Halothane anesthesia enhances the effect of dopamine uptake inhibition on interstitial levels of striatal dopamine

Abstract

The anesthetic, isoflurane, has been shown to potentiate the ability of the dopamine (DA)-uptake inhibitor, nomifensine, to increase the brain interstitial dopamine level ([DA]_e). Since the effect of the more commenly used anesthetic, halothane, on this system is unknown, we determined [DA]_e by microdialysis in the striatum of rats, conscious or anesthetized with halothane, in the presence of the more selective DA uptake inhibitor, vanoxerine (GBR 12909), or the DA releaser, d-amphetamine. Basal [DA]_e was not changed by halothane. However, in halothane-anesthetized rats, the vanoxerine (3 mg/kg i.v.)-induced DA response increased severalfold compared to the response in conscious rats. The initial peak response to d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg i.v.) did not change, but the late response (1–3 h after injection) was augmented in anesthetized rats. Halothane is believed to increase firing of DA neurons in the substantia nigra and, hence, to release striatal DA. We hypothesize that [DA]_e, is maintained at a normal level during the increased firing by equally increased activity of the DA transporter. However, when the DA transporter is blocked by vanoxerine, the increased DA release is unimpaired and [DA]_e rises.