Abstract
Using Hα observations made at the Astronomical Observatory of Wroclaw University, and 3.5–5.5 keV X-ray data from the Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer on board the Solar Maximum Mission, sites of solar X-ray emission are identified which are associated with active Hα features, such as prominences, sprays and surges. The X-ray emission is found to be highly localized within the active (Hα) structures. For example, in the prominences examined, 3.5–5.5 keV X-rays were found only in compact sites near the feet of the prominences. Models predicting that, during the active phase of these structures, the energy release should be evenly distributed along the structure are clearly brought into question. It is argued that these X-ray sites are indicative of the cause of the expulsion and transport of chromospheric material. Models which satisfy these observations are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Harrison, R. A.: 1986, Astron. Astrophys. 162, 283.
Harrison, R. A.: 1987, in M. A. Shea and D. F. Smart (eds.), STIP Symp. on Retrospective Analyses.
Harrison, R. A., Simnett, G. M., Hoyng, P., LaFleur, H., and van Beek, H. F.: 1984, in M. A. Shea et al. (eds.), STIP Symp. on Solar/Interplanetary Intervals, p. 287.
Hoyng, P., Machado, M. E., Duijveman, A., Boelee, A., de Jager, C., Fryer, R. J., Galama, M., Hoekstra, R., Imhof, J. P., LaFleur, H., Maseland, H. V. A. M., Mels, W. A., Schadee, A., Schrijver, J., Simnett, G. M., Švestka, Z., van Beek, H. F., Van Tend, W., ven der Laanm J. J. M., van Rens, P., Werkhoven, F., Willmore, A. P., Wilson, J. W. G., and Zandee, W.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 246, L155.
Kopp, R. A. and Pneuman, G. W.: 1976, Solar Phys. 50, 85.
Moore, R., McKenzie, D. L., Švestka, Z., Widing, K. G., Antiochos, S. K., Dere, K. P., Dodson-Prince, H.W., Hiei, E., Krall, K. R., Krieger, A. S., Mason, H. E., Petrasso, R. D., Pneuman, G. W., Silk, J. K., Vorpahl, J. A., and Withbroe, G. L.: 1980, in P. A. Sturrock (ed.), Solar Flares, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, p. 341.
Rompolt, B. and Kane, S. R.: 1986, private communication.
Rust, D. M. and Webb, D. F.: 1977, Solar Phys. 54, 403.
Rust, D. M., Hildner, E., Dryer, M., Hansen, R. T., McClymont, A. N, McKennaLawlor, S. M. P., McLean, D. J., Schmahl, E. J., Steinolfson, R. S., Tandberg-Hanssen, E., Tousey, R., Webb, D. F., and Wu, S. T.: 1980, in P. A. Sturrock (ed.), Solar Flares, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, p. 273.
Rust, D. M., Nakagawa, Y., and Neupert, W. M.: 1975, Solar Phys. 41, 397.
Sakurai, T.: 1976, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 28, 177.
Schadee, A., de Jager, C. and Švestka, Z.: 1983, Solar Phys. 89, 287.
Simnett, G. M., Harrison, R. A., Hoyng, P., and van Beek, H. F.: 1984, in M. A. Shea et al. (eds.), STIP Symp. on Solar/Interplanetary Intervals, p. 273.
Sturrock, P. A.: 1980, Solar Flares, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder.
Švestka, Z., Stewart, R. T., Hoyng, P., Van Tend, W., Acton, L. W., Gabriel, A. H., Rapley, C. G. Boelee, A., Bruner, E. C., de Jager, C., LaFleur, H., Nelson, G., Simnett, G. M., van Beek, H. G., and Wagner W. J.: 1982, Solar Phys. 75, 305.
Tandberg-Hanssen, E.: 1974, Solar Prominences, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.
van Beek, H. F., Hoyng, P., Lafleur, H., and Simnett, G. M.: 1980, Solar Phys. 65, 39.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was started during a visit to the High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, U.S.A. (NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Harrison, R.A., Rompolt, B. & Garczynska, I. X-ray emission associated with solar prominences, sprays and surges. Sol Phys 116, 61–82 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00171715
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00171715