Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On ionospheric investigations by coherent radiowaves emitted from artificial Earth satellites

  • Published:
Space Science Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Results of radio-investigations of the ionosphere with the help of coherent radiowaves emitted by beacons placed on artificial Earth satellites are given. The data discussed cover the period from 1958, after the launch of Sputniks 1 and 3, until the last years, when the geostationary satellites ATS were launched. It is shown that up to the present justice has not be done in these experiments to investigations of the local properties of the near Earth plasma. This is a great deficiency in this field of investigation. Data are given which illustrate results of investigations of local ionospheric characteristics. Such data may help to solve some problems in the present stage of the near Earth plasma study. A new possibility of radio-investigation of the near Earth plasma with the help of a chain of satellites connected together is pointed out.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aitchison, G. J., Thomson, T. H., and Weekes, K.: 1958, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys., 14, 244.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aitchison, G. J. and Weekes, K.: 1959, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 14, 236.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Almeida, O. G., Waldmann, H., and Da Rosa, A. V.: 1972, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 34, 713.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Al'pert, Ja. L.: 1958, Usp. Fiz. Nauk UFN, (in Russian) 64, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Al'pert, Ja. L., Dobrjakova, F. F., Čudesenko, E. F., and Šapiro, B. S.: 1958, Doklady AN 120, 743 see also: 1958, UFN 65, 161.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Al'pert, Ja. L.: 1961, Soviet Phys. Usf., 479, January–February.

  7. Al'pert, Ja. L.: 1960, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 71, 369.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Al'pert, Ja. L., Beljanskj, V. B., and Mitjakov, N. A.: 1963, Geomag. Aeron. (in Russian) 3, 10.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Al'pert, Ja. L.: 1963, Geomag. Aeron. (in Russian) 3, 626; 1964, 4, 479; 1965, 5, 766; 1965, Space. Sci. Rev. 4, 5.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Al'pert, Ja. L. and Sinel'nikov, V. M.: 1965, Geomag. Aeron. (in Russian) 5, 209; 1966, Planetary Space. Sci. 14, 313.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Al'pert, Ja. L.: 1966, Usp. Fiz. Nauk (in Russian) 90, 405.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Al'pert, Ja. L., Vitšas, L. N., and Sinel'nikov, V. M.: 1965, Geomag. Aeron. (in Russian) 5, 649.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Al'pert, Ja. L.: 1968, Usp. Issl. Kosm. Prostranstva, Nauka (in Russian), Moscow, pp. 71–105.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Al'pert, Ja. L. and Sinel'nikov, V. M.: 1969, Geomag. Aeron. (in Russian) 9, 407; 1969, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 31, 641; 1971, 33, 1779.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Al'pert, Ja. L. and Sinel'nikov, gnV. M.: 1971, Report, Interkosmos Symposium (in Russian), Sofia.

  16. Al'pert, Ja. L. and Vitšas, L. N.: 1971, Report, Interkosmos Symposium (in Russian), Sofia.

  17. Al'pert, Ja. L. and Borisova, G. N.: 1971, Report, Interkosmos Symposium (in Russian), Sofia.

  18. Al'pert, Ja. L. and Vitšas, L. N.: 1973, Kosm. Issl. (in Russian) 11, 890.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Al'pert, Ja. L.: 1973, Radiowave Propagation and the Ionosphere, Consultants Bureau, New York-London.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Al'pert, Ja. L.: 1974, Waves and Satellites in the Near-Earth Plasma, Consultants Bureau, New York-London.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bauer, S. I. and Daniels, B. F.: 1959, J. Geophys. Res. 64, 1371.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Blumle, L. J.: 1962, Geophys. Res. 67, 4601.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Blumle, L. J. and Ross, W. J.: 1962, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 896.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Borisova, G. N.: 1974, Geomagn. Aeron. 14.

  25. Bowhill, S. A.: 1958, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 13, 175.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bowles, K. L.: 1963, Nat. Bur. Stand. Techn. Note. 169.

  27. Burgess, B.: 1962, Ionospheric Studies Using Satellite Radio Transmissions, Pergamon Press, p. 224.

  28. Čedilina, E. E.: 1962, Geomagn. Aeron. (in Russian) 2, 865.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Čedilina, E. E. and Harybina, A. A.: 1964, Geomagn. Aeron. (in Russian) 4, 503.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Čedilina, E. E. and Harybina, A. A.: 1964, Geomagn. Aeron. (in Russian) 4, 584.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Checcaci, P. F.: 1966, Radio Sci., Sec. D 1, 1154.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Checcaci, P. F. and Giorgio, M. T.: 1966, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 28, 113.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Da Rosa, A. V. and Garriott, O. K.: 1959, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 6386.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Da Rosa, A. V.: 1970, Proc. Symp. Sat. Beacon. Exp. Lindau/Harz, p. 8.1.

  35. Da Rosa, A. V.: 1971, Stanford Electr. Lab. Research Grant G. A. 26101.

  36. Da Rosa, A. V., Waldmann, H., Bendito, J., and Garriott, O. K.: 1973, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 35, 1429.

    Google Scholar 

  37. De Meudonça, F. and Garriott, O. K.: 1962, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 24, 317.

    Google Scholar 

  38. De Mendonça, F. and Garriott, O. K.: 1962, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 2062.

    Google Scholar 

  39. De Mendonça, F.: 1962, Geophys. Res. 67, 2315.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Davies, K., Fritz, F. B., and Grubb, R. N.: 1972, J. Envir. Sci. (March/April), 31.

  41. Davis, M. J. and Da Rosa, A. V.: 1969, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 5721.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Davis, M. J.: 1973, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 35, 929.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Dieminger, W., Hartmann, G. K., and Schmidt, G.: 1969, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 31, 1287.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Dulk, G. A.: 1963, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 6391.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Dyce, R. B.: 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 2617.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ebel, A., Hartmann, G., Leitinger, R., Schmidt, G., and Schödel, J. P.: 1969, Z. Geophys. 35, 373.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Ebel, A.: 1970, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 32, 1649; 1971, Mitt. Inst. Geophys. Met. Köln, No. 17.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ebel, A.: 1972, Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik. 81, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Evans, I. K.: 1957, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 11, 259.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Essex, E. A.: 1972, Proc. Symp. Beacon Exp., Graz. p. 41.

  51. Fremouw, E. J. and Bates, H. F.: 1971, Radio Sci. 6, No. 10.

  52. Fremouw, E. J. and Rino, C. L.: 1972, Proc. Symp. Craz,p. 151.

  53. Garriott, O. K.: 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 1151.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Garriott, O. K. and Little, C. G.: 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 2025.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Garriott, O. K.: 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 1139.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Garriott, O. K. and Nichol, A. W.: 1961, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 22, 50.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Garriott, O. K. and De Mendonça, F.: 1963, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 4917.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Garriott, O. K., Smith, III, F. L. and Yhen, P. K.: 1965, Planetary Space Sci. 13, 829.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Garriott, O. K. and Smith, F. L.: 1965, Planetary Space Sci. 13, 839.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Garriott, O. K., Da Rosa, A. V., Davis, M. J., and Villard, O. G.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 6099.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Garriott, O. K. and Da Rosa, A. V.: 1969, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 6386.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Garriott, O. K., Da Rosa, A. V., and Ross, W. J.: 1970, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 32, 705.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Georges, T. M. and Hooke, W. H.: 1970, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 6295.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Golten, E. A.: 1962, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 24, 554.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Hartmann, G., Oberländer, K., Schmidt, G., and Schödel, J. P.: 1972, Mitt. Max-Plank-Institut Aeron., No. 48.

  66. Hibberd, F. H.: 1958, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 12, 338.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hibberd, F. H. and Thomas, J. A.: 1959, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 14, 376.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Hibberd, F. H. and Ross, W. J.: 1966, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 2243; 1967, 72, 5331.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Hooke, W. H.: 1970, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5535.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Houminer, Z.: 1966, Israel J. Tech. 4, 63.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Hughes, L. R.: 1966, Radio Sci., Sec. D 1, 1171.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Kelso, I. M.: 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 3909.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kelso, I. M.: 1961, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 1107.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Kent, S. A.: 1959, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 16, 10.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Klobuchar, J. A. and Whithey, H. E.: 1966, Radio Sci., Sec. D 1, 1149.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Kochler, R. L.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 4883.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Leitinger, R., Schmidt, G., and Tauriainen, A.: 1972, Calibration of ATS-F Measurement with NSSS-D. Combining the Registrations of Two Stations, Document.

  78. Liszka, L.: 1966, Radio Sci., Sec. D 1, 1135.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Liszka, L.: 1967, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 29, 1243.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Little, C. G. and Lawrence, R. S.: 1960, J. Res. NBS 64D, 335.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Mass, J.: 1964, Israel J. Techn. 2, 21; 1966, Radio Sci., Sec. D 1, 1137.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Mass, J. and Houminer, Z.: 1967, J. Geophys. Res. 72, 4940.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Merill, R. G., Lawrence, R. S., and Roper, N. J.: 1963, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 5433.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Misjura, V. A., Solodovnikov, G. K., and Migunov, V. M.: 1965, Kosm. Issl. (in Russian) 3, 595.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Misjura, V. A., Solodovnikov, G. K., and Migunov, V. M.: 1965, Geomag. Aeron. (in Russian) 5. 1124.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Misjura, V. A., Solodovnikov, G. K., and Migunov, V. M.: 1966, Geomagn. Aeron. (in Russian) 6. 852.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Misjura, V. A., Solodovnikov, G. K., and Migunov, V. M.: 1967, Geomagn. Aeron. (in Russian) 1, 287.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Mitjakova, E. E., Mitjakov, N. A., and Rapoport, V. O.: 1960, Radiofizika (in Russian), 3, 949.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Mitjakov, N. A., Mitjakova, E. E., and Čerepovickij, V. A.: 1963, Geomagn. Aeron. (in Russian) 3, 816.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Mitjakov, N. A. and Mitjakova, E. E.: 1963, Geomag. Aeron. (in Russian) 3, 857.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Mitjakova, E. E.: 1964, Geomag. Aeron. (in Russian) 4, 668.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Mitjakov, N. A., Mitjakova, E. E., and Čerepovickij, V. A.: 1966, Kosm. Issl. (in Russian) 4, 2, 249.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Munro, G. H.: 1963, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1851.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Münther, C.: 1966, Radio Sci., Sec. D 1, 1141.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Nakata, Y.: 1966, Radio Sci., Sec. D 1, 1145.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Nakata, Y., Kan, K., and Nemugaki, R.: 1970, Poc. Symp. Lindau/Harz, p. 21.

  97. Obayashi, T.: 1965, Rep. Ion. Space, Res. Japan 9, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Olatunji, E. O.: 1967, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 29, 267.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Olatunji, E. O.: 1967, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 29, 277.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Pineo, V. C. and Hynek, D.: 1962, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Proc. Symp. Future Sat. Beacon Meas. Graz: June 1972, pp. 65, 87, 103, 115, 129, 243, 261, 278.

  102. Rastogi, R. G. and Sharma, R. P.: 1970, Proc. Symp. Lindau/Harz p. 26–1.

  103. Rawer, K.: 1964, Space Sci. Rev. 3, 381.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Roger, R. S.: 1964, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 26, 475, 499.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Ross, W. J. 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 2601.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Ross, W. J. 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 2607.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Ross, W. J. 1965, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 597.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Ross, W. J., Garriott, O. K., De Mendonça, F., and Da Rosa, A. V.:1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 1102.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Sayers, J., Rothwell, P., and Wager, J. H.: 1962, Nature 195, 4, 847, 1143.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Schödel, J. P. and Münch, J. W.: 1972, Z. Geophys. 38, 169.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Schödel, J. P.: 1966, Archiv. Elektr. Ubertr. 20, 353.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Sinel'nikov, V. M.: 1968, Kosm. Issl. (in Russian) 6, 316.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Sinel'nikov. V. M.: 1974, Caspar Proceedings, Moscow, 1.

  114. Sinel'nikov, V. M.: 1974, Caspar Proceedings, Moscow, 2.

  115. Singelton, D.G. and Lynch, G. J.: 1962, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 24, 353, 363; 1961 Nature 189, 30.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Sagalin, M. C. and Smiddy, M.: 1965, preprint.

  117. Smith, III, F. L.: 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 7385.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Smith, R. L.: 1961, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 3710.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Smith, D. H.: 1970, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 823.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Smith, D. H.: 1972, Proc. Symp. Graz. p. 87.

  121. Snyder, C. W.: 1967, Science 58, 1665.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Somayajulu, Y, Chopra, S. K., and Tyagi, T. R.: 1972, Proc. Symp. Graz, p. 271.

  123. Stelzried, C. T.: 1970, Proc. Symp. Lindau/Harz, p. 31–1.

  124. Tauriainen, A.: 1972, Proc. Symp. Graz, p. 213.

  125. Tyagi, T. R. and Somayajulu, Y. V.: 1966, Radio Sci., Sec. D 1, 1125.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Titheridge, J. E. 1963, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 3399.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Titheridge, J. E. and Andrews, M. K.: 1967, Planetary Space Sci. 15, 1157.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Titheridge, J. E. 1966, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 28, 1135.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Titheridge, J. E. and Stuart, G. F.: 1968, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 30, 85.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Titheridge, J. E. 1968, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 30, 1857.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Titheridge, J. E. 1968, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 243.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Titheridge, J. E. 1969, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 1195.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Titheridge, J. E. 1971, Planetary Space. Sci. 19, 1593.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Titheridge, J. E. 1972, Proc. Symp. Graz., p. 65.

  135. Weekes, K.: 1958, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 12, 335.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Wernik, A. W. and Liszka, L.: 1968, Arkiv Geophys. 5, 501.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Yeh, K. C.: 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 2548.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Yeh, K. C. and Gonzalez, V. H.: 1960, J. Geophys. Res. 65, 3709.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Yeh, K. C. and Swenson, G. W.: 1959, J. Geophys. Res. 64, 2281.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Yeh, K. C. and Swenson, G.: 1961, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 1061.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Yeh, K. C. and Swenson, G.: 1964, Radio Sci. 68D, 881.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Yhen, P. C. and Roelofs, T. H.: 1967, J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 29, 321.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Yheboah-Amankwah, D. and Koster, J. R.: 1972, Planetary Space Sci. 20, 395.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., IZMIRAN, Moscow, U.S.S.R.

    Ja. L. Al'pert

Authors
  1. Ja. L. Al'pert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Al'pert, J.L. On ionospheric investigations by coherent radiowaves emitted from artificial Earth satellites. Space Sci Rev 18, 551–602 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00169518

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00169518

Keywords

Search

Navigation