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The effect of triethylene melamine on DNA synthesis and mitosis in the lens epithelium

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Summary

The effect of a single intravenous injection of Triethylene-melamine (1 or 2 mg/kg) on cell proliferation was studied in the lens epithelium of young rats. It was shown that TEM probably acts on cells in the G2 period to transiently inhibit mitosis. The most striking effect is a slowing of the rate of DNA synthesis. The resulting prolongation of the S period contributes to the suppression of mitosis. The occurrence of nuclear disintegration during the time of mitotic overshoot, particularly in the higher dose group, demonstrates that the damage is lethal to some of the cells. The action of TEM on phases of the cell cycle differs from that known to follow the use of other alkylating agents or X-irradiation.

Résumé

L'effet d'une seule injection intraveineuse de Triéthylènemélamine (1 ou 2 mg/kg) sur la prolifération cellulaire de Pépithélium du cristallin a été etudié dans des jeunes rats. Il en a été conclu, que le TEM agit probablement sur les cellules pendant la période G2 en inhibant passagèrement la mitose. L'effet le plus prononcé est une vitesse ralentie de la synthèse du ADN. La prolongation de la période S, qui en résulte, contribue à la suppression de la mitose. Ce fait d'une désintégration nucléaire pendant le temps d'une activité mitotique dépassante, trouvé particulièrement dans la groupe de 2 mg TEM/kg, démontre que le dommage est fatal à quelques-unes des cellules. Le mode d'action du TEM sur les phases du cycle cellulaire diffère de celui qui résulte d'une application d'autres agents alkylants ou d'une irradiation par des rayons X.

Zusammenfassung

Die Wirkung einer einmaligen intravenösen Gabe von 1 oder 2 mg Triäthylenmelamin pro kg Körpergewicht auf die Zellproliferation wurde am Linsenepithel junger Ratten untersucht. TEM schädigt die Zellen in der G2 Phase und verhindert vorübergehend die Zellteilung. Der auffallendste Effekt besteht jedoch in der Verlangsamung der H3-Thymidin Einbaurate. Die dadurch verursachte Verlängerung der DNS Verdopplungsperiode trägt zur Unterdrückung der Mitosetätigkeit bei. Der Kernzerfall, wie er während der der Mitosehemmung folgenden übersteigerten Zellteilung sichtbar ist, spricht für die gelegentliche lethale Wirkung der Droge. Der Wirkungsmechanismus von TEM in den verschiedenen Phasen des Lebenzyklus der Zelle unterscheidet sich demnach von der bekannten Wirkungsart anderer alkylierender Substanzen wie auch der von Röntgenstrahlen.

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Ophthalmology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Bethesda, Maryland 20014.

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Von Sallmann, L., Grimes, P. The effect of triethylene melamine on DNA synthesis and mitosis in the lens epithelium. Doc Ophthalmol 20, 1–12 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00165400

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