Summary
Mast cell degranulation results in the release of serine class proteinases with trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like specificity. While looking for natural protein inhibitors of these enzymes, we studied their reactions with the double-headed Kunitz-type inhibitor, bikunin, and the human bronchial secretion inhibitor (BSI), which are the only known low-molecular-mass proteinase inhibitors of the human respiratory tract. Both trypsin and chymotrypsin can be inhibited by these inhibitors. However, human BSI is unable to inhibit human tryptase and is the physiological counterpart of chymase in the upper respiratory tract. Human bikunin is unable to inhibit human chymase and human tryptase. Furthermore, human tryptase is also not inhibited by a fragment that consists only of the trypsin-specific C-terminal inhibitor domain of human bikunin. This finding contradicts reports that claim the occurrence of a tryptase-specific proteinase inhibitor in rat mast cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albrecht G, Hochstrasser K, Salier JP (1983) Elastase inhibition by the inter-α-trypsin inhibitor and derived inhibitors of man and cattle. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 364:1703–1708
Alter SC, Schwartz LB (1989) Effect of histamine and divalent cations on the activity and stability of tryptase from human mast cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 991:426–430
Alter SC, Kramps JA, Janoff A, Schwartz LB (1990) Interactions of human mast cell tryptase with biological protease inhibitors. Arch Biochem Biophys 276:26–31
Braganza VJ, Simmons WH (1991) Tryptase from rat skin: purification and properties. Biochemistry 30:4997–5007
Castells M, Schwartz LB (1988) Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid as an indicator of immediate allergic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 82:348–355
Chase T Jr, Shaw E (1967) p-Nitrophenyl-p′-guanidinobenzoate HCI: a new active site titrant for trypsin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 29:508–514
Creticos PS, Adkinson NF, Kagey-Sobotka A, Proud D, Meier HL, Naclerio RM, Lichtenstein LM, Norman PS (1985) Nasal challenge with ragweed pollen in hay fever patients. J Clin Invest 76:2247–2253
Enghild JJ, Salvesen G, Hefta SA, Thøgersen IB, Rutherfurd S, Pizzo SV (1991) Chondroitin 4-sulfate covalently cross-links the chains of the human blood protein pre-α-inhibitor. J Biol Chem 266:747–751
Fink E, Nettelbeck R, Fritz H (1986) Inhibition of mast cell chymase by eglin c and antileukoprotease (HUSI-1). Indications for potential biological functions of these inhibitors. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 367:567–571
Fritz H, Trautschold I, Werle E (1970) Protease-Inhibitoren. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse I. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp 1021–1038
Gebhard W, Schreitmüller T, Hochstrasser K, Wachter E (1989) Two out of the three kinds of subunits of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor are structurally related. Eur J Biochem 181:571–576
Gebhard W, Hochstrasser K, Fritz H, Enghild JJ, Pizzo SV, Salvesen G (1990) Structure of inter-α-inhibitor (inter-α-trypsin inhibitor) and pre-α-inhibitor: current state and propositon of a new terminology. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 371:13–22
Gebhard W, Fink E, Vetr H, Eulitz M, Hochstrasser K (1992) Evidence that rat mast cell trypstatin originates from plasma bikunin. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 373:768–769
Harvima IT, Schechter NM, Harvima RJ, Fräki JE (1988) Human skin tryptase: purification, partial characterization and comparison with human lung tryptase. Biochim Biophys Acta 957:71–80
Heinzel R, Appelhans H, Gassen HG, Seemüller U, Arnhold M, Fritz H, Lottspeich F, Wiedemann K, Machleidt W (1987) The neutrophil elastase-cathepsin G inhibitor of human tissues and secretions: complete primary structure as revealed by protein and DNA sequencing. In: Taylor JC, Mittman C (eds) Pulmonary emphysema and proteolysis. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 297–306
Hochstrasser K, Reichert R, Schwarz S, Werle E (1972) Isolierung und Charakterisierung eines Proteasen-inhibitors aus menschlichem Bronchialsekret. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 353:221–226
Hochstrasser K, Naumann R, Wachter E (1987) Inhibitograms of leucoproteinase inhibitors in human respiratory tract. In: Taylor JC, Mittman C (eds) Pulmonary emphysema and proteolysis. Academic Press, New York, pp 331–339
Kido H, Fukusen N, Katunuma N (1985) Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-type serine proteases in rat mast cells: properties and functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 239:436–443
Kido H, Yokogoshi Y, Katunuma N (1988) Kunitz-type protease inhibitor found in rat mast cells. J Biol Chem 263:18104–18107
Naclerio RM, Meier HL, Kagey-Sobotka A, Adkinson NF Jr, Meyers DA, Norman PS, Lichtenstein LM (1983) Mediator release after nasal airway challenge with allergen. Am Rev Respir Dis 128:597–602
Ohlsson K, Rosengen M, Stetler G, Brewer M, Hale KK, Thompson RC (1987) Structure, genomic organization and tissue distribution of the secretory leucocyte-protease inhibitor (SPLI): a potent inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. In: Taylor JC, Mittman C (eds) Pulmonary emphysema and proteolysis. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 307–322
Salier JP, Martin JP, Lambin P, McPhee H, Hochstrasser K (1980) Purification of the human serum inter-α-trypsin inhibitor by zinc chelate and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. Anal Biochem 109:273–283
Schechter NM, Choi JK, Slavin DA, Deresienski DT, Sayama S, Dong G, Lavker RM, Proud D, Lazarus GS (1986) Identification of a chymotrypsin-like proteinase in human mast cells. J Immunol 137:962–970
Schoenberger ÖL. Sprows JL, Schechter NM, Cooperman BIS, Rubin H (1989) Limited proteolysis of C1-inhibitor by chymotrypsin-like proteinases. FEBS Lett 259:165–167
Schwartz LB, Lewis RA, Austen KF (1981) Tryptase from human pulmonary mast cells. Purification and characterization. J Biol Chem 256:11939–11943
Vetr H, Gebhard W (1990) Structure of the human α1-microglobulin-bikunin gene. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 371:1185–1196
Wachter E, Hochstrasser K (1979) Sequence of the two Kunitz-type domains inside the native inter-α-trypsin inhibitor, its biological aspects and also of its cleveage products. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 360:1305–1311
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hochstrasser, K., Gebhard, W., Albrecht, G. et al. Interaction of human mast cell tryptase and chymase with low-molecular-mass serine proteinase inhibitors from the human respiratory tract. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 249, 455–458 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168853
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168853