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The primary visual system of flatfish: an evolutionary perspective

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Summary

The retinal projections of two species of flatfish (Scophthalmus maximus, Scophthalmidae; Platichthys flesus, Pleuronectidae) were investigated by autoradiography and by a HRP technique. Contralateral projections to five hypothalamic centres (area optica preoptica ventralis, nucleus opticus preopticus parvocellularis posterior pars lateralis, n. suprachiasmaticus, n. opticus hypothalami ventromedialis and area optica hypothalami posterior), thirteen thalamo-pretectal centres (nucleus opticus dorsolateralis (partes medialis, ventralis and lateralis), n. opticus ventrolateralis, n. opticus commissurae posterioris (partes dorsalis and ventralis), n. opticus accessorius, n. geniculatus lateralis mesencephali, nn. opticus pretectalis dorsalis, medialis and ventralis and n. corticalis), three layers of the optic tectum (stratum opticum pars externa, stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale, stratum album centrale), and a single target in the tegmentum (n. opticus tegmenti mesencephali dorsalis), were identified in both species. Interspecific variation of the contralateral visual projections is relatively small. Ipsilateral visual projections of fibres which recross the midline in the minor and transverse commissures were also identified; in S. maximus this ipsilateral contingent is poorly developed and concerns principally hypothalamic structures, while in P. flesus the ipsilateral projections are considerably more extensive and involve both hypothalamic and thalamo-pretectal primary visual centres. No differences in the projections from the fixed and from the migrated eye were observed in either species. The findings are discussed in the general context of the existing literature on the visual projections of teleosts, in an attempt to characterize the primary visual system of the Pleuronectiformes in an evolutionary context.

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Abbreviations

AOHp:

Area optica hypothalami posterior

AOPv:

Area optica preoptica ventralis

CER:

Cerebellum

Com. H:

Commissura horizontalis

Com. M:

Commissura minor

Com. T:

Commissura transversalis

Cp:

Commissura posterioris

FDtro:

Fasciculus dorsalis tractus optici

FHtro:

Fasciculus hypothalami tractus optici

FOCM:

Fasciculus opticus commissurae minor

FOCT:

Fasciculus opticus commissurae transversalis

FOHpv:

Fasciculus opticus hypothalami posterior pars ventralis

FVLtro:

Fasciculus ventrolateralis tractus optici

FVLtroi:

Fasciculus ventrolateralis optici ipsilateralis

FVMtro:

Fasciculus ventromedialis tractus optici

FVMtroi:

Fasciculus ventromedialis tractus optici ipsilateralis

FVtro:

Fasciculus ventralis tractus optici

Hyp:

Hypophysis cerebri

IS:

Interlobular sulcus

LO:

Lobus opticus

LOd:

Lobus opticus dorsalis

LOv:

Lobus opticus ventralis

LON:

left optic nerve

NC:

Nucleus corticalis

NDLi:

Nucleus diffusus lobi inferioris

NDM:

Nucleus dorsomedialis

NE:

Nucleus entopeduncularis

NG:

Nucleus glomerulosus

NGL:

Nucleus geniculatus lateralis

NGLM:

Nucleus geniculatus lateralis mesencephali

NOA:

Nucleus opticus accessorius

NOCPpd:

Nucleus opticus commissurae posterions pars dorsalis

NOCPpv:

Nucleus opticus commissurae posterioris pars ventralis

NODL:

Nucleus opticus dorsolateralis

NODLpl:

Nucleus opticus dorsolateralis pars lateralis

NODLpm:

Nucleus opticus dorsolateralis pars medialis

NODLpv:

Nucleus opticus dorsolateralis pars ventralis

NOHvl:

Nucleus opticus hypothalamicus ventrolateralis

NOPd:

Nucleus opticus pretectalis dorsalis

NOPL:

Nucleus opticus pretectalis lateralis

NOPm:

Nucleus opticus pretectalis medialis

NOPPpl:

Nucleus opticus preopticus parvocellularis posterior pars lateralis

NOPv:

Nucleus opticus pretectalis ventralis

NOTMd:

Nucleus opticus tegmenti mesencephali dorsalis

NOTMdl:

Nucleus opticus tegmenti mesencephali dorsalis pars lateralis

NOTMdm:

Nucleus opticus tegmenti mesencephali dorsalis pars medialis

NOVL:

Nucleus opticus ventrolateralis

NPG:

Nucleus preglomerulosus

NPMg:

Nucleus preopticus magnocellularis

NPP:

Nucleus preopticus parvocellularis posterior

NPPa:

Nucleus preopticus parvocellularis anterior

NPs:

Nucleus pretectalis superficialis

NRL:

Nucleus recessus lateralis

NSC:

Nucleus suprachiasmaticus

NVM:

Nucleus ventromedialis

RON:

right optic nerve

sac:

stratum album centrale

sfgs:

stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale

sfpv:

stratum fibrosum periventriculare

sgc:

stratum griseum centrale

sgpv:

stratum griseum periventriculare

sm:

stratum marginale

soe:

stratum opticum pars externa

soi:

stratum opticum pars interna

SV:

saccus vascularis

Tel:

telencephalon

TL:

Torus longitudinalis

TM:

Tegmentum mesencephali

TO:

Tectum opticum

TROA:

Tractus opticus accessorius

TROdm:

Tractus opticus dorsomedialis

TROdmd:

Tractus opticus dorsomedialis dorsalis

TROdme:

Tractus opticus dorsomedialis pars externa

TROdmi:

Tractus opticus dorsomedialis pars interna

TROdmv:

Tractus opticus dorsomedialis ventralis

TROdmvd:

Tractus opticus dorsomedialis ventralis pars dorsalis

TROdmvv:

Tractus opticus dorsomedialis ventralis pars ventralis

TROM:

Tractus opticus marginalis

TROvl:

Tractus opticus ventrolateralis

TROvld:

Tractus opticus ventrolateralis dorsalis

TROvle:

Tractus opticus ventrolateralis pars externa

TROvli:

Tractus opticus ventrolateralis pars interna

TROvldd:

Tractus opticus ventrolateralis dorsalis pars dorsalis

TROvldv:

Tractus opticus ventrolateralis dorsalis pars ventralis

TROvlv:

Tractus opticus ventrolateralis pars ventralis

TS:

Torus semicircularis

v:

ventricle

VC:

Valvula cerebelli

I:

Nervus olfactorius

II:

Nervus opticus

V:

Nervus trigeminus

VII:

Nervus facialis

VIII:

Nervus octavolateralis

IX:

Nervus glossopharyngeus

X:

Nervus vagus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. URA 1137, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Comparée, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France

    M. Medina

  2. J.E. DRED, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Comparée, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005, Paris, France

    J. Repérant, R. Ward & M. Lemire

  3. INSERM U-106 Neuromorphologie: Développement et Evolution, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France

    J. Repérant & J. P. Rio

  4. Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie Expérimentale et Comparée, U.Q.T.R., Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada

    R. Ward

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Medina, M., Repérant, J., Ward, R. et al. The primary visual system of flatfish: an evolutionary perspective. Anat Embryol 187, 167–191 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00171749

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