Abstract
This paper examines attempts by planners and policy makers to analyze and bring about the coordination of rail and bus transit in the San Francisco Bay Area. Drawing on studies and plans before and after the creation of the rapid rail system BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit), the author points to technical, analytical and political problems in attempts to link BART and buses. Some options and cautions are presented for planners considering route coordination, feeder buses, transfers and institutional arrangements to manage bus and rail services.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Booz, Allen and Hamilton, Inc. (1977). The Impact of BART on Local Transit Service and Financial Policy, Document No. DOT-BIP-WP 42–8–77. Berkeley: Metropolitan Transportation Commission, September.
DeLeuw, Cather and Co. (1971). Contra Costa County Transportation Needs Study, December.
Homburger, W. S. and Vuckic, V. R. (1970). “Federation of transit agencies as a solution for service integration,” Traffic Quarterly, July.
Keeler, Theodore E., Merewitz, L. A., and Fisher, Peter M. (1975). The Full Costs of Urban Transport. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of Urban and Regional Development.
McDonald and Smart, Inc. (1975). A History of Key Decisions in the Development of Bay Area Rapid Transit, FR 3–14–75. Berkeley: Metropolitan Transportation Commission, August, p. 31.
Morshed, M. Mehdi (1976). Inventory of Transportation Facilities and Equipment. State Transportation Plan. State Transportation Board, April, Table 17.
Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co. (1977). BART Impacts on Highway Traffic and Transit Ridership. Berkeley: Metropolitan Transportation Commission, May.
Pratt, Richard A. (1971). “Impacts of rail on bus operations,” Transportation Engineering Journal of ASCE 97, No. TE1.
Quinby, Henry (1966). Rapid transit feeder systems. San Francisco: Proceedings, National Transportation Symposium, May.
Regional Plan Association (1976). Where Transit Works: Urban Densities for Public Transportation. New York: Regional Plan Association, Regional Plan News, No. 99, August.
Simpson and Curtin (1967). Coordinated Transit for the San Francisco Bay Area — Now to 1975. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service, October, pp. 135, 201–202.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Higgins, T.J. Coordinating buses and rapid rail in the San Francisco Bay Area: The case of Bay Area Rapid Transit. Transportation 10, 357–371 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00167936
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00167936