Abstract
A follow-up over a period of 1–4.7 years was done on nine patients between the ages of 9–16 years, who had a combination of accommodation and convergence insufficiency without any known history of head trauma, febrile illness or drug use. The initial examinations disclosed exophoria and/or exotropia in near fixation, markedly low amplitudes of accommodation in both eyes, and remote near points of convergence in all patients. There was no correlation between the severity of convergence insufficiency and that of accommodative insufficiency. The extent of convergence insufficiency remained unchanged except for one patient who had a gradual and complete recovery and two other patients who underwent resection of both medial rectus muscles. The amplitude of accommodation recovered in varying degrees in six patients, while it decreased further in two other patients during the follow-up period. On initial examination, these two patients had the most remote near point of convergence (20 cm) and the lowest accommodative amplitude (less than 2 D) in common.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bando T, Yamamoto N, Tsukahara N (1984) Cortical neurons related to lens accommodation in posterior lateral suprasylvian area in cats. J Neurophysiol 52:879–891
Cumming BG, Judge SJ (1986) Disparity-induced and blur-induced convergence eye movement and accommodation in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 55:896–914
Duane A (1916) Anomalies of the accommodation, clinically considered. Arch Ophthalmol 45:124–136
Duane A (1922) Studies in monocular and binocular accommodation with their clinical applications. Am J Ophthalmol 5:865–877
Duane A (1925) Subnormal accommodation. Arch Ophthalmol 54:566–587
Fukuda M, Hamada Y, Maruo T (1962) Accommodation-age relation of Japanese. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 66:181–188
Jampel RS (1960) Convergence, divergence, pupillary reactions and accommodation of the eyes from faradic stimulation of the macaque brain. J Comp Neurol 115:371–399
Judge SJ, Cumming BG (1986) Neurons in the monkey mid-brain with activity related to vergence eye movement and accommodation. J Neurophysiol 55:915–930
Miles FA (1985) Adaptive regulation in the vergence and accommodation control systems. In: Berthoz A, Jones GM (eds) Reviews of oculomotor research, vol 1. Adaptive mechanisms in gaze control: facts and theories. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp 81–94
Noorden GK von (1976) Resection of both medial rectus muscles in organic convergence insufficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 81:223–226
Noorden GK von (1990) The near vision complex. In: Binocular vision and ocular motility: theory and management of strabismus, 4th edn. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 85–100
Noorden GK von, Brown DJ, Parks M (1973) Associated convergence and accommodative insufficiency. Doc Ophthalmol 34:393–403
Ohtsuka K, Maekawa H, Takeda M, Uede N, Chiba S (1988) Accommodation and convergence insufficiency with left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 106:60–64
Sloan LL, Sears ML, Jablonski MD (1960) Convergence-accommodation relationship. Arch Ophthalmol 63:283–306
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Offprint requests to: T. Matsuo
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Matsuo, T., Ohtsuki, H. Follow-up results of a combination of accommodation and convergence insufficiency in school-age children and adolescents. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 230, 166–170 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00164657
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00164657