Abstract
We propose chromospheric models of plages to explain profiles of the Ca ii H, K, λl8498, λ8542, and λ8662 lines described in Paper I. These models are consistent with boundary conditions imposed by the photosphere and the Lyman continuum. We find that increasing emission in these lines is consistent with a picture of increasing temperature gradient in the low chromosphere and the resulting increase in pressure and electron density at similar line optical depths. With this picture we suggest how to empirically determine the distribution of chromospheric parameters across the solar disk directly from Ca ii filtergrams. We also propose that the high density aspects of solar activity are produced by steep temperature gradients in the low chromosphere and thus by the enhanced heating mechanisms that steepen these gradients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, T., Desesquelles, J., Jessen, K. A., and Sorensen, G.: 1970, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 10, 1143.
Athay, R. G.: 1969, Solar Phys. 9, 51.
Athay, R. G. and Skumanich, A.: 1968, Solar Phys. 3, 181.
Avrett, E. H.: 1968, in Resonance Lines in Astrophysics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.
Avrett, E. H. and Loeser, R.: 1969, Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Spec. Rept. 303, p. 98.
Bahcall, J. N. and Wolf, R. A.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 152, 701.
Barnes, K. S.: 1971, J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Phys. 4, 1377.
Barnes, K. S. and Peach, G.: 1970, J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Phys. 3, 350.
Black, J. H., Weisheit, J. C., and Laviana, E.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 177, 567.
Burke, P. G. and Moores, D. L.: 1968, J. Phys. B (Proc. Phys. Soc.), 1, 575.
Chipman, E.: 1971, Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University.
Cram, L. E.: 1972, Solar Phys. 22, 375.
Dalgarno, A.: 1972, private communication.
Defouw, R. J.: 1970, Solar Phys 14, 42.
Dumont, S.: 1967, Ann. Astrophys. 30, 421.
Dupree, A. K.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 178, 527.
Finn, G. D.: 1971, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 11, 477.
Fisher, R. R.: 1972, Solar Phys. 24, 385.
Gallagher, A.: 1967, Phys. Rev. 157, 24.
Holweger, H.: 1972, Solar Phys. 25, 14.
Hummer, D. G. and Rybicki, G. B.: 1966, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 6, 661.
Jager, C. de and Neven, L.: 1970, Solar Phys. 11 3.
Jones, R. A. and Rense, W. A.: 1970, Solar Phys. 15, 317.
Jordan, C.: 1971, in C. de Jager (ed.), Highlights of Astronomy, Vol. 2, D. Reidel, Dordrecht-Holland, p. 519.
Linsky, J. L.: 1968, Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Spec. Rept. 274.
Linsky, J. L. and Avrett, E. H.: 1970, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 82, 169.
Lites, B. W.: Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado.
Liu, S. Y.: 1972, Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland.
Martin, S. O., Peart, B., and Dolder, K. T.: 1968, J. Phys. B (Proc. Phys. Soc.) 1, 537.
Milkey, R. W. and Mihalas, D.: 1974, Astrophys J., to appear.
Munro, R. H., Dupree, A. K., and Withbroe, G. L.: 1971, Solar Phys. 19, 347.
Norcross, D. W.: 1972, private communication.
Noyes, R. W. and Kalkofen, W.: 1970, Solar Phys. 15, 1.
Noyes, R. W., Withbroe, G. L., and Kirschner, R. P.: 1970, Solar Phys. 11, 388.
Omont, A., Smith, E. W., and Cooper, J.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 175, 185.
Ostrovskii, Y. I. and Penkin, N. P.: 1961, Opt. Spectrosc. 11, 307.
Parkinson, J. H.: 1973, Solar Phys. 28, 487.
Pasachoff, J. M.: 1970, Solar Phys. 12, 202.
Saraph, H. E.: 1970, J. Phys. B. Atom. Mol. Phys. 3, 952.
Seaton, M. J.: 1962, in D. R. Bates (ed.), Atomic and Molecular Processes, Ch. 11, Academic Press, New York.
Shine, R. A.: 1973, Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado.
Shine, R. A.: 1974, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 6, 294.
Shine, R. A. and Linsky, J. L.: 1972, Solar Phys. 25, 357.
Shine, R. A. and Linsky, J. L.: 1974, Solar Phys. 37, 145.
Shine, R. A. and Oster, L.: 1973, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 5, 279.
Stein, R. F. and Schwartz, R. A.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 186, 1083.
Taylor, P. O. and Dunn, G. H.: 1973, Phys. Rev. A 8, 2304.
Thomas, R. N. and Athay, R. G.: 1961, Physics of the Solar Chromosphere, Interscience, New York.
Ulmschneider, P.: 1971, Astron. Astrophys. 12, 297.
Vernazza, J. E.: 1972, Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University.
Vernazza, J. E., Avrett, E. H., and Loeser, R.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 184, 605.
Wiese, W. L., Smith, M. W., and Miles, B. M.: 1969, Atomic Transition Probabilities, Vol. II, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Withbroe, G. L.: 1970, Solar Phys. 11, 42.
Withbroe, G. L.: 1972, Solar Phys. 25, 116.
Withbroe, G. L. and Gurman, J. B.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 183, 279.
Zirin, H.: 1966, The Solar Atmosphere, Blaisdell, Waltham, Mass.
Zirker, J. B.: 1965, Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Spec. Rept. 174, p. 397.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Staff Member, Laboratory Astrophysics Division, National Bureau of Standards.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shine, R.A., Linsky, J.L. Physical properties of solar chromospheric plages. Sol Phys 39, 49–77 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00154970
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00154970