Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Solar and stellar flares: Questions and problems

  • Solar and Stellar Flares
  • Published:
Solar Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although progress has been made in understanding certain aspects of the physics of solar and stellar flares, there are a number of topics which, in the author's opinion, still pose a problem. We summarize these topics here.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ambruster, C. et al.: 1987, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 65, 273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Applegate, J. and Patterson, J.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 322, L99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahcall, J. et al.: 1988, Nature 334, 487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bai, T.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 318, L85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bai, T.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 328, 860.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baliunas, S.: 1986, in M. Zeilik and D. Gibson (eds.), Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basri, G.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 316, 377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bastian, T. and Bookbinder, J.: 1987, Nature 326, 678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum, P. and Bratenahl, A.: 1980, Solar Phys. 67, 245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bieber, J.: 1988, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 5903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bookbinder, J. et al.: 1986, in M. Zellik and D. Gibson (eds.), Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bopp, B. and Moffett, T.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 185, 239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bopp, B. et al.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 249, 210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornmann, P.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 313, 449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. C.: 1971, Solar Phys. 18, 489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canfield, R. C. et al.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 282, 296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canfield, R. C. et al.: 1987, Nature 326, 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, K. and Sofia, S.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 307, 222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiuderi Drago, F. et al.: 1987, Solar Phys. 112, 89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiueh, T. and Zweibel, E.: 1989, Astrophys. J. (in press).

  • Coleman, G. and Worden, S. P.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 205, 475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, A. et al.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 245, L37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cram, L. and Woods, T.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 257, 269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlburg, R. et al.: 1988, Astron. Astrophys. 198, 300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dicke, R.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 228, 899.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dicke, R.: 1982, Solar Phys. 78, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, J. and Butler, J.: 1985, Nature 313, 378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duvall, T. and Harvey, J.: 1984, Nature 310, 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duvall, T. et al.: 1986, Nature 321, 500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, G.: 1987, Solar Phys. 113, 307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, T. and Priest, E.: 1986, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 1289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershberg, R. and Shakhovskaya, N.: 1983, Astrophys. Space Sci. 95, 235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giampapa, M. and Liebert, J.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 305, 784.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grinin, V. P. and Sobolev, V. V.: 1989, in B. M. Haisch and M. Rodonò (eds.), IAU Colloq. 104, Solar and Stellar Flares, Poster Papers, Publ. Catania Astrophys. Obs., Special Volume, p. 297.

  • Haisch, B. M.: 1983, in P. B. Byrne and M. Rodono (eds.), Activity in Red Dwarf Stars, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, R. J. and Petrosian, V.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 321, 721.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holman, G.: 1986, in M. Zeilik and D. Gibson (eds.), Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, R. D. and Mullan, D. J.: 1987, Solar Phys. 107, 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holzer, T.: 1980, in A. Dupree (ed.), Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Spec. Rep., No. 389, 165.

  • Howard, R. et al.: 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 2314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahler, S. et al.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 328, 824.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsova, M. et al.: 1987, Astron. Zh. 64, 1243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuijpers, J.: 1985, in R. M. Hjellming and D. M. Gibson (eds.), Radio Stars, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, K. R.: 1983, in P. B. Byrne and M. Rodono (eds.), Activity in Red Dwarf Stars, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, K. R. et al.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 322, 1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Louarn, P. et al.: 1987, Solar Phys. 111, 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, B. C. and Wolfson, R.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 324, 574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machado, M. et al.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 326, 425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcy, G. et al.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 288, 259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthaeus, W. and Lamkin, S.: 1985, Phys. Fluids 28, 303.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClymont, A. and Fisher, G.: 1988, in Outstanding Problems in Solar System Plasma Physics: Theory and Instrumentation, Proc. of Yosemite 1988 Conference.

  • Melrose, D. B. and Dulk, G. A.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 259, 844.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, D. J.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 201, 630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, D. J.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 207, 289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, D. J.: 1977, Solar Phys. 54, 183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, D. J.: 1984a, Astrophys. J. 279, 746.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, D. J.: 1984b, Astrophys. J. 282, 603.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, D. J.: 1985, in R. M. Hjellming and D. M. Gibson (eds.), Radio Stars, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, D. J., Stencel, R. E., and Backman, D.: 1989, Astrophys. J. (in press, August 1989 issue).

  • Mullan, D. J. et al.: 1988, in E. J. Rolfe (ed.), A Decade of UV Astronomy with the IUE Satellite, ESA SP-281, Paris, Vol. 1, p. 423.

  • Mullan, D. J., Sion, E. M., Bruhweiler, F. C., and Carpenter, K. G.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 339, L33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mundt, R.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 280, 749.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohki, K. and Hudson, H.: 1975, Solar Phys. 53, 405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1987, Solar Phys. 110, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 330, 474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, J.: 1984, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 54, 443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettersen, B.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys. 209, 279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reale, F. et al.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 328, 256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutten, R. G. M. et al.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys. (in press).

  • Saar, S. et al.: 1987, in 27th Liège Int. Astrophys. Colloquium.

  • Schmitt, J. et al.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 322, 1033.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneeberger, T. et al.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 231, 148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzschild, M.: 1958, Structure and Evolution of the Stars, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, p. 257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shakhovskaya, N. I.: 1979, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Obs. 60, 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simnett, G. M.: 1989, in B. M. Haisch and M. Rodonò (eds.), IAU Colloq. 104, Solar and Stellar Flares, Poster Papers, Publ. Catania Astrophys. Obs., Special Volume.

  • Skumanich, A.: 1985, Australian J. Phys. 38, 971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spicer, D. S.: 1976, NRL Report 8036.

  • Strauss, H.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 326, 412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, K. T. et al.: 1986, in M. Kundu and B. Woodgate (eds.), Energetic Phenomena on the Sun, NASA Conf. Proc. CP-2349, pp. 5–38.

  • Tarter, C. and Mullan, D.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 212, 179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Oord, G.: 1987, ‘Stellar Flares’, doctoral dissertation, Utrecht, p. 108.

  • Van Leeuwen, F. and Alphenaar, F.: 1983, in P. B. Byrne and M. Rodono (eds.), Activity in Red Dwarf Stars, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilhu, O. and Walter, F.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 321, 958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldron, W. and Mullan, D. J.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 319, 971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, D. et al.: 1980, in P. Sturrock (ed.), Solar Flares, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, p. 471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R.: 1987, NASA Tech. Paper 2714.

  • Winglee, R.: 1985, in R. Hjellming and D. Gibson (eds.), Radio Stars, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. et al.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 267, 655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware Newark, 19716, DE, U.S.A.

    D. J. Mullan

Authors
  1. D. J. Mullan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mullan, D.J. Solar and stellar flares: Questions and problems. Sol Phys 121, 239–259 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00161698

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00161698

Keywords

Search

Navigation