Skip to main content
Log in

The effects of the child support provisions of the Family Support Act of 1988 on child well-being

  • Published:
Population Research and Policy Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The provisions for child support reform in the Family Support Act of 1988 are likely to have a large impact upon the well-being of children eligible for child support, a group expected to include half of the children in the country. The reform is expected to increase child support payments and thereby reduce the economic insecurity and poverty of children who live apart from a parent. It is also expected to lead to increased contact between noncustodial parents and their children, which may also enhance well-being. This paper reviews the child support system in the United States, summarizes the empirical research that has been carried out on children from disrupted families, analyzes the impact that the Family Support Act may have on child well-being, and discusses the key variables that should be measured as well as the most promising sources of data to evaluate child support reform.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abrahamson, A.F., P.A. Morrison and L.J. Waite (1987). “Single Teenage Mothers: Spotting Susceptible Adolescents in Advance,” paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, Chicago.

  • Astone, N.M. and S.S. McLanahan (1989). “The Effect of Family Structure on School Completion,” paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, Baltimore, March.

  • Bane, M.J. (1986). “Household Composition and Poverty,” in S.H. Danziger & D.H. Weinberg (eds.) Fighting Poverty: What Works and What Doesn't, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bumpass, L. (1984). “Children and Marital Disruption: A Replication and Update,” Demography 21: 71–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bumpass, L. and S.S. McLanahan (1989). “Unmarried Motherhood: Recent Trends, Composition, and Black-White Differences,” Demography 26: 279–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassetty, J. (1978). Child Support and Public Policy: Securing Support from Absent Fathers. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, D. (1979). Making Fathers Pay: The Enforcement of Child Support. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corcoran, M., R. Gordon, D. Laven, and G. Solon (1987). “Intergenerational Transmission of Education, Income, and Earnings,” photocopy, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Institute of Public Policy Studies, University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douthitt, R. A. (1990). “A Comparison of Time Spent with Children by Mothers in Single-Versus Two-Parent Households,” photocopy. Madison, Wis.: Department of Consumer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, G.J. and S.D. Hoffman (1985). “A Reconsideration of the Economic Consequences of Marital Disruption,” Demography 22: 485–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emery, R.E. (1982). “Interparental Conflict and the Children of Discord and Divorce,” Psychological Bulletin 92: 310–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emery, R.E. and K.D. O'Leary (1984). “Marital Discord and Child Behavior Problems in a Nonclinic Sample,” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 12: 411–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furstenberg, F.F., C.W. Nord, J.L. Peterson and N. Zill (1983). “The Life Course of Children of Divorce: Marital Disruption and Parental Contact,” American Sociological Review 48: 656–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furstenberg, F.F., S.P. Morgan and P.D. Allison (1987). “Paternal Participation and Children's Well-Being after Marital Dissolution,” American Sociological Review 52: 695–701.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, I. et al. (1988). “Evaluation Design for the Wisconsin Child Support Assurance Demonstration,” Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, I. and M. Klawitter (1989). “The Effects of Routine Income Withholding on Child Support Collections,” Discussion Paper #891–89. Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, I. and S.S. McLanahan (1986). Single Mothers and Their Children: A New American Dilemma. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, I. and M. Melli (1982). “Child Support: Weaknesses of the Old and Features of a Proposed New System,” Special Report 32A. Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, I. and M.S. Melli (1989). “The Use of Normative Standards in Family Law Decisions: Developing Mathematical Standards for Child Support,” Discussion Paper # 900–89. Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, I. and D. Oellerich (1989). “Noncustodial Fathers' Ability to Pay Child Support,” Demography 26: 219–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J.W. and A.H. Beller (1988). “Child Support Payments: Evidence from Repeated Cross Sections,” American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 78: 81–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzog, E. and C.E. Sudia (1973). “Children in Fatherless Families,” in B. Caldwell & H.N. Ricciuti (eds.), Review of Child Development Research, Vol. 3. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, E.M., M. Cox and R. Cox (1978). “The Aftermath of Divorce,” in J.H. Stevens, Jr. & M. Matthews (eds.) Mother-Child Father-Child Relations. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M.S., S. Augustyniak and M. Ponza (1987). “Effects of Parental Divorce on Children's Attainments: An Emperical Comparison of Five Hypotheses,” photocopy. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, D.P. and E.M. Kitigawa (1985). “The Impact of Social Status, Family Structure, and Neighborhood on the Fertility of Black Adolescents,” American Journal of Sociology 90: 825–855.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidder, R.L. (1986). “Legal Impact: Does Law Make Any Difference?” in his volume Connecting Law and Society. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, H.O. (1981). Child Support in America: The Legal Perspective. Charlottesville, Va.: Michie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krein, S.F. and A.H. Beller (1988). “Educational Attainment of Children from Single-Parent Families: Differences by Exposure, Gender, and Race,” Demography 25: 221–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E.E. and R.H. Mnookin (1990). “Coparenting in the Second Year after Divorce,” Journal of Marriage and the Family 52: 141–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsueda, R.L. and K. Heimer (1987). “Race, Family Structure and Delinquency: A Test of Differential Association and Social Control Theories,” American Sociological Review 52: 826–840.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLanahan, S.S. (1985). “The Reproduction of Poverty,” American Journal of Sociology 90: 873–901.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLanahan, S.S. (1988). “Family Structure and Dependency: Early Transitions to Female Household Headship,” Demography 25: 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLanahan, S.S., N.M. Astone and N. Marks (1988). “The Role of Mother-Only Families in Reproducing Poverty,” paper presented to the Conference on Poverty and Children, Lawrence, Kansas, June 20–22.

  • McLanahan, S.S. and K. Booth (1989). “Mother-Only Families: Problems, Prospects, and Politics,” Journal of Marriage and the Family 51: 557–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLanahan, S.S. and L. Bumpass (1988a). “Intergenerational Consequences of Marital Disruption,” American Journal of Sociology 94: 130–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLanahan, S.S. and L. Bumpass (1988b). “Comment: A Note on the Effect of Family Structure on School Enrollment” in G. Sandefur and M. Tienda (eds.) Divided Opportunities: Minorities, Poverty, and Social Policy. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for State Courts, Washington Project Office (1989). “Child Support Guidelines Summaries,” Arlington, Va.

  • Nichols-Casebolt, A., and I. Garfinkel (1989). “Trends in Paternity Adjudications and Child Support Awards,” Discussion Paper #879–89. Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nock, S. (1988). “The Family and Hierarchy,” Journal of Marriage and the Family 50: 957–966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oellerich, D.T. (1988). “The Income Distributional Impacts of Private Child Support Transfers in the United States,” paper presented at International Conference: Prospects and Limits of Simulation Models in Tax Transfer Policy, Justus Liebig University, Giessur, Germany, October 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oellerich, D.T., I. Garfinkel and P.K. Robins (1989). “Private Child Support: Current and Potential Impacts.” Discussion Paper #888–89. Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, J., N. Thoennes and P. Tjaden (1989). “Legislating Adequacy: The Impact of Child Support Guidelines,” Law and Society Review 23: 569–590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, P. (1989). “Why Are Child Support Award Amounts Declining?” Discussion Paper #885–89. Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M.L. (1971). “Parent-Child Separation: Psychological Effects on Children,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 12:233–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. and D. Quinton (1977). “Psychiatric Disorder: Ecological Factors and Concepts in Causation,” in H. McGurk (ed.), Ecological Factors in Human Development. Amsterdam: North Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandefur, G.D., S. McLanahan and R.A. Wojtkiewicz (1989). “Race and Ethnicity, Family Structure, and High School Graduation.” Discussion Paper # 893–89. Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawhill, I.V. (1983). “Developing Normative Standards for Child Support Payments,” in J. Cassetty (ed.), The Parental Child Support Obligation. Lexington, Mass.: DC Heath.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer, N.C., J.A. Seltzer and M. Klawitter (1989). “Nonresponse and Response Bias in Reports of Child Support Payments: Comparisons between Custodial Mothers and Noncustodial Fathers,” Working paper #89–12, Madison, Wis.: Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schorr, A. (1966). “The Family Cycle and Income Development,” Social Security Bulletin 29: 14–25, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, J. (1989). “Legal Custody Arrangements and the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Welfare.” Discussion Paper 892–89. Madison, Wis.: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, J.A. and S.M. Bianchi (1988). “Children's Contact with Absent Parents,” Journal of Marriage and the Family 50: 663–678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, J. and N.C. Schaeffer (1989). “Another Day, Another Dollar: Effects of Legal Custody on Paying Child Support and Visiting Children,” photocopy. Madison, Wis.: Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, J., N.C. Schaeffer and H. Charng (1989). “Family Ties after Divorce: The Relationship Between Visiting and Paying Child Support,” Journal of Marriage and the Family 51: 1013–1031.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of the Census (1981). Current Population Reports (CPR), Series P-23, No. 112. Child Support and Alimony: 1978. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of the Census (1986). Current Population Reports (CPR), Series P-23, No. 148. Child Support and Alimony: 1983. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of the Census (1987). Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1988. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of the Census (1989). Current Population Reports (CPR), Series P-23, No. 154. Child Support and Alimony: 1985. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means (1989). Background Material and Data on Programs Within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means, 1989 edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallerstein, J.S. and J.B. Kelly (1980). Surviving the Breakup: How Children and Parents Cope with Divorce. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, R. (1978). “Growing Up a Little Faster: The Experience of Growing Up in a Single-Parent Household,” Journal of Social Issues 35: 97–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, Y. and R. Willis (1985). “Children as Collective Goods and Divorce Settlements,” Journal of Labor Economics 3: 268–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weitzman, L. (1985). The Divorce Revolution. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, K.R. and R.T. Stone (1976). “A Study of Alimony and Child Support Rulings with Some Recommendations,” Family Law Quarterly 10: 83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services (1979). “Wisconsin Welfare Study 1978: Report and Recommendations of the Welfare Reform Study Advisory Committee,” Madison, Wisconsin.

  • Yee, L.M. (1979). “What Really Happens in Child Support Cases: An Empirical Study of the Establishment and Enforcement of Child Support Awards in the Denver District Court,” Denver Law Quarterly 57: 21.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the sponsoring institutions.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Garfinkel, I., Lanahan, S.M. The effects of the child support provisions of the Family Support Act of 1988 on child well-being. Popul Res Policy Rev 9, 205–234 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162836

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162836

Keywords

Navigation