [Analysis of proliferative activity in gastric biopsy specimens by combined BrdU and DNA polymerase alpha immunohistochemistry.] Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 90, 91–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, H., Kamiryo, T., Kajiwara, K., Nishizaki, T. & Oshita, N. (1990) [Malignancy of brain tumours.] No Shinkei Geka 18, 595–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, S., Hoshino, T., Prados, M. D. & Edwards, M. S. (1992a) Cell kinetics of medulloblastomas. Cancer 70, 671–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, S., Hoshino, T., Shibuya, M., Prados, M. D., Edwards, M. S. & Davis, R. L. (1992b) Proliferative characteristics of juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas determined by bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Neurosurgery 31, 413–18; discussion 419.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh, T., Yamamoto, Y., Saka, T., Inoue, I. & Takahashi, H. (1993) Estimation of proliferative activity of experimental tongue carcinoma in rats. Immunohistochemical and DNA cytofluorometric analysis. Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh) 113, 568–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izumoto, S., Arita, N., Ushio, Y., Hayakawa, T., Yoshimine, T., Tzuu-Yuan, H., Nagatani, M., Oku, Y. & Mogami, H. (1988) [Effect of ACNU against experimental brain tumour immunohistochemical study using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody] NoTo Shinkei 40, 1095–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izutsu, T., Hirama, T., Matsuda, M., Yoshizumi, N., Kagabu, T. & Nishiya, I. (1989) [Cell kinetic effects of cisplatinum on cancer cells in a culture system and in cases of cervical cancer using monoclonal antibody of BrdU.] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 16, 1834–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacoby, R. F., Bolt, M. J., Dolan, M. E., Otto, G., Dudeja, P., Sitrin, M. D. & Brasitus, T. A. (1993) Supplemental dietary calcium fails to alter the acute effects of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine on O6-methylguanine, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyItransferase and cellular proliferation in the rat colon. Carcinogenesis 14, 1175–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janus, T. J., Kim, E. E., Tilbury, R., Bruner, J. M., Yung, W. K. (1993) Use of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with primary malignant brain tumours. Ann. Neurol. 33, 540–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johannisson, A., Eriksson, B., Amneus, H. & Zetterberg, G. (1992) Attempts to use the HPRT-assay as an automated short-term monitor for an acute exposure to mutagens. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 8, 233–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, H. B., Clarke, N. A. & Barrass, N. C. (1993) Phenobarbital-induced hepatocellular proliferation: anti-bromodeoxyuridine and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunocytochemistry. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 41, 21–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung-Rou, T. (1989) [Biological activity of hepatocellular carcinoma by analysing nuclear DNA ploidy patterns and using anti BrdU monoclonal antibody.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 90, 168–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaku, T., Ohuchi, T., Nakade, O., Ogawa, A., Kanno, H., Abe, H. & Okuyama, T. (1989) Patterns of epithelial proliferation revealed by intraperitoneal administration of bromodeoxyuridine during buccal pouch carcinogenesis in hamsters. Shika Kiso Igakkai Zasshi 31, 749–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaleta-Michaels, S., Char, D. H., Kroll, S. M. & Waldman, F. M. (1991) Retinoblastoma cell cycling. Cytometry 12, 188–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamata, Yonemura, Y., Sugiyama, K., Ooyama, S., Kosaka, T., Yamaguchi, A., Miwa, K. & Miyasazi, I. (1989) Proliferative activity of early gastric cancer measured by in vitro and in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Cancer 64, 1665–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamata, T., Yonemura, Y., Oyama, S., Sugiyama, K., Kosaka, T., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1990) [Malignancy in gastric cancer, with special reference to the distribution of BrdU-labelled cells]. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 91, 335–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katano, N., Tsurusawa, M., Niwa, M. & Fujimoto, T. (1989) Flow cytometric determination with bromodeoxyuridine/DNA assay of sensitivity of Sphase cells to cytosine arabinoside in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 11, 411–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka, M., Akagi, K., Kobayashi, K., Ooyama, A. & Tanaka, Y. (1990) [Analysis of cell kinetics using BrdU monoclonal antibody on cultured tumour cells after irradiation and treatment with anti-cancer drugs.] Hum. Cell 3, 45–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katayanagi, N. (1990) [An experimental study of anti-cancer agent sensitivity test in human gastric cancer cell lines by flow cytometry]. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 91, 827–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katayanagi, N., Suzuki, T., Tanaka, O. & Muto, T. (1992) [Flow cytometric BrdU/DNA assay for anti-cancer agent sensitivity test.] Nippon Rinsho 50, 2386–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, M., Popp, J. A., Conolly, R. B. & Cattley, R. C. (1993) Relationship between hepatocyte necrosis, proliferation, and initiation induced by diethylnitrosamine in the male F344 rat. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 20, 155–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawamoto, K., Wada, Y., Kumazawa, H., Yamashita, T., Kumazawa, T. & Matsumura, H. (1992) Experimental and clinical evaluation by flow cytometry for the mechanism of combination therapy (cisplatin and peplomycin). Cytometry 13, 307–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawaoi, A., Matsumoto, H., Suzuki, K. & Moriyama, S. (1991) Histogenesis of diisopropanolnitrosamine (DIPN)-induced tumours of the rat thyroid gland. Virchows Arch. B. Cell Pathol. 61, 49–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawauchi, K., Sato, Y., Furuya, T. & Watanabe, S. (1989) Determination of proliferative fractions detected by immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibodies to bromodeoxyuridine and Ki-67 in malignant lymphomas. Hematol. Oncol. 7, 257–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, S., Raza, A., Petrelli, N. & Mittleman, A. (1988) In vivo determinations of labelling index of metastatic colorectal carcinoma and normal colonic mucosa using intravenous infusions of bromodeoxyuridine. J. Surg. Oncol. 39, 114–18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khinev, S., Georgieva, V., Dafinova, E. & Pukhtova, B. (1993) [Changes in the cell cycle of cultured lymphocytes from patients subjected to halothane anesthesia.] Khirurgiia (Sofiia) 46, 10–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, N., Yamaguchi, Y., Mori, K., Takata, N., Goto, M., Makino, Y., Hamaguchi, H., Hisama, N. & Ogawa, M. (1993) Effect of cyclosporine on liver regeneration after orthotopic reduced-size hepatic transplantation in the rat. Dig. Dis. Sci. 38, 1492–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuyama, S. (1989) [Cell kinetic study of human carcinomas using bromodeoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 90, 355–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuyama, S., Kubota, T., Watanabe, M., Ishibiki, K. & Abe, O. (1988) Cell kinetic study of human carcinomas using bromodeoxyuridine. Cell Tissue Kinet. 21, 15–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinami, Y., Ashida, Y., Gotoda, H., Seto, K., Kojima, Y. & Takashima, S. (1993) Promoting effects of bile acid load on the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma induced by diisopropanolnitrosamine in hamsters. Oncology 50, 46–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kindy-Degnan, N., Char, D. H., Swift, P., Kaleta, S. & Ljung, B. M. (1989) Bromodeoxyuridine uptake in the assessment of hyperthermic therapy for intraocular tumour. Arch. Ophthalmol. 107, 746–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirillova, T. V., Rozanov, I.U.M. & Spivak, I. M. (1992) [The effect of 3-aminobenzamide on the mitotic cycle of Chinese hamster cells cultured on a medium with 5-bromodeoxyuridine following ionizing radiation action.] Tsitologiia 34, 76–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkhus, B., Olsen, W. M. & Clausen, O. P. (1991) A comparison between the epidermal regenerative responses provoked by a skin irritant and a tumour promoter using anti-BrdUrd/DNA flow cytometry. Carcinogenesis 12, 833–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kitano, M., Hatano, H. & Shisa, H. (1992) Strain difference of susceptibility to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced tongue carcinoma in rats. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 83, 843–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kleibeuker, J. H., Welberg, J. W., Mulder, N. H., van derMeer, R., Cats, A., Limburg, A. J., Kreumer, W. M., Hardonk, M. J. & DeVries, E.G. (1993) Epithelial cell proliferation in the sigmoid colon of patients with adenomatous polyps increases during oral calcium supplementation. Br. J. Cancer 67, 500–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotecki, M., Pawlak, A. L. & Wiktorowicz, K. E. (1989) The inhibitory effect of theophylline on cell cycle kinetics of human lymphocytes. in vitro. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) 37, 725–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koza, R. A., Moore, M. J. & Stegeman, J. J. (1993) Elevated ornithine decarboxylase activity, polyamines and cell proliferation in neoplastic and vacuolated liver cells of winter flounder. (Pleuronectes americanus). Carcinogenesis 14, 399–405.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, F. E. & Tseng, S. C. (1993) A tumour promoter-resistant subpopulation of progenitor cells is larger in limbal epithelium than in corneal epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci. 34, 2501–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ku, W. W., Shih, L. M., Chapin, R. E. (1993) The effects of boric acid (BA) on testicular cells in culture [see comments] CM — Comment in: Reprod. Toxicol. 1993 Jul–Aug; 7(4): 295–6. Reprod. Toxicol. 7, 321–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubbies, M., Goller, B., Schetters, B., Bar-Tosek, I. & Albert, W. (1991) Glutathione restores normal cell activation and cell cycle progression in cis-platinum treated human lymphocytes. Br. J. Cancer 64, 843–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kudo, H., Sakamoto, S., Suzuki, S., Kuwa, K., Nakayama, T., Sugiura, Y., Kasahara, N., Tomiyama, J. & Adachi, Y. (1992) Thermal effects on DNA synthesis in bone marrow cells of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Anticancer Res. 12, 1543–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kusaba, Y. (1992) [Clinicopathological study on the proliferation and differentiation of laryngeal carcinoma and dysplasia.] Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 83, 426–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koza, R. A., Moore, M. J. & Stegeman, J. J. (1993) Elevated ornithine decarboxylase activity, polyamines and cell proliferation in neoplastic and vacuolated liver cells of winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus). Carcinogenesis 14, 399–405.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kusewitt, D. F., Budge, C. L., Nolla, H. A., Edwards, B. S. & Ley, R. D. (1992) Cell cycle progression in denV-transfected murine fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Mutat. Res. 274, 163–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Labrousse, F., Daumas-Duport, C., Batorski, L. & Hoshino, T. (1991) Histological grading and bromodeoxyuridine labelling index of astrocytomas. Comparative study in a series of 60 cases. J. Neurosurg. 75, 202–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lacombe, F., Belloc, F., Dumain, P., Puntous, M., Lopez, F., Bernard, P., Boisseau, M. & Reiffers, J. (1992) Quantitation of resistance to cytosine arabinoside from BrdUrd/DNA bivariate histograms. Cytometry 13, 730–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langer, E. M., Hemmer, J., Kleinhans, G. & Gohde, W. (1988) The applications of the BrdUrd-technique for the estimation of cycling S-phase cells in human renal cell carcinoma. Urol. Res. 16, 303–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lanier, T. L., Berger, E. K. & Eacho, P. I. (1989) Comparison of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and [3H]thymidine for studies of hepatocellular proliferation in rodents. Carcinogenesis 10, 1341–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. P., Valentine, R. & Bogdanffy, M. S. (1992) Nasal lesion development and reversibility in rats exposed to aerosols of dibasic esters. Toxicol. Pathol. 20, 376–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. S., Hoshino, T., Rodriguez, L. A., Bederson, J., Davis, R. L. & Wilson, C. B. (1990) Bromodeoxyuridine labelling study of intracranial meningiomas: proliferative potential and recurrence. Acta Neuropathol (Berl.) 80, 311–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lelande, M. (1990) A reversible arrest point in the late G1 phase of the mammalian cell cyce. Exp. Cell Res. 186, 332–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liebmann, J. E., Hahn, S. M., Cook, J. A., Lipschultz, C., Mitchell, J. B. & Kaufman, D. C. (1993) Glutathione depletion by l-buthionine sulfoximine antagonizes taxol cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 53, 2066–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limas, C., Bigler, A., Bair, R., Bernhart, P. & Reddy, P. (1993) Proliferative activity of urothelial neoplasms: comparison of BrdU incorporation, Ki67 expression, and nucleolar organiser regions. J. Clin. Pathol. 46, 159–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lloveras, B., Edgerton, S. & Thor, A. D. (1991) Evaluation of in vitro bromodeoxyuridine labelling of breast carcinomas with the use of a commercial kit. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 95, 41–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loury, D. J., Goldsworthy, T.L. & Butterworth, B.E. (1987) The value of measuring cell proliferation as a predictive index of tissue specific tumourogenic potential. In Nongenotoxic Mechanisms in Carcinogenesis (edited by Butterworth, B.E. & Slaga, T. J.) pp. 119–36. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutzow-Holm, C., De, AngelisP. & Clausen, O.P. (1992) Retinoic acid provokes a regeneration-like proliferative response in murine epidermis. A bivariate DNA/bromodeoxyuridine flow cytometric study. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 284, 418–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mack, E. E. & Wilson, C. B. (1993) Meningiomas induced by high-dose cranial irradiation. J. Neurosurg. 79, 28–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mcnally, N. J. (1989) Can cell kinetic parameters predict the response of tumours to radiotherapy? Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 56, 777–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maeda, T. & Hoshino, T. (1992) [Proliferation kinetics of human brain tumours by in situ double labelling with bromodeoxyuridine and iododeoxyuridine.] No To Shinkei 44, 821–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mancini, R., Jezequel, A. M., Benedetti, A., Paolucci, F., Trozzi, L. & Orlandi, F. (1992) quantitative analysis of proliferating sinusoidal cells in dimethylmtrosamine-induced cirrhosis. An immunohistochemical study. J. Hepatol 15, 361–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manson, M. M., Green, J. A., Wright, B. J. & Carthew, P. (1992) Degree of ethoxyquin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat is dependent on age and sex. Arch. Toxicol. 66, 51–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • March, K. L., Wilensky, R. L., Roeske, R. W. & Hathaway, D. R. (1993) Effects of thiol protease inhibitors on cell cycle and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. Circ. Res. 72, 413–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margarino, G., Scala, M., Schenone, G., Mereu, P., Corvo, R., Sanguineti, G., Giaretti, W., Geido, E., Orecchia, R., Meszaros, P. et al. (1992) [Cell kinetic analysis and treatment planning in epidermoid tumours of the head and neck.] Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 12, 421–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mariya, Y., Aoki, M., Tarusawa, N., Takekawa, S., Kaimori, M. & Abe, Y. (1993) [Determination of potential doubling time using in vitro continuous labelling method with bromodeoxyuridine: estimation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.] Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 53, 976–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mark, M. P., Bloch-Zupan, A. & Ruch, J. V. (1992) Effects of retinoids on tooth morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 36, 517–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, M. J., Holt, I., Davie, M. W. (1993) Osteoclast recruitment in mice is stimulated by (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate. Calcif. Tissue Int. 52, 21–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maruno, K., Yamaguchi, K., Abe, K., Suzuki, M., Saijo, N., Mishima, Y., Yanaihara, N. & Shimosato, Y. (1989) Immmunoreactive gastrin-releasing peptide as a specific tumour marker in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Res. 49, 629–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mashiba, H., Matsunaga, K., Yagawa, K., Nomura, Y., Yoshinaga, H., Furusawa, M. & Jimi, S. (1981) Elevated cytostatic activity of monocytes from cancer patients. Gann 72, 848–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsson, P., Amnéus, H., Djupsjobacka, M., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, L., Fellner-Feldegg, H. & Zetterberg, G. (1985) Direct and indirect flow cytometric enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cytometry 6, 648–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsubara, M., Sakai, M., Yamagami, K., Kitazawa, Y., Kawamoto, K. & Tanaka, T. (1992) [The influence of paraquat on cell cycle — analysis of cell kinetics using DNA/BrdU staining.] Hum. Cell 5, 372–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, H. & Sasaki, Y. (1989) Staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor interferes with proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 158, 105–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, M., Takagi, H. & Yoshimura, N. (1993) Synergistic suppression of retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation in culture by radiation and hyperthermia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34, 2068–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsunaga, S., Ijiri, K., Sakou, T. & Morimoto, N. (1993) Immunohistochemical study of activating osteoblasts from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells by electrical stimulation. Bone 14, 327–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maybaum, J., Burton, E. C., Shelton, D. A., Jing, H. W., Dusenbury, C. E., Ensminger, W. D. & Stetson, P. L. (1991) Divergent patterns of incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine and iododeoxyuridine in human colorectal tumour cell lines. Biochem. Pharmacol 42, 131–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayol, X., Neal, G. E., Davies, R., Romero, A. & Domingo, J. (1992) Ethinyl estradiol-induced cell proliferation in rat liver. Involvement of specific populations of hepatocytes. Carcinogenesis 13, 2381–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. S., Koehm, S. L., Hughes, J. M., Higa, E., Wittliff, J. L., Lagos, J. A. & Manes, J. L. (1993) Bromodeoxyuridine labelling for S-phase measurement in breast carcinoma. Cancer 71, 3531–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, M. A., Mazewski, C. M., Yousuf, N., Sheikh, Y., White, L. M., Yanik, G. A., Hyams, D. M., Lampkin, B. C. & Raza, A. (1991) Simultaneous immunohistochemical detection of IUdR and BrdU infused intravenously to cancer patients. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 39, 407–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, M. W. (1992) Circadian rhythym of cell proliferation in the telencephalic ventricular zone: effect of in utero exposure to ethanol. Brain Res. 595, 17–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minagawa, Y., Kigawa, J., Kanamori, Y., Itamochi, H. & Terakawa, N. (1993) Tumour cell kinetics in elderly patients with cervical cancer. Obstet. Gynecol. 81, 610–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mineura, K., Watanabe, K., Izumi, I. & Kowada, M. (1992) Modulation of BUdR labelling index in rat brain tumours following intracarotid ACNU administration. J. Neurooncol. 14, 201–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miyagami, M., Tazoe, M., Kasahara, E. & Tsubokawa, T. (1989) [Therapeutic efficacy of intracarotid infusion of 20% mannitol with ACNU in Fischer rats with intracerebrally implanted 9L gliosarcoma.] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 16, 2059–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miyamoto, H., Isobe, H., Ito, M., Mizuno, S. & Kawakami, Y. (1986) [Cytokinetic effects of anticancer drugs on a human lung cancer cell line using monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine.] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 13, 3541–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mizoguchi, M., Naito, H., Kurata, Y., Shibata, M. A., Tsuda, H., Wild, C. P., Montesano, R. & Fukushima, S. (1993) Influence of aging on multi-organ carcinogenesis in rats induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 84, 139–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mizukami, Y., Nonomura, A., Noguchi, M., Taniya, T., Thomas, M., Nakamura, S. & Miyazaki, I. (1992) Effects of high and low dietary fat and indomethacin on tumour growth, hormone receptor status and growth factor expression in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer. Int. J. Tissue React. 14, 269–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mmitchell, I. D., Carlton, J. B., Chan, M. Y., Robinson, A. & Sunderland, J. (1991) NosCapine-induced polyploidy in vitro. Mutagenesis 6, 479–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Modlin, I. M., Kumar, R., Nangia, A., Soroka, C. J., Pasikhov, D. & Goldenring, J. R. (1992) Gastrin-dependent inhibitory effects of octreotide on the genesis of gastric ECLomas. Surgery 112, 1048–56; discussion 1056–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mori, H., Mori, Y., Tanaka, T., Yoshimi, N., Sugie, S., Kawamori, T. & Narisawa, T. (1992) Cell kinetic analysis of the mucosal epithelium and assay of ornithine decarboxylase activity during the process of 1-hydroxyanthraquinone-induced large bowel carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis 13, 2217–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morimura, T. (1989) Prolongation of G1 phase in cultured glioma cells by cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP): analysis using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-Hoechst technique. J. Neurooncol. 7, 71–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morimura, T., Kitz, K., Stein, H. & Budka, H. (1991) Determination of proliferative activities in human brain tumour specimens: a comparison of three methods. J. Neurooncol. 10, 1–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murovic, J. A., Nagashima, T., Hoshino, T., Edwards, M. S. & Davis, R.L. (1986) Pediatric central nervous system tumours: a cell kinetic study with bromodeoxyuridine. Neurosurgery 19, 900–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagashima, T. & Hoshino, T. (1985) [A cell kinetic study of human central nervous system tumours with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU).] No To Shinkei 37, 1195–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagashima, T., DeArmond, S.J., Murovic, J. & Hoshino, T. (1985) Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-phase cells by anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody in human brain tumour tissues. Acta Neuropathol (Berl.) 67, 155–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagashima, T., Hoshino, T., Cho, K.G., Edwards, M. S., Hudgins, R. J. & Davis, R. L. (1988) The proliferative potential of human ependymomas measured by in situ bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Cancer 61, 2433–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa, Y. & Perentes, E. (1987) Determination by anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody of cells in S phase in the human Y79 retinoblastoma line maintained in an organ culture system: effects of butyric acid. Ophthalmic Res. 19, 205–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, S., Takeda, Y., Kanno, M., Yoshida, T., Ohtake, S., Kobayashi, K., Okabe, Y. & Matsuda, T. (1991) Application of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody for the in vivo analysis of proliferative characteristics of human leukemia cells in bone marrows. Oncology 48, 285–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, T., Masuda, K., Matsumoto, S., Oku, T., Manda, T., Mori, J. & Shimomura, K. (1989) Effect of FK973, a new antitumour antibiotic, on the cell cycle of L1210 cells in vitro. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 49, 317–324.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, T., Hara, M. & Kasuga, T. (1991) Early lesion of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea-induced hamster neurofibromatosis model. Cancer Res. 51, 434–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakata, B., Chung, Y. S., Sawada, T., Yokomatsu, H., Tanaka, H., Satake, K. & Sowa, M. (1992a) [The effect of hyperthermia against pancreatic cancer cell — various examinations including flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine/DNA analysis.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 93, 1324–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakata, B., Chung, Y. S., Yokomatsu, H., Sawada, T., Kubo, T., Kondo, Y., Satake, K. & Sowa, M. (1992b) Flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine/DNA analysis of hyperthermia and/or adriamycin for human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line Capan-2. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 83, 477–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakata, B., Chung, Y. S. & Sowa, M. (1993) A flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine/DNA analysis for cytokinetics of the pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-2 after irradiation. Surg. Today 23, 717–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nemoto, R., Hattori, K., Sasaki, A., Miyanaga, N., Koiso, K. & Harada, M. (1989) Estimations of the S phase fraction in situ in transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter with bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Br. J. Urol. 64, 339–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nemoto, R., Hattori, K., Uchida, K., Shimazui, T., Koiso, K. & Harada, M. (1990a) Estimation of growth fraction in situ in human bladder cancer with bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Br. J. Urol. 65, 27–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nemoto, R., Hattori, K., Uchida, K., Shimazui, T., Nishijima, Y., Koiso, K. & Harada, M. (1990b) S-phase fraction of human prostate adenocarcinoma studied with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Cancer 66, 509–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noguchi, M. & Ohta, N. (1993) Influences of high dietary fat and/or indomethacin on tumour proliferation and cell kinetics of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas in rats. In Vivo 7, 53–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noguchi, M., Ohta, N., Kitagawa, H., Earashi, M., Thomas, M., Miyazaki, I. & Mizukami, Y. (1992) Effects of switching from a high-fat diet to a low-fat diet on tumour proliferation and cell kinetics of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in rats. Oncology 49, 246–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nüsse, M., Afzal, S. M., Carr, B. & Kavanau, K. (1985) Cell cycle kinetic measurements in an irradiated rat rhabdomyosarcoma using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine. Cytometry 6, 611–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nylander, K., Anneroth, G., Gustafsson, H., Roos, G., Stenling, R. & Zackrisson, B. (1994) Cell kinetics of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Acta Oncologica 33, 23–28.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O'donnell, A. F., O'connell, P. R., Royston, D., Johnston, D. H., Barnard, R. & Bouchier-Hayes, D. (1991) Suture technique affects perianastomotic colonic crypt cell production and tumour formation. Br. J. Surg. 78, 671–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa, K., Hoshiya, T., Kato, T., Shirai, T. & Tatematsu, M. (1992) Reversibility of carcinogen-induced rat forestomach basal cell hyperplasia is due to squamous cell differentiation. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 83, 699–704.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohgaki, H., Szentirmay, Z., Take, M. & Sugimura, T. (1989) Effects of 4-week treatment with gastric carcinogens and enhancing agents on proliferation of gastric mucosa cells in rats. Cancer Lett. 46, 117–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohi, Y. & Yoshida, H. (1992) Influence of estrogen and progesterone on the induction of mammary carcinomas by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in ovariectomized rats. Virchows Arch. B. Cell Pathol. 62, 365–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama, C., Nakazumi, H., Satoh, M., Yoshikawa, K., Hoshi, S., Orikasa, S., Hayashi, T., Mituno, S., Murakami, F., Kurosu, S. Et al. (1990) [S-phase cells of human bladder tumours by in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelling.] Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 81, 524–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama, S., Yonemura, Y. & Miyazaki, I. (1989) [Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine on gastric cancers.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 90, 1848–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama, S., Yonemura, Y., Kamata, T., Kosaka, T., Yamaguchi, A., Kouichi, Y., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1990a) [Proliferative activity as a marker for lymph node metastases on early gastric cancers-in vitro bromodeoxyuridine labelling for clinical use.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 91, 354–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama, S., Yonemura, Y. & Miyazaki, I. (1990b) Prognostic value of S-phase fraction and DNA ploidy studied with in vivo administration of bromodeoxyuridine on human gastric cancers. Cancer 65, 116–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama, S., Yonemura, Y., Miwa, K., Miyazaki, I. & Sasaki, T. (1992a) Proliferation assay of human gastric remnant by bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry. Gastroenterology 103, 789–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama, S., Yonemura, Y. & Miyazaki, I. (1992b) Proliferative activity and malignancy in human gastric cancers. Significance of the proliferation rate and its clinical application. Cancer 69, 314–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okazaki, S., Hoshiya, T., Takahashi, S., Futakuchi, M., Saito, K. & Hirose, M. (1993) Modification of hepato- and renal carcinogenesis by catechol and its isomers in rats pretreated with N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 13, 127–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oley, J. F., Tuck, P. D., Ton, T.-V. K.T., Frost, M., Karl, F., Anderson, M. W. & Maronpot, R. R. (1993) Inhalation exposure to a hepatocarcinogenic concentration of methyene chloride does not induce sustained replicative DNA synsthesis in hepatocytes of female B6C3F1 mice. Carcinogenesis 14, 811–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olivero, O. A., Huitfeldt, H. & Poirier, M. C. (1990) Chromosome site-specific immunohistochemical detection of DNA adducts in N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene—exposed Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol. Carcinog. 3, 37–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ooyama, S., Yamaguchi, A., Yonemura, Y., Takegawa, S., Kosaka, T., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1990) [Metastasis and its relation to cell kinetics in human colorectal cancers.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 91, 677–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ormerod, M. G., Imrie, P. R., Loverock, P. & Ter Haar, G. (1992) A flow cytometric study of the effect of heat on the kinetics of cell proliferation of Chinese hamster V-79 cells. Cell Prolif. 25, 41–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ormerod, M. G., Titley, J. C., Smith, T. A., Tombs, A. L. & Eccles, S. (1993) Proliferative behaviour of an oestrogen sensitive rat mammary tumour: evidence for a paracrine interaction between tumour and stroma. Br. J. Cancer 67, 107–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orton, E. C., La, Rue SM, Ensley, B. & Stenmark, K. (1992) Bromodeoxyuridine labelling and DNA content of pulmonary arterial medial cells from hypoxia-exposed and nonexposed healthy calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 53, 1925–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozawa, S., Ueda, M., Ando, N., Abe, O. & Shimizu, N. (1988) Epidermal growth factor receptors in cancer tissues of esophagus, lung, pancreas, colorectum, breast and stomach. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 79, 1201–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paganelli, G. M., Saccoccio, G., Brandi, G., Bellentani, S., Santucci, R., Armocida, C., Ponz De Leon, M. & Biasco, G. (1991) Correlation between bromodeoxyuridine labelling and ornithine decarboxylase levels in normal rectal mucosa of patients with colorectal adenoma. Cancer Lett. 59, 221–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paku, S. & Lapis, K. (1993) Morphological aspects of angiogenesis in experimental liver metastases. Am. J. Pathol. 143, 926–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pallavicini, M. G., Summers, L. J., Dolbeare, F.A. & Gray, J. W. (1985) Cytokinetic properties of asynchronous and cytosine arabinoside perturbed murine tumours measured by simultaneous bromodeoxyuridine/DNA analyses. Cytometry 6, 602–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parkins, C. S., Bush, C., Price, P. & Steel, G. G. (1991) Cell proliferation in human tumour xenografts: measurement using antibody labelling against bromodeoxyuridine and Ki-67. Cell Prolif. 24, 171–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pe, M. B., Sano, K. & Inokuchi, T. (1993) Effects of photodynamic therapy in the normal mouse tongue. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 51, 1129–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pellicciari, C., Mazzini, G., Fuhrman, Conti, A.M., DeGradaL. & Manfredi Romanini, M.G. (1989) Effect of Hypertonic medium on human cell growth: III. Changes in cell kinetics of EUE cells. Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 13, 345–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, M. A. (1993) Comparison in C3H and C3B6F1 mice of the sensitivity to diethylnitrosamine-initiation and phenobarbital-promotion to the extent of cell proliferation. Carcinogenesis 14, 299–302.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perras, J. P., Ramos, R. & Sevin, B. U. (1993) Demonstration of an S phase population of cells without DNA synthesis generated by cisplatin and pentoxifylline. Cytometry 14, 441–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piantelli, M., Rinelli, A., Macri, E., Maggiano, N., Larocca, L. M., Scerrati, M., Roselli, R., Iacoangeli, M., Scambia, G., Capelli, A. & Ranelletti, F. O. (1993) Type II estrogen binding sites and antiproliferative activity of quercetin in human meningiomas. Cancer 71, 193–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poot, M. & Hoehn, H. (1993) DNA topoisomerases and the DNA lesion in human genetic instability syndromes. Toxicol. Lett. 67, 297–308.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poot, M., Kausch, K., Kohler, J., Haaf, T. & Hoehn, H. (1990a) The minor-groove binding DNA-ligands netropsin, distamycin A and berenil cause polyploidisation via impairment of the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Cell Struct. Funct. 15, 151–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poot, M., Koehler, J., Rabinovitch, P. S., Hoehn, H. & Priest, J. H. (1990b) Cell kinetic disturbances induced by treatment of human diploid fibroblasts with 5-azacytidine indicate a major role for DNA methylation in the regulation of the chromosome cycle. Hum. Genet. 84, 258–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poot, M., Schuster, A. & Hoehn, H. (1991) Cytostatic synergism between bromodeoxyuridine, bleomycin, cisplatin and chlorambucil demonstrated by a sensitive cell kinetic assay. Biochem. Pharmacol. 41, 1903–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poot, M., Epe, B. & Hoehn, H. (1992) Cell cycle effects of the DNA topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin and m-AMSA in lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with Fanconi anemia. Mutat. Res. 270, 185–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pofert, R. J., Joyce, A. D., Thomas, D. J., Walmsley, B. H. & Coptcoat, M. J. (1993) Bromodeoxyuridine labelling of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder — an index of recurrence? Br. J. Urol. 71, 279–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, A. J. & Singh, S. M. (1988) Transplacental teratogenesis and mutagenesis in mouse fetuses treated with cyclophosphamide. Teratogenesis Cardnog. Mutagen. 8, 191–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potten, C. S., Kellett, M., Roberts, S. A., Rew, D. A. & Wilson, G. D. (1992a) Measurement of in vivo proliferation in human colorectal mucosa using bromodeoxyuridine. Gut 33, 71–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Potten, C. S., Kellett, M., Rew, D. A. & Roberts, S. A. (1992b) Proliferation in human gastrointestinal epithelium using bromodeoxyuridine in vivo: data for different sites, proximity to a tumour, and polyposis coli. Gut 33, 524–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Preisler, H. D., Gopal, V., Banavali, S. D., Finke, D. & Bokari, S. A. (1992) Multiparameter assessment of the cell cycle effects of bioactive and cytotoxic agents. Cancer Res. 52, 4090–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, Y., Schally, A. V. & Willems, G. (1992) Treatment of liver metastases of human colon cancers in nude mice with somatostatin analogue RC-160. Int. J. Cancer 52, 791–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radner, H. & Karcher, H. (1990) [Immunohistochemical results obtained with bromodeoxy uridine (BUdR) labelled tumours of the head and neck.] Dtsch. Z. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 14, 116–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, S. A. & Tsuyama, S. (1993) Immunohistochemical study of cell proliferation and differentiation in epidermis of mice after administration of cholera toxin. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 285, 27–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay, J., Suit, H. D., Preffer, F. I. & Sedlacek, R. (1988) Changes in bromodeoxyuridine labelling index during radiation treatment of an experimental tumor. Radiat. Res. 116, 453–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A. & Preisler, H. D. (1990) Cellular dynamics of leukaemias. Crit. Rev. Oncol. 1, 373–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A. & Preisler, H. D. (1985) Double labelling of human leukemic cells using 3H-cytarabine and monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine. Cancer Treat. Rep. 69, 195–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Ucar, K. & Preisler, H. D. (1985) Double labelling and in vitro versus in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Cytometry 6, 633–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Maheshwari, Y., Yasin, Z., Mandava, N., Mayers, G. & Preisler, H. D. (1987) A new method for studying cell cycle characteristics in ANLL using double-labelling with BrdU and 3HTdr. Leuk. Res. 11, 1079–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Gezer, S., Mehdi, I. & Preisler, H. D. (1989a) Detection of BrdU in the regenerating bone marrow cells of a patient with AML. Leuk. Res. 13, 1055–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Khan, S. P., Mehdi, I., Imren, S., Yasin, Z. & Preisler, H. D. (1989b) Cell cycle characteristics in myeloid leukaemias. Bone Marrow Transplant 4, suppl. 1, 26–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Preisler, H. D., Day, R., Yasin, Z., White, M., Lykins, J., Kukla, C., Barcos, M., Bennett, J., Browman, G. et al. (1990) Direct relationship between remission duration in acute myeloid leukemia and cell cycle kinetics: a leukemia intergroup study. Blood 76, 2191–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Bokhari, J., Yousuf, N., Mehdi, A., Mazewski, C., Khan, S., Baker, V. & Lampkin, B. (1991a) Cell cycle kinetic studies in human cancers. Development of three DNA-specific labels in three decades. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 115, 873–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Preisler, H., Lampkin, B., Yousuf, N., Tucker, C., Peters, N., White, M., Kukla, C., Gartside, P., Siegrist, C. et al. (1991b) Biological significance of cell cycle kinetics in 128 standard risk newly diagnosed patients with acute myelocytic leukemia. Br. J. Haematol. 79, 33–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Gezer, S., Anderson, J., Lykins, J., Bennett, J., Browman, G., Goldberg, J., Larson, R., Vogler, R. & Preisler, H. D. (1992a) Relationship of [3H]Ara-C incorporation and response to therapy with high-dose Ara-C in AML patients: a Leukemia Intergroup study. Exp. Hematol. 20, 1194–201.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Yousuf, N., Bohkari, S. A., Sheikh, Y., Akhtar, S., Chughtai, S., Umerani, A., Mehdi, S. A., Miller, M. A., Masterson, M. et al. (1992b) In situ cell cycle kinetics in bone marrow biopsies following sequential infusions of ILJdR/BrdU in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Leuk. Res. 16, 299–306.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Preisler, H., Lampkin, B., Lykins, J., Kukla, C., Gartside, P., Sheikh, Y., Yousuf, N., White, M., Barcos, M. et al. (1993a) Clinical and prognostic significance of in vivo differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 42, 147–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, A., Yousuf, N., Bokhari, S., Mehdi, A., Masterson, S. M., Lampkin, B., Yanik, G., Mazewski, C., Khan, S. & Preisler, H. (1993b) Contribution of in vivo proliferation/differentiation studies toward the development of a combined system of classification and morphologic system of classification of neoplastic diseases. Cancer, Supplement 69, 1557–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, J.K. & Lalwani, N.D. (1983) Carcinogenesis by hepatic peroxisome proliferators: evaluation of the risk of hypolipidemic drugs and industrial plasticizers to humans. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 12, 1–58.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, J. K., Rao, M. S., Azarnoff, D. L. & Sell, S. (1979) Mitogenic and carcinogenic effects of a hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferator [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid (WY-14,643), in rat and mouse liver. Cancer Res. 39, 152–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, J. K., Azarnoff, D. L. & Hignite, C. E. (1980) Hypolipidaemic hepatic peroxisome proliferators form a novel class of chemical carcinogens. Nature, 283, 397–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Remvikos, Y., Vielh, P., Padoy, E., Benyahia, B., Voillemot, N. & Magdelenat, H. (1991) Breast cancer proliferation measured on cytological samples: a study by flow cytometry of S-phase fractions and BrdU incorporation. Br. J. Cancer 64, 501–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rew, D. A. (1992) Clinical applications of flow cytometry. Br. J. Hosp. Med. 48, 171–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rew, D. A., Campbell, I. D., Taylor, I. & Wilson, G. D. (1992) Proliferation indices of invasive breast carcinomas after in vivo 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labelling: a flow cytometric study of 75 tumours. Br. J. Surg. 79, 335–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riccardi, A., Montecucco, C. M., Danova, M., Ucci, G., Mazzini, G., Giordano, P. & Pasquali, F. (1986) Flow cytometric evaluation of proliferative activity and ploidy in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukaemias. Basic Appl. Histochem. 30, 181–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riccardi, A., Danova, M. & Ascari, E. (1988) Bromodeoxyuridine for cell kinetic investigations in humans. Haematologica 73, 423–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riccardi, A., Danova, M., Dionigi, P., Gaetani, P., Cebrelli, T., Butti, G., Mazzini, G. & Wilson, G. (1989) Cell kinetics in leukaemia and solid tumours studied with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry. Br. J. Cancer 59, 898–903.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riccardi, A., Giordano, M., Danova, M., Girino, M., Brugnatelli, S., Ucci, G. & Mazzini, G. (1991) Cell kinetics with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry: clinical significance in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Eur. J. Cancer 27, 882–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riccardi, A., Danova, M., Paccagnella, A., Giordano, M., Favaretto, A., Panozzo, M., Ghiotto, C., Comis, S., Fiorentino, M., Chieco-Bianchi, L. & Ascari, E. (1993) Bone marrow myeloid cell kinetics during treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung with chemotherapy not associated and associated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Ann. Hematol. 66, 185–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, F. C., Copple, D. M. & Eacho, P. I. (1992) Effects of methapyrilene on DNA synthesis in mice and rats following continuous dietary exposure. Carcinogenesis 13, 2453–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rijhsinghani, K., Choi, H. S., Burton, L. A., Paronetto, F. & Tavoloni, N. (1993) Immuno-electron microscopy identification of early proliferating cells in rat liver tissue during hyperplasia induced by lead nitrate. Hepatology 17, 685–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risio, M. (1992) Cell proliferation in colorectal tumour progression: an immunohistochemical approach to intermediate biomarkers. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 16G, 79–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risio, M., Coverlizza, S., Candelaresi, G. L., Bertone, A., Capfa, A. P., Boidi-Trotti, A. & Rossini, F. P. (1990) Late cytokinetic abnormalities in irradiated rectal mucosa. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 5, 98–102.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risio, M., Candelaresi, G. & Rossini, F. P. (1993) Bromodeoxyuridine uptake and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression throughout the colorectal tumour sequence. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2, 363–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roemer, E., Anton, H. J. & Kindt, R. (1993) Cell proliferation in the respiratory tract of the rat after acute inhalation of formaldehyde or acrolein. J. Appl. Toxicol. 13, 103–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roncucci, L., Pedroni, M., Scalmati, A., Bormioli, M. L., Sassatelli, R., Fante, R., Losi, L., Di Gregorio, C., Petocchi, B., Ponz, De Leon, M. (1992) Cell kinetics evaluation of colorectal tumours after in vivo administration of bromodeoxyuridine. Int. J. Cancer 52, 856–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roncucci, L., Pedroni, M., Fante, R., DiGregorio, C., Ponz deLeon, M. (1993) Cell kinetic evaluation of human colonic aberrant crypts. Cancer Res. 53, 3726–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, D. A., Huaman, J. A. & Barsky, S. H. (1992) A study of the heterogeneity of the mucoepidermoid tumour and the implication for future therapies. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 118, 1172–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, R. A., Bossart, E., Spengler, B. A. & Biedler, J. L. (1991) Multipotent capacity of morphologically intermediate (I-type) human neuroblastoma cells after treatment with differentiation-inducing drugs. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 366, 193–201.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruers, T. J., Schutte, B., van derLinden, C. J. & Buurman, W. A. (1990) Cellular proliferation at the site of organ allografts and the influence of immunosuppressive therapy. Transplantation 50, 568–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russo, A., Pacchierotti, F., Bassani, B. & Levis, A. G. (1989) Lack of induction of somatic aneuploidy in the mouse by nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Mutat. Res. 226, 111–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saeter, G., Schwarze, P.E., Nesland, J.M., Juul, N., Pettersen, E. & Seglen, P.O. (1988) The polyploidizing growth pattern of normal rat liver is replaced by divisional, diploid growth in hepatocellular nodules and carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 9, 939–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sahni, K., Tribukait, B. & Einhorn, N. (1990) Development of ploidy and cell proliferation in serial samples of ascites from patients with ovarian carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 29, 193–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, K., Uda, H., Tanaka, S., Kuwabara, H. & Sakamoto, H. (1992) A light and electron microscopic histochemical study on lectin binding to cells with high metastatic potential in Lewis lung carcinoma. J. Exp. Pathol. 6, 123–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto, S., Sawaki, K., Suzuki, S., Kudo, H., Mori, T. & Nagasawa, H. (1992) Effects of danazol on DNA synthesis in submaxillary glands of male rats. In Vivo 6, 141–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto, S., Mori, T., Sawaki, K., Sassa, S., Suzuki, S., Sugiura, Y., Kudo, H., Kasahara, N. & Nagasawa, H. (1993) Effects of danazol on DNA synthesis in rat prostate. Prostate 22, 119–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakata, K., Aoki, Y., Karasawa, K., Nakagawa, K., Hasezawa, K., Muta, N., Terahara, A., Onogi, Y., Sasaki, Y. & Akanuma, A. (1993) Analysis of the results of combined therapy for maxillary carcinoma. Cancer 71, 2715–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • San-Galli, F., Maire, J. P. & Guerin, J. (1991) [Medulloblastoma: towards new prognostic factors.] Neurochirurgie 37, 3–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkaria, J. N., Gibson, D. F., Jordan, V. C., Fowler, J. F., Lindstrom, M. J. & Mulcahy, R. T. (1993) Tamoxifen-induced increase in the potential doubling time of MCF-7 xenografts as determined by bromodeoxyuridine labelling and flow cytometry. Cancer Res. 53, 4413–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarraf, C. E., Ansari, T. W., Conway, P., Notay, M., Hill, S. & Alison, M. R. (1993) Bromodeoxyuridine-labelled apoptosis after treatment with antimetabolites in two murine tumours and in small intestinal crypts. Br. J. Cancer 68, 678–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, K., Kameyama, M., Ishiwata, K., Katakura, R. & Yoshimoto, T. (1992) Metabolic changes of glioma following chemotherapy: an experimental study using PET tracers. J. Neurooncol. 14, 81–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savage, J. R. & Breckon, G. (1981) Differential effects of sulphur mustard on S-phase cells of primary fibroblast cultures from Syrian hamsters. Mutat. Res. 84, 375–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savage, J. R. & Prasad, R. (1988) Generalized blocking in S phase by methotrexate. Mutat. Res. 201, 195–201.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saxe, A. & Gibson, G. (1993) Effect of lithium on incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine and tritiated thymidine into human parathyroid cells. Arch. Surg. 128, 865–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, D., Giordana, M. T., Vigliani, M. C. & Cavalla, P. (1991) Relationship between glial reaction to a stab wound and tumour development after receiving transplacental ethylnitrosourea in the rat. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 83, 30–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, D., Reuben, M., Zampighi, G. & Sachs, G. (1990) Cell isolation and genotoxicity assessment in gastric mucosa. Dig. Dis. Sci. 35, 1217–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scountzou, J., Malisiovas, N., Antoniadis, A. & Trakatellis, A. (1989) Inhibitory effect of deoxypyridoxine on the action of certain mitogenic factors. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 11, 657–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scrivner, D. L., Meyer, J. S., Rujanavech, N., Fathman, A. & Scully, T. (1991) Cell kinetics by bromodeoxyuridine labelling and deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy in prostatic carcinoma needle biopsies. J. Urol. 146, 1034–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scucchi, L., Silecchia, G.D.I., Stefano, D., Spaziani, E., Polimeno, L., Materia, A., Mingazzini, P. L., Basso, N. & Marinozzi, V. (1992) Interphasic nucleolar organizer regions expression and cell kinetics evaluation during gastric carcinogenesis induced by nitrosoguanidine in the rat. Virchows Arch. B. Cell Pathol. 62, 303–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya, M., Hoshino, T., Ito, S., Wacker, M. R., Prados, M. D., Davis, R. L. & Wilson, C. B. (1992a) Meningiomas: clinical implications of a high proliferative potential determined by bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Neurosurgery 30, 494–7; discussion 49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya, M., Saito, F., Miwa, T., Davis, R. L., Wilson, C. B. & Hoshino, T. (1992b) Histochemical study of pituitary adenomas with Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha monoclonal antibodies, bromodeoxyuridine labelling, and nucleolar organizer region counts. Acta Neuropathol (Berl.) 84, 178–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya, M., Ito, S., Davis, R. L., Wilson, C. B. & Hoshino, T. (1993a) A new method for analyzing the cell kinetics of human brain tumours by double labelling with bromodeoxyuridine in situ and with iododeoxyuridine in vitro. Cancer 71, 3109–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya, M., Ito, S., Miwa, T., Davis, R. L., Wilson, C. B. & Hoshino, T. (1993b) Proliferative potential of brain tumours. Analyses with Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha monoclonal antibodies, bromodeoxyuridine labelling, and nuclear organizer region counts. Cancer 71, 199–206.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shimabukuro, T. (1988) [Application of simultaneous flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/DNA analysis. 2. Basic study to apply as a chemosensitivity test.] Hinyokika Kiyo 34, 1349–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shimabukuro, T., Yamamoto, M., Mitsui, H., Yamamoto, N., Sakatoku, J., Harada, H. & Sacho, T. (1989a) [Cell kinetic study of urogenital tumours utilizing in vitro BrdU-labelling method and anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody.] Hinyokika Kiyo 35, 1285–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shimabukuro, T., Yamamoto, M., Mitsui, H., Yamamoto, N., Sakatoku, J. & Shinohara, Y. (1989b) [Study of flow cytometric BrdU/DNA assay.] Nippon Gan Chiryo Gakkai Shi 24, 1249–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu, T., Sakakura, Y., Hattori, T., Yamaguchi, N., Kubo, M. & Sakakura, K. (1990) Superselective intraarterial chemotherapy in combination with irradiation: preliminary report. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 11, 131–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shimosato, Y., Asamura, H. & Yoshida, K. (1989a) [The degree of malignancy in lung adenocarcinoma and related factors — nuclear DNA content and bromodeoxyuridine labelling index.] Gan No Rinsho Spec., 183–8.

  • Shimosato, Y., Asamura, H., Yoshida, K., Noguchi, M., Nakajima, T. & Mukai, K. (1989b) Factors possibly affecting the degree of malignancy in adenocarcinoma of the lung. DNA content and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling index. Chest 96, 37S-38S.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shinoda, K., Okamiya, H., Imazawa, T., Furukawa, F., Toyoda, K., Sato, H. & Taka-Hashi, M. (1989) [Application of BrdU-immunohistochemistry and lanthanum-tracer methods to the pathological evaluation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene testicular toxicity.] Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku 1, 63–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirai, T., Nakamura, A., Wada, S. & Ito, N. (1989) Pancreatic acinar cell tumours in rats induced by 3,2′-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Carcinogenesis 10, 127–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieweke, M. H., Stoker, A. W. & Bissell, M. J. (1989) Evaluation of the cocarcinogenic effect of wounding in Rous sarcoma virus tumourigenesis. Cancer Res. 49, 6419–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smit, N. P., Peters, K., Menko, W., Westerhof, W., Pavel, S. & Riley, P. A. (1992) Cytotoxicity of a selected series of substituted phenols towards cultured melanoma cells. Melanoma Res. 2, 295–304.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. F., O'Brien, K. A. & Keenan, K. P. (1991) Evaluation of bromodeoxyuridine labelling in hepatomegaly produced by peroxisomal proliferation proliferation or P-450 induction on rodents. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 369, 285–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smuckler, E. A. & Gans, J. H. (1980) The in vivo incorporation of triated thymidine into liver cell nuclear DNA in mice treated chronically with carbon tetrachloride or with diethylnitrosamine. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 33, 65–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sobhani, I., Lehy, T., Laurent-Puig, P., Cadiot, G., Ruszniewski, P. & Mignon, M. (1993) Chronic endogenous hypergastrinemia in humans: evidence for a mitogenic effect on the colonic mucosa. Gastroenterology 105, 22–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sorbye, H., Kvinnsland, S. & Svanes, K. (1993) Penetration of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to proliferative cells in gastric mucosa of rats is different in pylorus and fundus and depends on exposure time and solvent. Carcinogenesis 14, 887–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sowa, M., Nishimura, M., Yoshino, H., Kubo, T., Kato, Y., Chung, Y. S. & Umeyama, K. (1990) Experimental gastric cancer induced by N-methylN′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats. Osaka City Med. J. 36, 37–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, C. F., Desai, Z. R. & Bridges, J. M. (1991) The proliferative activity of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes prior to and after stimulation with TPA and PHA. Leuk. Res. 15, 1005–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugi, Y., Sasse, J. & Lough, J. (1993) Inhibition of precardiac mesoderm cell proliferation by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Dev. Biol. 157, 28–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama, K., Yonemura, Y., Takamura, H., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1993) [Preoperative prediction of gastric cancer development by in vitro labelling index of bromodeoxyuridine.] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 20, 796–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, H. (1988) The prognostic value of flow cytometric DNA analysis in colorectal cancer patients. Jpn. J. Surg. 18, 483–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, M. & Aldskogius, H. (1993) Infusion of cytosine-arabinoside into the cerebrospinal fluid of the rat brain inhibits the microglial cell proliferation after hypoglossal nerve injury. Glia 7, 286–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda, D. J. & Azarnoff, D. L. (1979) Tumours in male rats fed ethyl chlorophenoxyisobutyrate, a hypolipemic drug. Cancer Res. 39, 3419–28.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tabibzadeh, S. S., Satyaswaroop, P. G. & Rao, P. N. (1988) Antiproliferative effect of interferon-gamma in human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro: potential local growth modulatory role in endometrium. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67, 131–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tachibana, M., Deguchi, N., Jitsukawa, S., Baba, S., Hata, M. & Tazaki, H. (1991) Quantification of cell kinetic characteristics using flow cytometric measurements of deoxyribonucleic acid and bromodeoxyuridine for bladder cancer. J. Urol. 145, 963–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tachibana, M., Deguchi, N., Baba, S., Jitsukawa, S., Hata, M. & Tazaki, H. (1993) Prognostic significance of bromodeoxuridine high labelled bladder cancer measured by flow cytometry: does flow cytometric determination predict the prognosis of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder? J. Urol. 149, 739–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tada, T., Kodama, T., Watanabe, S., Sato, Y. & Shimosato, Y. (1986) Immunohistochemical cell kinetic study of human lung cancer by using monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 16, 129–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M., Hasegawa, T., Furukawa, F., Okamiya, H., Shinoda, K., Imaida, K., Toyoda, K. & Hayashi, Y. (1991) Enhanced lipid peroxidation in rat gastric mucosa caused by NaCl. Carcinogenesis 12, 2201–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takase, K., Sawai, M., Yamamoto, K., Yata, J., Takasaki, Y., Teraoka, H. & Tsukada, K. (1992) Reversible G1 arrest induced by dimethyl sulfoxide in human lymphoid cell lines: kinetics of the arrest and expression of the cell cycle marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen in Rafi cells. Cell Growth Differ. 3, 515–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takegawa, S. (1992) [Correlation of DNA index and BrdU labelling index with clinicopathological factors in colorectal carcinoma.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 93, 607–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, M., Tsukahara, T., Kunimine, H., Zama, A., Tamaki, Y. & Niibe, H. (1989) [Histopathologic changes and tumour cell kinetics after hyperthermia and/or radiation therapy in a rat glioma model: bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) labelling index.] No Shinkei Geka 17, 555–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, T., Sugiyama, M., Uekawa, M., Nakai, Y., Onoyama, Y. & Nakajima, T. (1991) Synergistic effects of irradiation and hyperthermia on established cell lines derived from maxillary carcinoma. Report II. Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl. (Stockh) 486, 234–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, K., Smith, P. F., Stromberg, P. C., Eydelloth, R. S., Herold, E. G., Grossman, S.J., Frank, J. D., Hertzog, P. R., Soper, K. A. & Keenan, K. P. (1992) Studies of early hepatocellular proliferation and peroxisomal proliferation in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with tumourigenic doses of clofibrate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 116, 71–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, N., Tatemoto, A., Urabe, T., Ono, M., Hizuta, A., Naomoto, Y., Gotoh, K., Moreira, L. F. & Orita, K. (1993a) Inhibition of liver regeneration in mice following extended hepatectomy by transfusion of lymphokine activated killer cells. Acta Med. Okayama 47, 21–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, N., Yamamoto, H., Tatemoto, A., Urabe, T. & Orita, K. (1993b) Regulation of liver regeneration by interleukin-2 and its inhibitors: cyclosporine A and FK 506. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 15, 211–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, T., Takeuchi, T., Nishikawa, A., Takami, T. & Mori, H. (1989) Nucleolar organizer regions in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide in rats: comparison with bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 80, 1047–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, T., Kojima, T., Suzui, M. & Mori, H. (1993) Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by the natural product of a simple phenolic compound protocatechuic acid: suppressing effects on tumour development and biomarkers expression of colon tumourigenesis. Cancer Res. 53, 3908–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taniguchi, H., Shioaki, Y., Daidoh, T., Itoh, A., Tsukuda, N., Yamaguchi, T., Sawai, K. & Takahashi, T. (1989) [Clinical study of the drug delivery in metastatic liver cancer using bromodeoxyuridine.] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 16, 3015–18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taniguchi, H., Daidoh, T., Shioaki, Y. & Takahashi, T. (1993) Blood supply and drug delivery to primary and secondary human liver cancers studied with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Cancer 71, 50–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarao, K., Shimizu, A., Harada, M., Ohkawa, S., Okamoto, N., Kuni, Y., Yoshihiko, I., Tamai, S., Iimori, K., Sugimasa, I., Takemiya, S., Okamoto, T., Inoue, T. & Kanisawa, M. (1991a) In vitro uptake of bormodeoxyuridine by human hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation to histopathologic findings and biologic behavior. Cancer 68, 1789–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarao, K., Shimizu, A., Harada, M., Ono, T., Kuni, Y., Ohkawa, S., Ito, Y., Tamai, S., Imori, K., Sugimasa, Y. et al. (1991b) Evidence of sex difference in DNA synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 82, 922–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarao, K., Ohkawa, S., Shimizu, A., Harada, M., Nakamura, Y., Ito, Y., Tamai, S., Hoshino, H., Okamoto, N., Imori, K., et al. (1993a) The male preponderance in incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients may depend on the higher DNA synthetic activity of cirrhotic tissue in men. Cancer 72, 369–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarao, K., Ohkawa, S., Shimizu, A., Harada, M., Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, N., Ito, Y., Tamai, S., Iimori, K., Sugimasa, Y. et al. (1993b) DNA synthesis activities of hepatocytes from noncancerous cirrhotic tissue and of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells from cancerous tissue can predict the survival of hepatectomized patients with HCC. Cancer 71, 3859–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tashima, T., Fukui, M., Nishio, S., Fujii, K. & Iwaki, T. (1990) Radiation-induced meningiomas and their proliferative activity. Cytokinetic study using bromodeoxyuridine. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 102, 69–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatematsu, M., Fukushima, S., Aoki, T., Mera, Y., Inoue, T. & Ito, N. (1987) Patterns of epithelial proliferation revealed by continuous administration of bromodeoxyuridine during urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 78, 879–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tatsuta, M., Iishi, H., Baba, M., Yamamura, H. & Taniguchi, H. (1988) Enhancement by prolonged administration of caerulein of experimental carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rat stomach. Cancer Res. 48, 6332–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TeBoekhorst, P. A., Lowenberg, B. & Sonneveld, P. (1993a) Enhanced chemosensitivity in acute myeoloid leukaemia by heamtopoietic growth factors: a comparison of the MTT assay with a clonogenic assay. Leukaemia 7, 1637–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • TeBoekhorst, P. A., Lowenberg, B., Vlastuin, M. & Sonneveld, P. (1993b) Enhanced chemosensitivity of clonogenic blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia by G-CSF, IL-3 or GM-CSF stimulation. Leukaemia 7, 1191–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenjin, T. (1988) [The effects of adriamycin on the cell cycle by bromodeoxyuridine-labelling method.] Nippon Gan Chiryo Gakkai Shi 23, 1623–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tenjin, T., Kimura, T., Takeda, H., Sakagami, S., Takahashi, N., Shoji, T. & Asano, G. (1989) [Effect of adriamycin on cell cycle by bromodeoxyuridine-labelling method.] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 16, 3781–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tennenbaum, T., Weiner, A. K., Belanger, A. J., Glick, A. G., Hennings, H. & Yuspa, S. H. (1993) The suprabasal expression of alpha 6 beta 4 integrin is associated with a high risk for malignant progression in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 53, 4803–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TenVelde, G. P., Schutte, B., Reijnders, M. M., Bosman, F. T. & Blijham, G. H. (1989) Cytokinetic analysis of lung cancer by bromodeoxyuridine labelling of cytology specimens. Cytometry 10, 807–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thames, H. D., Peters, L. J., Withers, H. R. & FletcherG. H. (1983) Accelerated fractionation vs hyperfractionation: Rationales for several treatments per day. Int. J. Rad. Oncol. Biol Phys. 9, 127–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, J. G., Wells, M. & Hume, W. J. (1988) Flash labelling of S-phase cells in short-term organ culture of normal and pathological human endometrium using bromodeoxyuridine and tritiated thymidine. J. Pathol. 154, 321–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, J. G., Wells, M. & Hume, W. J. (1989) Measurement of the S-phase duration in normal and abnormal human endometrium by in vitro double labelling with bromodeoxyuridine and tritiated thymidine. J. Pathol. 157, 109–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tinnemans, M. M., Schutte, B., Lenders, M. H., TenVelde, G. P., Ramaekers, F. C., & Blijham, G. H. (1993) Cytokinetic analysis of lung cancer by in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Br. J. Cancer 67, 1217–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tobey, R. A., Oishi, N. & Crissman, H. A. (1989) Synchronized human diploid fibroblasts: progression capabilities of a subpopulation that fails to keep pace with the predominant, rapidly dividing cohort of cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 139, 432–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tokita, K., Tsuchihashi, Y., Mitsufufi, S., Isetani, K., Hosokawa, Y., Tani, T., Maruyama, K., Yorioka, S., Suzuki, G., Takanshi, T. et al. (1990) [Cell proliferation in a triple gastric cancer — a study using the isolated organ perfusion system.] Gan No Rinsho 36, 801–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tse, C. S. & Williams, D. M. (1992) Inhibition of human endothelial cell proliferation in vitro in repsonse to n-butyrate and propionate. J. Periodontal. Res. 27, 506–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsubura, A., Takahashi, H. & Moril, S. (1992) DMBA-induced intestinal tumours in the Japanese house musk shrew, Suncus murinus (Insectivora). In Vivo 6, 255–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda, H., Ozaki, K., Uwagawa, S., Yamaguchi, S., Hakoi, K., Aoki, T., Kato, T., Sato, K. & Ito, N. (1992) Effects of modifying agents on conformity of enzyme phenotype and proliferative potential in focal preneoplastic and neoplastic liver cell lesions in rats. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 83, 1154–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuji, Y., Hashimoto, K., Takeda, J. & Kakegawa, T. (1992) [Cell kinetic effect of carcinostatic agents using BrdU and its monoclonal antibody.] Nippon Rinsho 50, 2381–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujihashi, H., Matsuda, H., Uejima, S., Akiyama, T. & Kurita, T. (1989) Cell proliferation of human bladder tumours. J. Urol. 142, 1113–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujihashi, H., Matsuda, H., Uejima, S., Akiyama, T. & Kurita, T. (1990) The kinetics of cellular proliferation in rat urinary bladder treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. J. Urol. 144, 1493–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsurusawa, M., Niwa, M., Katano, N. & FujiMoto, T. (1988) Flow cytometric analysis by bromodeoxyuridine/DNA assay of cell cycle perturbation of methotrexate-treated mouse L1210 leukaemia ceUs. Cancer Res. 48, 4288–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsurusawa, M., Niwa, M., Katano, N. & Fujimoto, T. (1990) Methotrexate cytotoxicity as related to irreversible S phase arrest in mouse L1210 leukaemia cells. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 81, 85–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsushima, H. (1993) [Clinical study on the cell kinetics of gastric cancer using bromodeoxyuridine labelling index — its relations with DNA ploidy pattern and epidermal growth factor.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 94, 41–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ubezio, P., Filippeschi, S. & Spinelli, L. (1991) Method for kinetic analysis of drug-induced cell cycle perturbations. Cytometry 12, 119–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Umemura, T., Tokumo, K. & Williams, G. M. (1992) Cell proliferation induced in the kidneys and livers of rats and mice by short term exposure to the carcinogen p-dichlorobenzene. Arch. Toxicol. 66, 503–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Umemura, T., Tokumo, K., Sirma, H., Gebhardt, T., Poirier, M. C. & Williams, G. M. (1993) Dose response effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene on DNA damage, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and neoplastic conversion in rat liver. Cancer Lett. 73, 1–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VanBenthem, J., Vermeulen, E., Winterwerp, H. H., Wild, C. P., Scherer, E. & DenEngelse, L. (1992) Accumulation of O6- and 7-methylguanine in DNA of N-nitroso-N-methylbenzylamine-treated rats is restricted to non-target organs for N-nitroso-N-methylbenzylamine-induced carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 13, 2101–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VanDierendonck, J. H., Keijzer, R., Cornelisse, C. J. & van de Velde, C. J. (1991) Surgically induced cytokinetic responses in experimental rat mammary tumour models. Cancer 68, 759–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VanOostrum, I. E., Rozemuller, E., Knol, R. F., Erkens-Schulze, S. & Rutgers, D. H. (1990) Cell proliferation kinetics of six xenografted human cervix carcinomas: comparison of autoradiography and bromodeoxyuridine labelling methods. Cell Tissue Kinet. 23, 523–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VanWeerden, W. M., VanKreuningen, A., Elissen, N. M., DeJong, F. H., VanSteenbrugge, G. J. & Schroder, F. H. (1992) Effects of adrenal androgens on the transplantable human prostate tumour PC-82. Endocrinology 131, 2909–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verhagen, H., Schutte, B., Reynders, M. M., Blijham, G. H., TenHoorF. & Kleinjans, J. C. (1988) Effect of short-term dietary administration of burylated hydroxyanisole on cell kinetic parameters in rate gastrointestinal tract, assessed by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Carcinogenesis 9, 1107–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, A. E., Ezhevsky, S. A., Rosanov, J. M., Kazhdan, I. A. & Zweibach, A. S. (1991) Loosening of cell cycle controls of human lymphocytes under the action of tumour promoter TPA. Cell Prolif. 24, 493–505.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wada, Y., Kawamoto, K., Oka, S., Yamashita, T., Jumazawa, T. & Matsumura, H. (1989) Clinical evaluation for the mechanism of cisplatin with bromodeoxyuridine by flow cytometry and clinico-histological study. Life Sci. 44, 259–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waldman, F. M., Dolbeare, F. & Gray, J. W. (1985) Detection of cytosine arabinoside resistant cells at low frequency using the bromodeoxyuridine/DNA assay. Cytometry 6, 657–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waldman, F. M., Dolbeare, F. & Gray, J. (1988) Clinical applications of the bromodeoxyuridine/DNA assay. Cytometry Suppl. 3, 65–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waldman, F. M., Chew, K., Ljung, B. M., Goodson, W., Hom, J., Duarte, L. A., Smith, H. S. & Mayall, B. (1991) A comparison between bromodeoxyuridine and 3H thymidine labelling in human breast tumours. Mod. Pathol. 4, 718–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waldman, F. M., Carrol, P. R., Cohen, M. B., Kerschmann, R., Chew, K. & Mayall, B. H. (1993) 5-Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and PCNA expression as measures of cell proliferation in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Mod. Pathol. 6, 20–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. Z., Tian, X., Tsumura, H., Shimura, K. & Ito, H. (1993) Antitumour activity of a new low immunosuppressive derivative of podophyllotoxin (GP-11) and its mechanisms. Anticancer Drug Des. 8, 193–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, J. M., Weghorst, C. M., Diwan, B. A., Konishi, N., Lubet, R. A., Henneman, J. R. & Devor, D. E. (1991) Evaluation of cell proliferation in the kidneys of rodents with bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry of tritiated thymidine autorodiography after exposure to renal toxins, tumour promoters, and carcinogens. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 369, 369–88.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P. A., Hanauske-Abel, H. H., Flint, A. & Lalande, M. (1991) Mimosine reversibly arrests cell cycle progression at the G1-S phase border. Cytometry 12, 242–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weidner, N., Moore, D. H., Ljung, B. M., Waldman, F. M., Goodson, W. H., Mayall, B., Chew, K. & Smith, H. S. (1993) Correlation of bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU) labelling of breast carcinoma cells with mitotic figure content and tumour grade. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 17, 987–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welberg, J. W., DeVries, E. G., Hardonk, M. J., Mulder, N. H., Harms, G., Grond, J., Zwart, N., Koudstaal, J., DeLey, L. & Kleibeuker, J. H. (1990) Proliferation rate of colonic mucosa in normal subjects and patients with colonic neoplasms: a refined immunohistochemical method. J. Clin. Pathol. 43, 453–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weller, E. M., Poot, M. & Hoehn, H. (1993) Induction of replicative senescence by 5-azacytidine: fundamental cell kinetic differences between human diploid fibroblasts and NIH-3T3 cells. Cell Prolif. 26, 45–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wenz, F., Lohr, F., Peschke, P., Wolber, G., Hover, K. H. & Hahn, E. W. (1993) [The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast neutrons on the Dunning rat prostate carcinoma R3327-HL.] Strahlenther Onkol. 169, 412–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S. D. & Einhorn, L. H. (1980) Cisplatin chemotherapy of testicular cancer. In Cisplatin: Current Status and New Developments (edited by Prestayko, A. W., Crook, S. T. & Carter, S. K.), pp. 323–8. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, K., Halliday, I., Hamilton, P., Ruddell, J., Varma, M., Maxwell, P., Crockard, A. & Rowlands, B. (1993) In vitro BrdUrd incorporation of colorectal tumour tissue. Cell Prolif. 26, 115–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. D. (1991) Assessment of human tumour proliferation using bromodeoxyuridine — current status. Acta Oncol. 30, 903–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. D. (1992) The future of flow cytometry. BJR Suppl. 24, 158–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. D. (1993) Limitations of the bromodeoxyuridine technique for measurement of tumour proliferation. In Medical Radiology, Current Topics in Clinical Radiobiology of Tumours (edited by Beckbordnholdt, H. P.), pp. 22–47. Springer-Verlag.

  • Wilson, G. G. & Mcnally, N. J. (1991) Measurement of cell proliferation using bromodeoxyuridine. In Assessment of cell Proliferation in Clinical Practice (edited by Hall, P. A., Levison, D. A. & Wright, N. A.). London: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. D., Martindale, C. A., Soranson, J. A., Carl, U. M. & Mcnally, N. J. (1992) Proliferative changes in two murine tumours in response to single or fractionated doses of X-rays. Cell Prolif. 25, 415–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M. S., West, C. M. L., Wilson, G. D., Roberts, S. A., James, R.D. & Schofield, P. F. (1993) The reliability and reproducibility of measurements of potential doubling times (Tpot) on human colorectal cancers. Br. J. Cancer 67, 754–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, R. S., Borrelli, M. J., Thompson, L. L. & Dewey, W. C. (1989) Mechanism of killing Chinese hamster ovary cells heated in G1: effects on DNA synthesis and blocking in G2. Radiat. Res. 118, 295–310.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, Y. J. (1991) [Immunohistochemical observation on the proliferative activity of rat liver in early hepatocarcinogenesis.] Chung-hua Ping Li Hsueh Tsa Chih 20, 95–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yabushita, H., Sawaguchi, K., Ueno, N., Hieda, S., Noguchi, M. & Ishihara, M. (1989) [Experimental study on the effect of UFT with concomitant radiotherapy of uterine cervical cancer.] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 16, 235–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yagura, T., Kozu, T. & Seno, T. (1982) Arrest of chain growth replicon-sized intermediates by aphidicolin during rat fibroblast cell chromosome replication. Europ. J. Biochem. 123, 15–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaghishi, T., Nakaike, S., Nanaumi, K., Otomo, S. & Tsukagoshi, S. (1993) The effect of NC-190, a novel antitumour compound, on the cell-cycle progression of HeLa S3 cells. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 32, 249–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi, K., Imanishi, K., Maruno, K., Miyake, Y., Shimosato, Y. & Abe, K. (1989) Lung cancer and autocrine growth factors. Chest 96, 9S-31S.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, Y., Makimoto, K. & Takahashi, H. (1990) Cell kinetic study on experimental tongue carcinoma in rats. Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh) 110, 314–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki, K., Saito, S., Motoo, N., Taguchi, K. & Nishimura, N. (1990) [Cell kinetics of experimental pancreatic cancers in Syrian golden hamsters using intraperitoneal continuous bromodeoxyuridine infusion.] Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 87, 1084.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki, K., Saito, S., Nishimura, N., Taguchi, K., MotoO. N., Kubota, Y., Tanaka, M. & Watanabe, A. (1991) Cell-kinetic analysis of pancreatic cancers in Syrian golden hamsters. Int. J. Pancreatol. 10, 121–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yanik, G., Yousuf, N., Miller, M. A., Swerdlow, S. H., Lampkin, B. & Raza, A. (1992) In vivo determination of cell cycle kinetics of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas using iododeoxyuridine and bromodeoxyuridine. J Histochem. Cytochem. 40, 723–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, M., Gopal, V., Banavali, S., Gartside, P. & Preisler, H. (1992) Effects of an IL-1 receptor antagonist on acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Leukaemia 6, 898–901.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yonemura, Y., Sugiyama, K., Fujimura, T., DeAretxabala, X., Kamata, T., Kosaka, T., Yamaguchi, A., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1988a) Correlation of DNA ploidy and proliferative activity in human gastric cancer. Cancer 62, 1497–503.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonemura, Y., Sugiyama, K., Kamata, T., Fujimura, T., Yamaguchi, A., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1988b) [Malignancy in gastric carcinoma, with special reference to the DNA ploidy and proliferative activity.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 89, 1175–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonemura, Y., Sugiyama, K., Kamata, T., Fushida, S., Yamaguchi, A., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1988c) [Correlation of epidermal growth factor receptor status and clinical outcome in gastric carcinoma.] Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 89, 1611–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonemura, Y., Sugiyama, K., Fujimura, T., Kamata, T., Fushida, S., Yamaguchi, A., DeAretxebala, X., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1989) Epidermal growth factor receptor status and S-phase fractions in gastric carcinoma. Oncology 46, 158–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonemura, Y., Kamata, T., Ohoyama, S., Matumoto, H., Kimura, H., Kosaka, T., Yamaguchi, A., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1991a) Relation of proliferative activity to survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Anal. Cell Pathol. 3, 103–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonemura, Y., Sugiyama, K., Fushida, S., Kamata, T., Ohoyama, S., Kimura, H., Yamaguchi, A. & Miyazaki, I. (1991b) Tissue status of epidermal growth factor and its receptor as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Anal. Cell Pathol. 3, 343–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonemura, Y., Ohoyama, S., Kimura, H., Matumoto, H., Ninomiya, I., Kosaka, T., Yamaguchi, A., Miwa, K. & Miyazaki, I. (1992) Independent clinical and flow cytometric prognostic factors for the survival of patients with stage I gastric cancer. Surg. Today 22, 416–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonemura, Y., Kimura, H., Fushida, S., Tugawa, K., Nakai, Y., Kaji, M., Fonseca, L., Yamaguchi, A. & Miyazaki, I. (1993) Analysis of proliferative activity using ami-proliferating cell nuclear antigen antiboyd in gastric cancer tissue specimens obtained by endoscopic biopsy. Cancer 71, 2448–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yong, V. W., Tejada, Berges, T., Goodyer, C. G., Antel, J. P. & Yond, F. P. (1992) Differential proliferative response of human and mouse astrocytes to gamma-interferon. Glia 6, 269–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, A., Fukazawa, M., Ushio, H., Aiyoshi, Y., Soeda, S. & Ito, K. (1989) Study of cell kinetics in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma transplanted to nude mice. J. Surg. Oncol. 41, 1–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, K., Morinaga, S., Shomosato, Y. & Hayata, Y. (1989) A cell kinetic study of pulmonary adenocarcinoma by an immunoperoxidase procedure after bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Cancer 64. 2284–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, Y., Kumanishi, T., Abe, S., Nishiyama, A., Yamada, M. & Hinokuma, K. (1989) Glomeruloid blood vessels in ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas. Histological and immunohistochemical studies. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 79, 240–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshii, Y., Maki, Y., Tsuboi, K., Tomono, Y., Nakagawa, K. & Hoshino, T. (1986) Estimation of growth fraction with bromodeoxyuridine in human central nervous system tumours. J. Neurosurg. 65, 659–663.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshii, Y., Maki, Y., Matsuki, T., Komatsu, Y., Tsurushima, H., Yamada, Y., Higuchi, O., Sugimoto, K., Takeuchi, S. & Hoshino, T. (1987) [Growth fraction of human central nervous system tumours measured by using bromodeoxyuridine.] Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) 27, 482–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimine, T., Hayakawa, T. & Mogami, H. (1988) [Factors affecting the prognosis of brain tumours.] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 15, 2022–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimura, K., Egawa, K. & Ono, T. (1990) [Pro-liferating patterns of basal cell carcinoma — immunohistological study by means of anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody.] Nippon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi 100, 575–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshinouchi, M. (1989) [Immunohistochemical approach to reveal the growth potential of uterine cancers using anti-BrdU antibody and Ki-67.] Nippon Gan Chiryo Gakkai Shi 24, 2513–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yousuf, N., Khan, S., Sheikh, Y., Hyams, D., Bokhari, J. & Raza, A. (1991a) Cell cycle parameters and DNA ploidy in colorectal carcinomas. J. Surg. Res. 51, 457–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yousuf, N., Yanik, G. A., George, B. A., Masterson, M., Mazewski, C. M., White, L. M., Miller, M. A., Lampkin, B. C. & Raza, A. (1991b) Comparison of two double labelling techniques to measure cell cycle kinetics in myeloid leukaemias. Anticancer Res. 11, 1195–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, A. C., Lee, Y. L. & Eng., L. F. (1993) Astrogliosis in culture: I. The model and the effect of antisense oligonucleotides on glial fibrillary acidic protein synthesis. J. Neurosci. Res. 34, 295–303.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaman-Saroya, S., Vaughan, F. L. & Bernstein, I.A. (1992) The effect of 2,2′-dichlorodiethyl sulfide on DNA synthesis of a murine stratified keratinocyte culture system. Chem. Biol. Interact. 84, 133–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zarbo, R. J. (1994) Quality control and technical considerations in flow cytometric DNA and cell cycle analysis of solid tumours. In Flow Cytometry and Clinical Diagnosis (edited by Keren, D. F., Hanson, C. A. & Hurtubise, P. E.). Chicago: Am. Soc. Clinical Pathologists, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarbo, R. J. & Linden, M. D. (1994) DNA analysis of gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract neoplasms. In Flow Cytometry and Clinical Diagnosis (edited by Keren, D. F., Hanson, C. A. & Hurtubise, P. E.) Chicago: Am. Soc. Clinical Pathologists, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zerek-Melen, G., Pawlikowski, M., Winczyk, K., Lachowicz-Ochedalska, A., Legowska, A., Kwasny, H., Przybylski, J. & Szadowska, A. (1993) Effects of new somatostatin analogs on the cell proliferation of colonic crypts and colonic cancers in rats. Neuroptides 25, 57–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zieleniewski, W. (1993) Effect of nilvadipine on adrenocortical cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in early stage of adrenal regeneration. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 45, 245–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zwelling, L. A., Anderson, T. & Kohn, K. W. (1979) DNA-protein and DNA interstrand cross-linking by cis- and trans-platinum diamminedichloride in L1210 mouse leukaemia and relation to cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 39, 365–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dolbeare, F. Bromodeoxyuridine: a diagnostic tool in biology and medicine, Part II: Oncology, chemotherapy and carcinogenesis. Histochem J 27, 923–964 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175570

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175570

Keywords

Navigation