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Intensities and anisotropies of low energy solar protons measured aboard the satellites Azur, Explorer 35 and 41, November 1969–April 1970

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Abstract

Solar proton fluxes observed with the satellites Azur, Explorer 41, and Explorer 35 as well as interplanetary magnetic field measurements obtained by Explorer 35 are used to study the transport processes of low energy protons. The experimental results are compared with several authors' theories. The influence of diffusion, convection, collimated convection and scatter-free propagation is discussed as well as propagation close to the Sun.

In most cases the anisotropy vectors are field aligned during the rise and decay phase of the events. However, large scale directional discontinuities of the interplanetary magnetic field can decouple the anisotropy vectors from the field directions and determine the phases in which collimated convection and convection with the solar wind dominates.

Three extreme western limb events give evidence for propagation of solar protons close to the Sun and anisotropic diffusion in the interplanetary space.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, 3411, Lindau, Germany

    E. Kirsch & J. W. Münch

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  1. E. Kirsch
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  2. J. W. Münch
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Kirsch, E., Münch, J.W. Intensities and anisotropies of low energy solar protons measured aboard the satellites Azur, Explorer 35 and 41, November 1969–April 1970. Sol Phys 39, 459–478 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162438

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162438

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